Django学习(一)

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环境搭建

安装环境

$ pip install virtualenv
$ virtualenv my_env
$ source my_env/bin/activate
$ pip install Django==2.0.5

image-20190526124442888

校验环境

>>> import django
>>> django.get_version()
'2.0.5'

校验环境

创建项目

$ django-admin startproject mysite

数据库初始化

$ python manage.py migrate

数据库初始化

运行Django

$ python manage.py runserver

运行

结果查看

访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/查看运行结果

image-20190526125508550

了解配置文件

需要了解部分添加了中文注释，其他部分之后再学习

"""
Django settings for mysite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.0.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '6#8iyxsrt!ssfw9&)@v-vtmos+tl+mc+!)!aib36160^5326mu'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
# 调试模式
# 开启/禁用当前项目的调试模式
# 设置为True：当程序抛出未捕获的异常时，Django会显示详细的错误页面。
DEBUG = True

# 当开启调试模式或执行测试的时候，不可用
# 当DEBUG设置为False的时候，需要将域/主机添加到此项，以允许它为Django站点服务。
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition
# 通知Django针对当前站点的哪一个应用程序处于活动状态
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',  # 管理站点
    'django.contrib.auth',  # 验证框架
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',  # 处理内容类型的框
    'django.contrib.sessions',  # 会话框架
    'django.contrib.messages',  # 消息机制框架
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',  # 管理静态文件的框架
]

# 中间件列表
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

# 定义了程序根URL路径
ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#databases
# 数据库设置，默认使用SQLite3
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True  # 启用/禁用时区支持

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'