可用性指南：设计过程与结果评估
1.4 在确定用户需求时包括用户
相关重要指数：5级
证据强度：3级
文件类型：指南
主题：
UCD流程-需求
指南：
涉及用户能提高用户需求的完整性和精准性。
注释：
以用户为中心的设计基本原则之一就是从早期开始并持续关注用户。为此，用户参与已成为可用系统开发中的一个广泛接受的原则了。涉及用户能在提高用户的完整性和精准性时获得最大价值。它对避免无用或没什么样的系统特征也是很有帮助的。用户能最大价值的帮助设计师知道系统应该做什么，但并不能帮助设计师确定系统做什么才是最好的。
资源：
1. Barki, H. & Hartwick, J. (1991). User participation and user involvement in information system development. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 487-492.
2. Baroudi, J.J., Olson, M.H., & Ives, B. (1986). An empirical study of the impact of user involvement on system usage and information satisfaction. Communications of the ACM, 29(3), 232-238.
3. Foster, S.T. & Franz, C.R. (1999). User involvement during information systems development: A comparison of analyst and user perceptions of system acceptance. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 16, 329-348.
4. Heinbokel, T., Sonnentag, S., Frese, M., Stolte, W. & Brodbeck, F.C. (1996). Don’t underestimate the problems of user centredness in software development projects: There are many. Behaviour and Information Technology, 15(4), 226-236.
5. Ives, B. & Olson, M. (1984). User involvement and MIS success: A review of the literature. Management Science, 30(5), 586-603.
6. Kujala, S. (2003). User involvement: A review of the benefits and challenges. Behaviour and Information Technology, 22(1), 1-16.
7. McKeen, J.D. & Guimaraes, T. (1997). Successful strategies for user participation in systems development. Journal of Management Information Systems, 14(2), 133-150.
相关资源：
1. Title: Learn about your users。Description: To design a site that works for you and your intended audiences, you have to know a lot about those audiences. They may be customers, consumers, researchers, or the public.
相关可用性指南：
1. Usability Guideline: Understand and Meet User's Expectations
名词解释：
1. 用户参与：user involvement，用户参与决策和评估问题，例如提供社区服务。直接用户参与：例如，服务用户直接参与决策。间接用户参与：这需要专业人员收集信息，以便为服务提供和发展提供信息。