【Flutter 混合开发】嵌入原生View-iOS

Flutter 混合开发系列 包含如下：

• 嵌入原生View-Android
• 嵌入原生View-iOS
• 与原生通信-MethodChannel
• 与原生通信-BasicMessageChannel
• 与原生通信-EventChannel
• 添加 Flutter 到 Android Activity
• 添加 Flutter 到 Android Fragment
• 添加 Flutter 到 iOS

每个工作日分享一篇，欢迎关注、点赞及转发。

iOS View

建议使用 Xcode 进行开发，在 Android Studio 左侧 project tab下选中 ios 目录下任意一个文件，右上角会出现 Open iOS module in Xcode ，

点击即可打开，打开后如下：

在Runner 目录下创建 iOS View，此 View 继承 FlutterPlatformView ，返回一个简单的 UILabel ：

import Foundation
import Flutter

class MyFlutterView: NSObject,FlutterPlatformView {
    
    let label = UILabel()
    
    init(_ frame: CGRect,viewID: Int64,args :Any?,messenger :FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
        label.text = "我是 iOS View"
    }
    
    func view() -> UIView {
        return label
    }   
}

• getView ：返回iOS View

注册PlatformView

创建 MyFlutterViewFactory：

import Foundation
import Flutter

class MyFlutterViewFactory: NSObject,FlutterPlatformViewFactory {
    
    var messenger:FlutterBinaryMessenger
    
    init(messenger:FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
        self.messenger = messenger
        super.init()
    }
    
    func create(withFrame frame: CGRect, viewIdentifier viewId: Int64, arguments args: Any?) -> FlutterPlatformView {
        return MyFlutterView(frame,viewID: viewId,args: args,messenger: messenger)
    }
    
    func createArgsCodec() -> FlutterMessageCodec & NSObjectProtocol {
        return FlutterStandardMessageCodec.sharedInstance()
    }
}

在 AppDelegate 中注册：

import UIKit
import Flutter

@UIApplicationMain
@objc class AppDelegate: FlutterAppDelegate {
  override func application(
    _ application: UIApplication,
    didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?
  ) -> Bool {
    GeneratedPluginRegistrant.register(with: self)
    
    let registrar:FlutterPluginRegistrar = self.registrar(forPlugin: "plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view_plugin")!
    let factory = MyFlutterViewFactory(messenger: registrar.messenger())
    registrar.register(factory, withId: "plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view")
    return super.application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: launchOptions)
  }
}

记住 plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view ，这个字符串在 Flutter 中需要与其保持一致。

嵌入Flutter

在 Flutter 中调用

class PlatformViewDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    Widget platformView() {
      if (defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.android) {
        return AndroidView(
          viewType: 'plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view',
          onPlatformViewCreated: (viewId) {
            print('viewId:$viewId');
            platforms
                .add(MethodChannel('com.flutter.guide.MyFlutterView_$viewId'));
          },
          creationParams: {'text': 'Flutter传给AndroidTextView的参数'},
          creationParamsCodec: StandardMessageCodec(),
        );
      }else if(defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.iOS){
        return UiKitView(
          viewType: 'plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view',
        );
      }
    }
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(),
      body: Center(
        child: platformView(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

上面嵌入的是 iOS View，因此通过 defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.iOS 判断当前平台加载，在 iOS 上运行效果：

设置初始化参数

Flutter 端修改如下：

UiKitView(
          viewType: 'plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view',
          creationParams: {'text': 'Flutter传给IOSTextView的参数'},
          creationParamsCodec: StandardMessageCodec(),
        )

• creationParams ：传递的参数，插件可以将此参数传递给 AndroidView 的构造函数。
• creationParamsCodec ：将 creationParams 编码后再发送给平台侧，它应该与传递给构造函数的编解码器匹配。值的范围：
  • StandardMessageCodec
  • JSONMessageCodec
  • StringCodec
  • BinaryCodec

修改 MyFlutterView ：

import Foundation
import Flutter

class MyFlutterView: NSObject,FlutterPlatformView {
    
    let label = UILabel()
    
    init(_ frame: CGRect,viewID: Int64,args :Any?,messenger :FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
        super.init()
        if(args is NSDictionary){
            let dict = args as! NSDictionary
            label.text  = dict.value(forKey: "text") as! String
        }
    }
    
    func view() -> UIView {
        return label
    }
    
}

最终效果：

Flutter 向 iOS View 发送消息

修改 Flutter 端，创建 MethodChannel 用于通信：

class PlatformViewDemo extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _PlatformViewDemoState createState() => _PlatformViewDemoState();
}

class _PlatformViewDemoState extends State {
  static const platform =
      const MethodChannel('com.flutter.guide.MyFlutterView');

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        Widget platformView() {
      if (defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.android) {
        return AndroidView(
          viewType: 'plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view',
          creationParams: {'text': 'Flutter传给AndroidTextView的参数'},
          creationParamsCodec: StandardMessageCodec(),
        );
      } else if (defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.iOS) {
        return UiKitView(
          viewType: 'plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view',
          creationParams: {'text': 'Flutter传给IOSTextView的参数'},
          creationParamsCodec: StandardMessageCodec(),
        );
      }
    }

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(),
      body: Column(children: [
        RaisedButton(
          child: Text('传递参数给原生View'),
          onPressed: () {
            platform.invokeMethod('setText', {'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});
          },
        ),
        Expanded(child: platformView()),
      ]),
    );
  }
}

在 原生View 中也创建一个 MethodChannel 用于通信：

import Foundation
import Flutter

class MyFlutterView: NSObject,FlutterPlatformView {
    
    let label = UILabel()
    
    init(_ frame: CGRect,viewID: Int64,args :Any?,messenger :FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
        super.init()
        if(args is NSDictionary){
            let dict = args as! NSDictionary
            label.text  = dict.value(forKey: "text") as! String
        }
        
        let methodChannel = FlutterMethodChannel(name: "com.flutter.guide.MyFlutterView", binaryMessenger: messenger)
        methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler { (call, result) in
            if (call.method == "setText") {
                if let dict = call.arguments as? Dictionary {
                    let name:String = dict["name"] as? String ?? ""
                    let age:Int = dict["age"] as? Int ?? -1
                    self.label.text = "hello,\(name),年龄：\(age)"
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    func view() -> UIView {
        return label
    }
    
}

Flutter 向 Android View 获取消息

与上面发送信息不同的是，Flutter 向原生请求数据，原生返回数据到 Flutter 端，修改 MyFlutterView onMethodCall：

import Foundation
import Flutter

class MyFlutterView: NSObject,FlutterPlatformView {
    
    let label = UILabel()
    
    init(_ frame: CGRect,viewID: Int64,args :Any?,messenger :FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
        super.init()
        if(args is NSDictionary){
            let dict = args as! NSDictionary
            label.text  = dict.value(forKey: "text") as! String
        }
        
        let methodChannel = FlutterMethodChannel(name: "com.flutter.guide.MyFlutterView", binaryMessenger: messenger)
        methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler { (call, result:FlutterResult) in
            if (call.method == "setText") {
                if let dict = call.arguments as? Dictionary {
                    let name:String = dict["name"] as? String ?? ""
                    let age:Int = dict["age"] as? Int ?? -1
                    self.label.text = "hello,\(name),年龄：\(age)"
                }
            }else if (call.method == "getData") {
                if let dict = call.arguments as? Dictionary {
                    let name:String = dict["name"] as? String ?? ""
                    let age:Int = dict["age"] as? Int ?? -1
                    result(["name":name,"age":age])
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    func view() -> UIView {
        return label
    }
    
}

result() 是返回的数据。

Flutter 端接收数据：

var _data = '获取数据';

RaisedButton(
  child: Text('$_data'),
  onPressed: () async {
    var result = await platform
        .invokeMethod('getData', {'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});
    setState(() {
      _data = '${result['name']},${result['age']}';
    });
  },
),

解决多个原生View通信冲突问题

当然页面有3个原生View，

class PlatformViewDemo extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _PlatformViewDemoState createState() => _PlatformViewDemoState();
}

class _PlatformViewDemoState extends State {
  static const platform =
      const MethodChannel('com.flutter.guide.MyFlutterView');

  var _data = '获取数据';

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        Widget platformView() {
      if (defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.android) {
        return AndroidView(
          viewType: 'plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view',
          creationParams: {'text': 'Flutter传给AndroidTextView的参数'},
          creationParamsCodec: StandardMessageCodec(),
        );
      } else if (defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.iOS) {
        return UiKitView(
          viewType: 'plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view',
          creationParams: {'text': 'Flutter传给IOSTextView的参数'},
          creationParamsCodec: StandardMessageCodec(),
        );
      }
    }

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(),
      body: Column(children: [
        Row(
          children: [
            RaisedButton(
              child: Text('传递参数给原生View'),
              onPressed: () {
                platform
                    .invokeMethod('setText', {'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});
              },
            ),
            RaisedButton(
              child: Text('$_data'),
              onPressed: () async {
                var result = await platform
                    .invokeMethod('getData', {'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});
                setState(() {
                  _data = '${result['name']},${result['age']}';
                });
              },
            ),
          ],
        ),
        Expanded(child: Container(color: Colors.red, child: platformView())),
        Expanded(child: Container(color: Colors.blue, child: platformView())),
        Expanded(child: Container(color: Colors.yellow, child: platformView())),
      ]),
    );
  }
}

此时点击 传递参数给原生View 按钮哪个View会改变内容，实际上只有最后一个会改变。

如何改变指定View的内容？重点是 MethodChannel，只需修改上面3个通道的名称不相同即可：

• 第一种方法：将一个唯一 id 通过初始化参数传递给原生 View，原生 View使用这个id 构建不同名称的 MethodChannel。
• 第二种方法（推荐）：原生 View 生成时，系统会为其生成唯一id：viewId，使用 viewId 构建不同名称的 MethodChannel。

原生 View 使用 viewId 构建不同名称的 MethodChannel：

import Foundation
import Flutter

class MyFlutterView: NSObject,FlutterPlatformView {
    
    let label = UILabel()
    
    init(_ frame: CGRect,viewID: Int64,args :Any?,messenger :FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
        super.init()
        if(args is NSDictionary){
            let dict = args as! NSDictionary
            label.text  = dict.value(forKey: "text") as! String
        }
        
        let methodChannel = FlutterMethodChannel(name: "com.flutter.guide.MyFlutterView_\(viewID)", binaryMessenger: messenger)
        methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler { (call, result:FlutterResult) in
            ...
        }
    }
    
    func view() -> UIView {
        return label
    }
    
}

Flutter 端为每一个原生 View 创建不同的MethodChannel：

var platforms = [];

UiKitView(
  viewType: 'plugins.flutter.io/custom_platform_view',
  onPlatformViewCreated: (viewId) {
    print('viewId:$viewId');
    platforms
        .add(MethodChannel('com.flutter.guide.MyFlutterView_$viewId'));
  },
  creationParams: {'text': 'Flutter传给AndroidTextView的参数'},
  creationParamsCodec: StandardMessageCodec(),
)

给第一个发送消息：

platforms[0]
    .invokeMethod('setText', {'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});

交流

老孟Flutter博客（330个控件用法+实战入门系列文章）：http://laomengit.com