python经典百题之乒乓球比赛

题目:

两个乒乓球队进行比赛,各出三人。甲队为a,b,c三人,乙队为x,y,z三人。已抽签决定比赛名单。有人向队员打听比赛的名单。a说他不和x比,c说他不和x,z比,请编程序找出三队赛手的名单。

第一种方式:

思路:使用嵌套循环,枚举所有可能的组合,然后判断是否满足a和c的要求,若满足则输出比赛名单。

优点:思路简单,易于理解和实现。

缺点:效率较低,枚举了所有组合,不适用于数据量较大的情况。

代码实现如下:

team_a = ["a", "b", "c"]
team_b = ["x", "y", "z"]

for i in range(3):
    for j in range(3):
        for k in range(3):
            if i != j and j != k and i != k:# 保证三个队员不重复
                if team_a[i] != "a" and team_b[i] != "x" and team_b[j] != "x" and team_b[k] != "z":
                    print("甲队比赛名单:", team_a[i], team_a[j], team_a[k])
                    print("乙队比赛名单:", team_b[i], team_b[j], team_b[k])

第二种方式:

思路:使用列表解析,先生成所有可能的组合,然后筛选出符合条件的比赛名单。

优点:代码简洁,可读性高;比第一种方法效率更高。

缺点:如果比赛名单不唯一,可能输出多个符合条件的结果。

代码实现如下:

team_a = ["a", "b", "c"]
team_b = ["x", "y", "z"]

possible_match = [(a, b, c, x, y, z) for a in team_a for b in team_a for c in team_a 
                  for x in team_b for y in team_b for z in team_b if len(set([a, b, c, x, y, z])) == 6]

match = filter(lambda m: m[0] != "a" and m[3] != "x" and m[4] != "x" and m[5] != "z", possible_match)

for m in match:
    print("甲队比赛名单:", m[:3])
    print("乙队比赛名单:", m[3:])

第三种方式:

思路:使用递归函数,按顺序从队列中选出一名队员,如果选择的队员与之前的队员满足条件,则递归调用函数,找出下一名队员,直到选出三名队员,判断是否符合条件,符合则输出比赛名单。

优点:代码可维护性高;如果比赛名单不唯一,可以全部找到。

缺点:代码实现相对较复杂,难度较大。

代码实现如下:

def get_match(team_a, team_b, match, selected_a, selected_b):
    if len(selected_a) == 3:
        if "x" not in selected_b and "z" not in selected_b:
            print("甲队比赛名单:", selected_a)
            print("乙队比赛名单:", selected_b)
        return

    for i, a in enumerate(team_a):
        if a not in selected_a and (a != "a" or "x" not in selected_b):
            for j, b in enumerate(team_b):
                if b not in selected_b and (a != "c" or b != "x") and (a != "c" or b != "z"):
                    get_match(team_a, team_b, match, selected_a + [a], selected_b + [b])

team_a = ["a", "b", "c"]
team_b = ["x", "y", "z"]
get_match(team_a, team_b, [], [], [])

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