ubuntu 20 安装 magento2.4
目录
说明
1、magento2.4需要elasticsearch7服务，首先安装elasticsearch7
2、修改elasticsearch配置
3、启动 elasticsearch7
4、验证服务
5、安装 magento2.4
1）下载magento2.4
A、下载安装包
B、composer方式
Access Key获得方式：
2）命令行开始安装magento
6、可能的问题：
1）由于是管理员账户安装的可能有的配置会有权限问题，用下面的命令修复一下。
2）修改目录文件所有权 daemon:daemon 根据实际情况修改 注意后面的 "." 不要忘了
3）刷新静态页面
4）后台登录需要双重验证
5）安装2.4.2版本报错：Declaration of Psr\Log\LoggerInterface\Proxy::emergency 问题解决
6）Failed to initialize global composer: Composer could not find the config file: var/composer_home/composer.json
7）Missing following extensions: 'xsl'
说明
这里只记录了主体部分的安装流程，和碰到的问题解决方式。虚拟站点创建部分没有做说明。目前不建议安装2.4.2版本有坑。
1、magento2.4需要elasticsearch7服务，首先安装elasticsearch7
curl -fsSL https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install elasticsearch
2、修改elasticsearch配置
sudo nano /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
. . .
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: localhost
. . .3、启动 elasticsearch7
sudo systemctl start elasticsearch
sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch
4、验证服务
curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200' 
说明服务已经正常
安装elasticsearch插件，不安装会有报错
cd /usr/share/elasticsearch
bin/elasticsearch-plugin install analysis-phonetic
bin/elasticsearch-plugin install analysis-icu
sudo service elasticsearch restart
5、安装 magento2.4
我这里使用的是PHP 7.3.23版本，php安装可以参考 ubuntu 20 php-7.4.15 编译安装
PHP 7.3.23 (cli) (built: Oct 16 2020 13:58:39) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.3.23, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
with the ionCube PHP Loader + ionCube24 v10.4.1, Copyright (c) 2002-2020, by ionCube Ltd.
with Zend OPcache v7.3.23, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies1）下载magento2.4
A、下载安装包
下载地址 https://magento.com/tech-resources/download#archive-releases
解压到网站目录，或者FTP上传
tar xvzf magento-ce-2.4.0-2020-07-24-11-15-38.tar.gzB、composer方式
安装composer1.9.0版本
php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
sudo php composer-setup.php --install-dir=/bin/composer --version=1.9.0
All settings correct for using Composer
Downloading...
Composer (version 1.9.0) successfully installed to: /usr/bin/composer.phar
Use it: php /bin/composer.phar为方便使用进行重命名：
mv /bin/composer.phar /bin/composer如果已经安装了其他版本的可以进行版本切换：
composer self-update 1.9.0开始下载：
composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition=2.4.0 ./magento240
如果是第一次升级安装会提示输入验证信息，
Access Key获得方式：
1.打开https://marketplace.magento.com
2.注册账号这里就不说明了
3.打开My Profile
4.打开Access Keys
5.点击Create A New Access Key 创建key
6.输入名称
这里的Public Key 是Username, Private Key 是 Password
直接回车开始下载。
出现类似 pcntl_signal() has been disabled for security reasons 这样的错误是因为PHP禁用了pcntl_signal 命令，打开php.ini找到 disable_functions 这一行，删除对应的名称就可以了。
2）命令行开始安装magento
进入安装目录：
cd magento240安装用到的的参数查询方式
语言代码列表 sudo php bin/magento info:language:list
货币代码列表 sudo php bin/magento info:currency:list
时区代码列表 sudo php bin/magento info:timezone:list开始安装：
sudo php bin/magento setup:install --base-url=http://magento.local --db-host=localhost --db-name=magento.local --db-user=magento.local --db-password=magento.local --admin-firstname=Magento --admin-lastname=User [email protected] --admin-user=admin --admin-password=admin123 --language=it_IT --currency=EUR --timezone=Europe/Rome --use-rewrites=1 --search-engine=elasticsearch7 --elasticsearch-host=127.0.0.1 --elasticsearch-port=9200 
安装完成 /admin_miv4ax 是随机产生的后台管理地址，可以在app/etc/env.php中修改
记得要创建虚拟站点我用的是Apache 2.4.46版本
6、可能的问题：
错误提示 Class Magento\Framework\App\ResourceConnection\Proxy does not exist
1）由于是管理员账户安装的可能有的配置会有权限问题，用下面的命令修复一下。
find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type f -exec chmod g+w {} +
find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type d -exec chmod g+ws {} +
chmod u+x bin/magento2）修改目录文件所有权
daemon:daemon是运行web服务的用户和组
sudo chown -R daemon:daemon . daemon:daemon 根据实际情况修改 注意:后面的 "." 不要忘了
3）刷新静态页面
php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy -f
php bin/magento indexer:reindex
php bin/magento cache:clean
php bin/magento cache:flush4）后台登录需要双重验证
暴力方式先关了
php bin/magento module:disable Magento_TwoFactorAuth5）安装2.4.2版本报错：Declaration of Psr\Log\LoggerInterface\Proxy::emergency 问题解决
因为PHP兼容问题，会报错 \\Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy 的错误
2.7834 21909600 31. Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager->get($type = '\\Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/ObjectManager/Factory/AbstractFactory.php:170
2.7834 21909656 32. Magento\Framework\ObjectManager\Factory\Dynamic\Developer->create($requestedType = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy', $arguments = ???) /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/ObjectManager/ObjectManager.php:70
2.7834 21909656 33. Magento\Framework\Interception\ObjectManager\Config\Developer->getInstanceType($instanceName = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/ObjectManager/Factory/Dynamic/Developer.php:47
2.7834 21909656 34. Magento\Framework\Interception\Config\Config->hasPlugins($type = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/Interception/ObjectManager/Config/Developer.php:61
2.7834 21909656 35. Magento\Framework\Interception\Config\Config->_inheritInterception($type = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/Interception/Config/Config.php:180
2.7834 21910200 36. Magento\Framework\ObjectManager\Relations\Runtime->has($type = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/Interception/Config/Config.php:157
2.7834 21910200 37. class_exists($classname = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/ObjectManager/Relations/Runtime.php:38
2.7834 21910296 38. spl_autoload_call($class_name = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/ObjectManager/Relations/Runtime.php:38
2.7835 21910392 39. Magento\Framework\Code\Generator\Autoloader->load($className = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/ObjectManager/Relations/Runtime.php:38
2.7835 21910392 40. Magento\Framework\Code\Generator->generateClass($className = 'Psr\\Log\\LoggerInterface\\Proxy') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/Code/Generator/Autoloader.php:53
2.7848 21936400 41. Magento\Framework\Code\Generator\Io->includeFile($fileName = '/www/wwwroot/magento242/generated/code/Psr/Log/LoggerInterface/Proxy.php') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/Code/Generator.php:142
2.7850 21950144 42. include('/www/wwwroot/magento242/generated/code/Psr/Log/LoggerInterface/Proxy.php') /www/wwwroot/magento242/vendor/magento/framework/Code/Generator/Io.php:160修复方法参考 更新magento 2.4.2 错误 PHP Fatal error: Declaration of Psr\Log\LoggerInterface\Proxy::emergency 问题解决
6）Failed to initialize global composer: Composer could not find the config file: var/composer_home/composer.json
[Progress: 951 / 1206]
Module 'Magento_ComposerRootUpdatePlugin':
Running data recurring...Reading /www/wwwroot/magento240/composer.json
Loading config file /www/wwwroot/magento240/composer.json
Failed to initialize global composer: Composer could not find the config file: /www/wwwroot/magento240/var/composer_home/composer.json
To initialize a project, please create a composer.json file as described in the https://getcomposer.org/ "Getting Started" section
Reading /www/wwwroot/magento240/vendor/composer/installed.json
Reading /www/wwwroot/magento240/composer.lock
Checking for "magento/composer-root-update-plugin: 1.1.0" for the Web Setup Wizard...
Reading /www/wwwroot/magento240/var/vendor/magento/composer-root-update-plugin/composer.json
Loading config file /www/wwwroot/magento240/var/vendor/magento/composer-root-update-plugin/composer.json
No Web Setup Wizard update needed for magento/composer-root-update-plugin; version 1.1.0 is already in /www/wwwroot/magento240/var.
[Progress: 952 / 1206]
解决方法：
禁用magento/composer-root-update-plugin模块
php bin/magento module:disable Magento_ComposerRootUpdatePlugin或
直接删除 magento/composer-root-update-plugin 模块
composer remove magento/composer-root-update-plugin 
7）Missing following extensions: 'xsl'
Starting Magento installation:
File permissions check...
[Progress: 1 / 1206]
Required extensions check...
In Installer.php line 525:
Missing following extensions: 'xsl'
magento 需要下面这些PHP插件，打开php.ini文件开启对应的插件
ext-bcmath
ext-ctype
ext-curl
ext-dom
ext-gd
ext-hash
ext-iconv
ext-intl
ext-mbstring
ext-openssl
ext-pdo_mysql
ext-simplexml
ext-soap
ext-xsl
ext-zip