数据结构实验入门:学生成绩统计排序系统

笔者最近在学校开始学习数据结构,这门课程作为计算机专业的最核心课程需要重点掌握,下面是数据结构实验课上的第一次作业内容,笔者在这里分享一下自己的想法和见解

一、实验内容

设计程序实现统计一个班的学生成绩(学生的人数可以设置3000、5000、8000、10000等测试数据),要求自行设计至少两种排序算法,实现如下四个功能;记录每种算法的耗时,结合数据结构的知识对两种算法的时间复杂度进行比较说明。

(1) 输入每个学生的学号,并随机生成2门课程的成绩;

(2) 计算每个学生的平均成绩和总成绩;

(3) 按总成绩从高到低排名,并按名次输出每个学生情况,包括:

 学号,各科成绩,平均成绩,总成绩,排名

(4) 由键盘输入课程号,输出该课程成绩在90分(含90分)以上且总分在前3名的学生情况,要求能多次查询。

二、问题分析

作为数据结构的入门课程,这道题其实可以看作多个小的知识点构成的一个简单系统,衔接了C++学习和数据结构的入门内容。涉及下面这些知识点:
①C++中随机数的使用
②C++中组合数据类型的使用和相关处理
排序算法
④简单的数据统计

每个知识点内容具体如下:
①随机数的使用即要调用系统库cstdlib中的srand()和rand()函数,即要使用两个随机数函数
②组合数据类型即包括结构体和类,此处由于基本上只有数据成员,因此使用结构体更加适合
③由C++的学习内容,已知的排序算法可以分为交换排序、选择排序和插入排序,此处选择其中的两到三种排序方法即可
④数据统计涉及的内容较为琐碎,此处不详细展开

三、程序代码

#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;

struct Student//定义一个学生结构体,有六个数据成员
{
	unsigned number;
	unsigned DataStruction;
	unsigned Programing;
	unsigned OverallGoal;
	double AverageGoal;
	unsigned rank;
	Student& operator=(const Student& s);
};

Student& Student::operator=(const Student& s)
{
	this->number = s.number;
	this->DataStruction = s.DataStruction;
	this->Programing = s.Programing;
	this->OverallGoal = s.OverallGoal;
	this->AverageGoal = s.AverageGoal;
	return *this;
}

void swap(Student* x, Student* y)//这个函数用来交换两个学生的数据
{
	unsigned temp1 = x->OverallGoal;
	x->OverallGoal = y->OverallGoal;
	y->OverallGoal = temp1;

	double temp2 = x->AverageGoal;
	x->AverageGoal = y->AverageGoal;
	y->AverageGoal = temp2;

	unsigned temp3 = x->number;
	x->number = y->number;
	y->number = temp3;

	unsigned temp4 = x->DataStruction;
	x->DataStruction = y->DataStruction;
	y->DataStruction = temp4;

	unsigned temp5 = x->Programing;
	x->Programing = y->Programing;
	y->Programing = temp5;
}

void SwapSort(Student* p, const unsigned& n)
{
	cout << "本次采用交换排序(起泡法):" << endl;
	clock_t start, end;//用来进行程序计时
	start = clock();

	unsigned i = n - 1;
	while (i > 0)
	{
		unsigned lastExchangeIndex = 0;
		for (unsigned j = 0; j < i; j++)
		{
			if (p[j + 1].OverallGoal > p[j].OverallGoal)
			{
				swap(&p[j + 1], &p[j]);
				lastExchangeIndex = j;
			}
		}
		i = lastExchangeIndex;
	}

	end = clock();
	cout << "本次排序用时:" << (double)end - (double)start << " ms." << endl;//为了避免时间过短,选择将排序循环了一百次
}

void InsertSort(Student* p, const unsigned& n)
{
	cout << "本次采用插入排序:" << endl;
	clock_t start, end;//用来进行程序计时
	start = clock();

	for (unsigned i = 1; i < n; i++)
	{
		unsigned j = i;
		Student temp = p[i];
		while (j > 0 && p[j - 1].OverallGoal < temp.OverallGoal)
		{
			p[j] = p[j-1];
			j--;
		}
		p[j] = temp;
	}

	end = clock();
	cout << "本次排序用时:" << (double)end - (double)start << " ms." << endl;//为了避免时间过短,选择将排序循环了一百次
}

void SelectSort(Student* p, const unsigned& n)
{
	cout << "本次采用选择排序(简单排序法):" << endl;
	clock_t start, end;//用来进行程序计时
	start = clock();

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
	{
		unsigned leastIndex = i;
		for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
		{
			if (p[j].OverallGoal > p[leastIndex].OverallGoal)
			{
				leastIndex = j;
			}
		}
		swap(p[i], p[leastIndex]);
	}

	end = clock();
	cout << "本次排序用时:" << (double)end - (double)start << " ms." << endl;
}

void CourseSort1(Student* p, const unsigned& n)
{
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		for (unsigned j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++)
		{
			if (p[j].DataStruction < p[j + 1].DataStruction)
			{
				swap(&p[j], &p[j + 1]);
			}
		}
	}
}

void CourseSort2(Student* p, const unsigned& n)
{
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		for (unsigned j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++)
		{
			if (p[j].Programing < p[j + 1].Programing)
			{
				swap(&p[j], &p[j + 1]);
			}
		}
	}
}

void HighestGrade(Student* sp, const unsigned& n)
{
	string s;

    loop:
	unsigned grade = 1;
	unsigned count = 0;
	cout << "请输入您想查看前三名的课程的名称(课程号):(输入exit退出查分)" << endl;
	cin >> s;

	if (s == "exit")
	{
		return;
	}
	else if (s == "DataStruction")
	{
		CourseSort1(sp, n);
		cout << "数据结构课程前三名情况如下:" << endl;
		cout << "学号\t" << "数据结构成绩\t" << "编程成绩\t" << "平均成绩\t" << "总成绩\t   " << "排名" << endl;
		for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			if (sp[i].DataStruction != sp[i - 1].DataStruction && i != 0)
			{
				grade++;
				if (grade > 3)break;
			}
			if (sp[i].DataStruction >= 90)
			{
				cout << sp[i].number << "\t" << sp[i].DataStruction << "\t        " << sp[i].Programing << "\t        " 
					 << sp[i].AverageGoal << "\t        " << sp[i].OverallGoal << "\t   " << sp[i].rank << endl;
				count++;
			}
		}
		if (count == 0)
		{
			cout << "很遗憾没有同学能上90分呢!" << endl;
		}
		else if (count == 1 || count == 2)
		{
			cout << "只有" << count << "位同学能上90分,他们真厉害!" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "让我们恭喜上面这些同学!" << endl;
		}
	}
	else if (s == "Programing")
	{
		CourseSort2(sp, n);
		cout << "编程课程前三名情况如下:" << endl;
		cout << "学号\t" << "数据结构成绩\t" << "编程成绩\t" << "平均成绩\t" << "总成绩\t   " << "排名" << endl;
		for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			if (sp[i].Programing != sp[i - 1].Programing && i != 0)
			{
				grade++;
				if (grade > 3)break;
			}
			if (sp[i].Programing >= 90)
			{
				cout << sp[i].number << "\t" << sp[i].DataStruction << "\t        " << sp[i].Programing << "\t        "
					<< sp[i].AverageGoal << "\t        " << sp[i].OverallGoal << "\t   " << sp[i].rank << endl;
				count++;
			}
		}
		if (count == 0)
		{
			cout << "很遗憾没有同学能上90分呢!" << endl;
		}
		else if (count == 1 || count == 2)
		{
			cout << "只有" << count << "位同学能上90分,他们真厉害!" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "让我们恭喜上面这些同学!" << endl;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "没有这一门课程哦!" << endl;
	}
	cout << endl;
	goto loop;
}

int main(void)
{
	const unsigned NumOfStu = 8000;//通过字符常量来定义学生人数,能够做到一改全改,且字符常量比C语言的宏定义更加安全
	Student* sp = new Student[NumOfStu];//用动态内存分配方式创建一个学生的数组
	srand(1);//设置随机数种子,方便程序复现调试,在程序的发布版本中可以去掉这一行
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumOfStu; i++)//对数组中的每一个学生进行初始化,用随机数来给出两门课程的成绩(总分都是100)
	{
		sp[i].number = i + 1;
		sp[i].DataStruction = rand() % 100 + 1;
		sp[i].Programing = rand() % 100 + 1;
		sp[i].OverallGoal = sp[i].DataStruction + sp[i].Programing;
		sp[i].AverageGoal = double(sp[i].OverallGoal)/ 2;
		sp[i].rank = 0;//尽管还不能确定排名,但是初始化可以防止出现垃圾数据
	}

	cout << "请输入排序方式:(Swap交换排序,Select选择排序,Insert插入排序)" << endl;
	string cmd;
	SortMethod:
	cin >> cmd;
	if (cmd == "Swap")
	{
		SwapSort(sp, NumOfStu);
	}
	else if (cmd == "Select")
	{
		SelectSort(sp, NumOfStu);
	}
	else if (cmd == "Insert")
	{
		InsertSort(sp, NumOfStu);
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "您没有输入正确的排序方式哦~,请重新输入一下吧!" << endl;
		goto SortMethod;
	}
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumOfStu; i++)
	{
		if (i == 0 || (i!=0&&(sp[i].OverallGoal < sp[i - 1].OverallGoal)))
		{
			sp[i].rank = i + 1;
		}
		else//这种情况下连续两人的总分相同,则排名也相同
		{
			sp[i].rank = sp[i - 1].rank;
		}
	}
	cout << "排序完成!" << endl;

	//下面输出结果
	cout << "学号\t" << "数据结构成绩\t" << "编程成绩\t" << "平均成绩\t" << "总成绩\t   " << "排名" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < NumOfStu; i++)
	{
		cout << sp[i].number << "\t" << sp[i].DataStruction << "\t        " << sp[i].Programing << "\t        "
			<< sp[i].AverageGoal << "\t        " << sp[i].OverallGoal << "\t   " << sp[i].rank << endl;
	}
	cout << endl;

	HighestGrade(sp, NumOfStu);

	delete[] sp;
	return 0;
}

如果代码中有不太懂或者有争议的地方,欢迎私信笔者,让我们共同进步~

你可能感兴趣的:(计算机学习,数据结构,c++,算法)