一点一点学ASP.NET之基础概念——HttpModule
HttpModule是如何工作的
当一个HTTP请求到达HttpModule时，整个ASP.NET Framework系统还并没有对这个HTTP请求做任何处理，也就是说此时对于HTTP请求来讲，HttpModule是一个HTTP请求的“必经之路”，所以可以在这个HTTP请求传递到真正的请求处理中心（HttpHandler）之前附加一些需要的信息在这个HTTP请求信息之上，或者针对截获的这个HTTP请求信息作一些额外的工作，或者在某些情况下干脆终止满足一些条件的HTTP请求，从而可以起到一个Filter过滤器的作用。
示例1：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
namespace MyHttpModule
{
/// <summary>
/// 说明：用来实现自己的HttpModule类。
/// 作者：文野
/// 联系：[email protected]
/// </summary>
public class MyFirstHttpModule : IHttpModule
{
private void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
HttpContext context = application.Context;
HttpRequest request = application.Request;
HttpResponse response = application.Response;
response.Write("我来自自定义HttpModule中的BeginRequest<br />");
}
private void Application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
HttpContext context = application.Context;
HttpRequest request = application.Request;
HttpResponse response = application.Response;
response.Write("我来自自定义HttpModule中的EndRequest<br />");
}
#region IHttpModule 成员
public void Dispose()
{}
public void Init(HttpApplication application)
{
application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);
application.EndRequest += new EventHandler(Application_EndRequest);
}
#endregion
}
}
在Web.config进行如下配置
<add name="MyFirstHttpModule" type="MyHttpModule.MyFirstHttpModule,MyHttpModule"/>
深入了解HttpModule
一个HTTP请求在HttpModule容器的传递过程中，会在某一时刻（ResolveRequestCache事件）将这个HTTP请求传递给HttpHandler容器。在这个事件之后，HttpModule容器会建立一个HttpHandler的入口实例，但是此时并没有将HTTP请求控制权交出，而是继续触发AcquireRequestState事件以及PreRequestHandlerExcute事件。在PreRequestHandlerExcute事件之后，HttpModule窗口就会将控制权暂时交给HttpHandler容器，以便进行真正的HTTP请求处理工作。
而在HttpHandler容器内部会执行ProcessRequest方法来处理HTTP请求。在容器HttpHandler处理完毕整个HTTP请求之后，会将控制权交还给HttpModule，HttpModule则会继续对处理完毕的HTTP请求信息流进行层层的转交动作，直到返回到客户端为止。
图1：HttpModule生命周期示意图
示例2：验证HttpModule生命周期
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
namespace MyHttpModule
{
public class ValidaterHttpModule : IHttpModule
{
#region IHttpModule 成员
public void Dispose()
{}
public void Init(HttpApplication application)
{
application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(application_BeginRequest);
application.EndRequest += new EventHandler(application_EndRequest);
application.PreRequestHandlerExecute += new EventHandler(application_PreRequestHandlerExecute);
application.PostRequestHandlerExecute += new EventHandler(application_PostRequestHandlerExecute);
application.ReleaseRequestState += new EventHandler(application_ReleaseRequestState);
application.AcquireRequestState += new EventHandler(application_AcquireRequestState);
application.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(application_AuthenticateRequest);
application.AuthorizeRequest += new EventHandler(application_AuthorizeRequest);
application.ResolveRequestCache += new EventHandler(application_ResolveRequestCache);
application.PreSendRequestHeaders += new EventHandler(application_PreSendRequestHeaders);
application.PreSendRequestContent += new EventHandler(application_PreSendRequestContent);
}
void application_PreSendRequestContent(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreSendRequestContent<br/>");
}
void application_PreSendRequestHeaders(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreSendRequestHeaders<br/>");
}
void application_ResolveRequestCache(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_ResolveRequestCache<br/>");
}
void application_AuthorizeRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_AuthorizeRequest<br/>");
}
void application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_AuthenticateRequest<br/>");
}
void application_AcquireRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_AcquireRequestState<br/>");
}
void application_ReleaseRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_ReleaseRequestState<br/>");
}
void application_PostRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_PostRequestHandlerExecute<br/>");
}
void application_PreRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreRequestHandlerExecute<br/>");
}
void application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_EndRequest<br/>");
}
void application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.Context.Response.Write("application_BeginRequest<br/>");
}
#endregion
}
}
多个自定义的Http Module的运作
从运行结果可以看到，在web.config文件中引入自定义HttpModule的顺序就决定了多个自定义HttpModule在处理一个HTTP请求的接管顺序。注：系统默认那几个HttpModule是最先衩ASP.NET Framework所加载上去的。
示例3：（代码类同示例2）
在HttpModule中终止此次的HTTP请求
可以利用HttpModule通过调用HttpApplication.CompleteRequest()方法实现当满足某一个条件时终止此次的HTTP请求。
需要注意的是，即使调用了HttpApplication.CompleteRequest()方法终止了一个HTTP请求，ASP.NET Framework仍然会触发HttpApplication后面的这3个事件：EndRequest事件、PreSendRequestHeaders事件、PreSendRequestContent事件。
如果存在多个自定义的HttpModule的话，当Module1终止了一个HTTP请求，这个HTTP请求将不会再触发Module2中相应的事件了，但Module2的最后三个事件仍会被触发。
示例4：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
namespace MyHttpModule
{
public class CompleteRequestHttpModule : IHttpModule
{
#region IHttpModule 成员
public void Dispose()
{}
public void Init(HttpApplication application)
{
application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);
}
void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
application.CompleteRequest();
application.Context.Response.Write("请求被终止。");
}
#endregion
}
}
参考资料
《ASP.NET深入解析》
《ASP.NET实用全书》
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