Python PEP8 代码规范常见问题及解决方案
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Python PEP8 代码规范常见问题及解决方案
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Python函数绘图与高等代数互融实例(一):正弦函数与余弦函数
Python函数绘图与高等代数互融实例(二):闪点函数
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Python函数绘图与高等代数互融实例(五): 则线图综合案例
一: Python 的 EP8 代码规范P简介
所以将常见的 PEP8 代码规范问题和解决方法记录一下，学习一下，遇到了再持续更新，养成良好的习惯，编写规范的代码！
PEP 8: no newline at end of file
解决方法：代码末尾需要另起一行，光标移到最后回车即可PEP 8: indentation is not a multiple of four
解决方法：缩进不是4的倍数，检查缩进PEP 8: over-indented
解决方法：过度缩进，检查缩进PEP 8: missing whitespace after’,’
解决方法：逗号后面少了空格，添加空格即可，类似还有分号或者冒号后面少了空格PEP 8: multiple imports on one line
解决方法：不要在一句 import 中引用多个库，举例：import socket, urllib.error最好写成：import socket import urllib.errorPEP 8: blank line at end of line
解决方法：代码末尾行多了空格，删除空格即可PEP 8: at least two spaces before inline comment
解决方法：代码与注释之间至少要有两个空格PEP 8: block comment should start with ‘#’
解决方法：注释要以#加一个空格开始PEP 8: inline comment should start with ‘#’
解决方法：注释要以#加一个空格开始PEP 8: module level import not at top of file
解决方法：import不在文件的最上面，可能之前还有其它代码PEP 8: expected 2 blank lines，found 0
解决方法：需要两条空白行，添加两个空白行即可PEP 8: function name should be lowercase
解决方法：函数名改成小写即可PEP 8: missing whitespace around operator
解决方法：操作符（’=’、’>’、’<'等）前后缺少空格，加上即可PEP 8: unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals
解决方法：关键字/参数等号周围出现意外空格，去掉空格即可PEP 8: multiple statements on one line (colon)
解决方法：多行语句写到一行了，比如：if x == 2: print('OK')要分成两行写PEP 8: line too long (82 > 79 characters)
解决方法：超过了每行的最大长度限制79PEP 8: Simplify chained comparison
可简化连锁比较（例如：if a >= 0 and a <= 9: 可以简写为：if 0 <= a <= 9:）如果想要选择性忽略PEP8代码风格的警告信息可以使用以下方法：（养成良好的习惯，编写规范的代码！不推荐忽略！）
①将鼠标移到出现警告信息的地方，按 alt+Enter，选择忽略（Ignore）这个错误即可：
②依次选择 File - Settings - Editor - Inspections，在 Python下找到 PEP8 coding style violation 选项，在右下角的 Ignore errors 里点击加号可以添加需要忽略的警告信息ID（ID信息见后面附录），例如想要忽略indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs这个警告，只需要添加其ID：E101 即可
附录：全部警告信息以及对应的ID，官方地址：https://pep8.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html#error-codes
code sample message
E1 Indentation
E101 indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs
E111 indentation is not a multiple of four
E112 expected an indented block
E113 unexpected indentation
E114 indentation is not a multiple of four (comment)
E115 expected an indented block (comment)
E116 unexpected indentation (comment)
E117 over-indented
E121 (*^) continuation line under-indented for hanging indent
E122 (^) continuation line missing indentation or outdented
E123 (*) closing bracket does not match indentation of opening bracket’s line
E124 (^) closing bracket does not match visual indentation
E125 (^) continuation line with same indent as next logical line
E126 (*^) continuation line over-indented for hanging indent
E127 (^) continuation line over-indented for visual indent
E128 (^) continuation line under-indented for visual indent
E129 (^) visually indented line with same indent as next logical line
E131 (^) continuation line unaligned for hanging indent
E133 (*) closing bracket is missing indentation
E2 Whitespace
E201 whitespace after ‘(‘
E202 whitespace before ‘)’
E203 whitespace before ‘:’
E211 whitespace before ‘(‘
E221 multiple spaces before operator
E222 multiple spaces after operator
E223 tab before operator
E224 tab after operator
E225 missing whitespace around operator
E226 (*) missing whitespace around arithmetic operator
E227 missing whitespace around bitwise or shift operator
E228 missing whitespace around modulo operator
E231 missing whitespace after ‘,’, ‘;’, or ‘:’
E241 (*) multiple spaces after ‘,’
E242 (*) tab after ‘,’
E251 unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals
E261 at least two spaces before inline comment
E262 inline comment should start with ‘# ‘
E265 block comment should start with ‘# ‘
E266 too many leading ‘#’ for block comment
E271 multiple spaces after keyword
E272 multiple spaces before keyword
E273 tab after keyword
E274 tab before keyword
E275 missing whitespace after keyword
E3 Blank line
E301 expected 1 blank line, found 0
E302 expected 2 blank lines, found 0
E303 too many blank lines (3)
E304 blank lines found after function decorator
E305 expected 2 blank lines after end of function or class
E306 expected 1 blank line before a nested definition
E4 Import
E401 multiple imports on one line
E402 module level import not at top of file
E5 Line length
E501 (^) line too long (82 > 79 characters)
E502 the backslash is redundant between brackets
E7 Statement
E701 multiple statements on one line (colon)
E702 multiple statements on one line (semicolon)
E703 statement ends with a semicolon
E704 (*) multiple statements on one line (def)
E711 (^) comparison to None should be ‘if cond is None:’
E712 (^) comparison to True should be ‘if cond is True:’ or ‘if cond:’
E713 test for membership should be ‘not in’
E714 test for object identity should be ‘is not’
E721 (^) do not compare types, use ‘isinstance()’
E722 do not use bare except, specify exception instead
E731 do not assign a lambda expression, use a def
E741 do not use variables named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
E742 do not define classes named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
E743 do not define functions named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’
E9 Runtime
E901 SyntaxError or IndentationError
E902 IOError
W1 Indentation warning
W191 indentation contains tabs
W2 Whitespace warning
W291 trailing whitespace
W292 no newline at end of file
W293 blank line contains whitespace
W3 Blank line warning
W391 blank line at end of file
W5 Line break warning
W503 (*) line break before binary operator
W504 (*) line break after binary operator
W505 (*^) doc line too long (82 > 79 characters)
W6 Deprecation warning
W601 .has_key() is deprecated, use ‘in’
W602 deprecated form of raising exception
W603 ‘<>’ is deprecated, use ‘!=’
W604 backticks are deprecated, use ‘repr()’
W605 invalid escape sequence ‘x’
W606 ‘async’ and ‘await’ are reserved keywords starting with Python 3.7
二: PEP 8: E101 indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs 解决方案
如上图由于不规范的缩进,PyCharm工具自动识别到缩进包含多个空格或制表位,导致不符合 EP8 代码规范,警告信息: PEP 8: E101 indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs
通常有两种解决方式:
2.1: 划线部分的代码,缩进一个tab制表位,或者两个制表位:
2.2: file-->setting-->检索框中输入PEP 8,然后去掉下图箭头所指的两个复选框即可---》确认即可
