一、5大基本概念（主谓宾表状）
1.主语
2.谓语=动词
实意动词：有实际意义的动词
系动词：BE动词+BE DOING/ BEEN DONE
助动词: be, have has had, do does,will
情态动词: can may could should would
3.宾语: 实意动词后面的
4.表语：系动词后面的
5.状语：除了主语，谓语，宾语，表语的，都是状语。
二、5大基本句型
1. 主+谓
2.主+谓+宾
3.主+谓+宾+宾 （加上is am are逻辑不成立）
4.主+谓+宾+宾补（加上is am are逻辑成立）
5.主+系+表（系动词is am are/或者 turn prove taste,stay,become,fall, lie）
举例：主谓宾宾：She bought her a dress
主谓宾补：I heard someone calling for help
主系表：His idea is right/ proves right
His advice proved right/ The shop stays open till 8 o'clock/ The machine went wrong/ All these efforts seem in vain/ The room soon became crowded/ The days are getting longer and longer/ He fell ill yesterday/ Trees trun green in spring/ What you said sounds great/ He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious/The book still lies open on the desk.
三、名词性从句
一个句子充当了名词，就是名词性从句。有可能作为主语，宾语，表语，同位语，那就分别是主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句；名词性从句可能出现在 陈述句，一般疑问句和特殊疑问句中。
句子变成名词性从句的规则如下：that, if/whether, 疑问词
1、陈述句：that+陈述句，构成名词性从句
2、一般疑问句：if/whether+陈述句，构成名词性从句
3、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+陈述句，构成名词性从句
特殊疑问词：what, which , who ,whom, where, when, whose, why,how...
①主语从句举例：
That Yaoming is tall is a fact; 陈述句
Whether you take full use of time determins your achivement; 一般疑问句
what you said doesn't matter.特殊疑问句
②宾语从句举例：
I tell her that I like her; 陈述句
I want to know if you will come to GZ tomorrow; 一般疑问句
I wonder who will teach us;特殊疑问句
③表语从句举例：
My opinion is that Yaoming is tall 陈述句；
My question is whehter you will go to GZ tomorrow.一般疑问句；
My question is whose car it is. 特殊疑问句
④同位语从句举例：
The opinion that Yaoming is tall is right 陈述句；
The question whether you will come to GZ tomorrow bothers me一般疑问句；
The question why you are so clever interests me.特殊疑问句
四、练习句子
What he does is important.
I don't like what he does every day.
This is what he does every day.
I don't konw the fact that he is a teacher.
I wonder who will teach us.
Mr. Wang asked whose book that was.
The news that we won the game is exciting.
You can do what you think is right.
Whoever smokes here will be punished.
Whatever you say is of no use now.
You can take whatever you like.
Whatever he likes will be given to him.
Lily wanted to know if her gandma liked the handbag.
It all depends o whether she likes the boss or not.
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
I have heard that he will come tomorrow.
His brother asks when he will go to the library.
I don't know what he wants to buy
Can you tell me who we are going to meet?
Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ?
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan?
Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday?
Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?
I don't know how far it is to the cinema.
Please tell us how many students there are in your school
Can you tell us how old his brother is?
Please tell us how soon you will be ready.