java部分常见错误示例

Java中较为复杂和常见的错误示例,包括运行后的错误信息以及修复方法:

1. 空指针异常(NullPointerException)

String text = null;
int length = text.length();  // 运行后会抛出 NullPointerException

错误信息:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
    at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)

修复方法:在使用变量前,检查其是否为null。

String text = null;
if (text != null) {
    int length = text.length();
} else {
    System.out.println("text is null");
}

2. 数组越界异常(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException)

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};
int value = numbers[3];  // 运行后会抛出 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

错误信息:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
    at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)

修复方法:确保访问的数组索引在有效范围内。

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};
if (numbers.length > 3) {
    int value = numbers[3];
} else {
    System.out.println("Invalid index");
}

3. 类型转换异常(ClassCastException)

Object obj = "Hello";
Integer num = (Integer) obj;  // 运行后会抛出 ClassCastException

错误信息:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.lang.String cannot be cast to class java.lang.Integer
    at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)

修复方法:确保对象可以进行类型转换。

Object obj = "Hello";
if (obj instanceof Integer) {
    Integer num = (Integer) obj;
} else {
    System.out.println("Cannot cast to Integer");
}

4. 除零异常(ArithmeticException)

int result = 5 / 0;  // 运行后会抛出 ArithmeticException

错误信息:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
    at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)

修复方法:避免除数为零。

int divisor = 2;
if (divisor != 0) {
    int result = 5 / divisor;
} else {
    System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero");
}

5. 文件未找到异常(FileNotFoundException)

File file = new File("nonexistent.txt");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file);  // 运行后会抛出 FileNotFoundException

错误信息:

Exception in thread "main" java.io.FileNotFoundException: nonexistent.txt (No such file or directory)
    at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.open(FileInputStream.java:220)
    at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.(FileInputStream.java:158)
    at java.base/java.util.Scanner.(Scanner.java:639)
    at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)

修复方法:确保文件存在或捕获异常。

File file = new File("nonexistent.txt");
try {
    Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file);
    // 读取文件内容
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    System.out.println("File not found: " + e.getMessage());
}

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