1. 外阴的微生物定植来源于皮肤、阴道、尿道和肛门
尽管外阴由多种结构组成，每种结构都可能有不同的菌群，但仅有定居在阴唇、大阴唇和小阴唇上的群落被进行了调查，而且调查的范围非常有限。由于靠近肛门、阴道和尿道的外部开口，这些部位的菌群成员经常出现在外阴。
阴部上最常见的细菌是金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮杆菌。与大多数其他皮肤区域不同，乳酸杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌也经常出现。
会阴是另一个皮肤区域，与阴部一样，阴道（例如乳酸杆菌）和尿道中的微生物也在会阴定植。此外，由于其靠近肛门，其菌群还包含来自胃肠道（GIT）的微生物，如大肠杆菌、其他肠杆菌科和肠球菌。
典型的皮肤微生物（CNS和棒状杆菌属）经常从大阴唇分离出来，但与阴唇和会阴一样，阴道和尿道微生物也经常存在于菌群中。一项对大阴唇菌群的培养性研究报告了大致相似的结果，即乳酸杆菌和CNS是主要的微生物。
2. 小阴唇的菌群与阴道的菌群相似
小阴唇的菌群与阴道的菌群相似，具有相似的群落类型。最常检测到的群落类型是以L.iners和L.crispatus为主。然而，小阴唇的菌群往往比阴道菌群呈现更高的多样性和丰富性，这可能是胃肠道中存在的微生物（由于在肛门附近），以及皮肤菌群的成员导致。某些属（慢反应脂肪酸菌属[Segniliparus]、默多克菌[Murdochiella]和梭杆菌属[Fusobacterium]）在小阴唇上比阴道中更常见。
女性生殖系统菌群系列：
1.女性生殖系统主要结构：
【女性生殖系统菌群之一】女性生殖系统结构、生理与内环境
2.女性生殖系统检测到的微生物：
【女性生殖系统菌群之二】生殖系统菌群受年龄和系统生理学变化的影响
【女性生殖系统菌群之二】女性性成熟时期生殖系统菌群
【女性生殖系统菌群之二】阴道菌群群落状态及类型
【女性生殖系统菌群之二】影响阴道菌群和群落特征的因素
【女性生殖系统菌群之二】阴道真菌、病毒以及宫颈菌群
【女性生殖系统菌群之二】子宫微生物 or 菌群？
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