JavaScript解构赋值介绍

JavaScript解构赋值介绍

JavaScript解构赋值是一种简化变量赋值的语法,允许从数组或对象中提取数据并将其赋值给变量。【https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment】

1.数组解构赋值

let  numbers = [1, 2, 3];
let  [a, b, c] = numbers;
console.log(b); // 输出: 2
console.log(a, b, c); // 输出: 1 2 3

2.对象解构赋值

let person = {
  name: 'Alice',
  age: 25,
  gender: 'female'
};
let { name, age, gender } = person;
console.log(name, age, gender); //  输出: Alice 25 female

3.解构赋值时还可以给变量设置默认值,可以通过指定默认值来处理不存在的变量

let arr = [1, 2];
let [x, y, z = 3] = arr;
console.log(x, y, z); // 输出: 1 2 3

4.JavaScript的解构赋值不仅可以用于简单的数组和对象,还可以用于嵌套的结构、函数参数和返回值的解构。
☆ 嵌套结构的解构赋值:

let nestedObj = {  
  outer: {  
    inner: {  
      value: 42  
    }  
  }  
};
let { outer: { inner: { value } } } = nestedObj;  
console.log(value); // 输出 42  

☆ 函数参数的解构赋值:

function greet({ name, age }) {  
  console.log(`Hello, my name is ${name} and I am ${age} years old.`);  
}
greet({ name: "Alice", age: 30 }); // 输出 "Hello, my name is Alice and I am 30 years old."  

☆ 函数返回值的解构赋值:

function getFullName({ firstName, lastName }) {  
  return {  
    fullName: `${firstName} ${lastName}`  
  };  
}
const { fullName } = getFullName({ firstName: "John", lastName: "Doe" });  
console.log(fullName); // 输出 "John Doe"  

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