1.创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小 为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录
1.准备两个10G的分区
[root@centos6 ~]lsblk
...
sdb 8:16 0 60G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 10G 0 part
...
2.创建pv
[root@centos6 ~] pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@centos6 ~] pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
3.创建vg
[root@centos6 ~]vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sdb{1,2}
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@centos6 ~] pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 testvg lvm2 a--u 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdb2 testvg lvm2 a--u 10.00g 10.00g
[root@centos6 ~] vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
testvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 20.00g 20.00g
4.创建lv和文件系统
[root@centos6 ~]lvcreate -n testlv -L 5G testvg
Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@centos6 ~]lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-a----- 5.00g
[root@centos6 ~]mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5.创建/users目录，修改/etc/fstab并挂载
[root@centos6 ~]mkdir /users
[root@centos6 ~]blkid
...
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv: UUID="32bd3d97-003a-4d2a-8e8e-e7ebe4decfe0" TYPE="ext4"
[root@centos6 ~]vim /etc/fstab
在最后添加一行
UUID="32bd3d97-003a-4d2a-8e8e-e7ebe4decfe0" /users ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@centos6 ~]mount -a
[root@centos6 ~]lsblk
...
sdb 8:16 0 60G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
│ └─testvg-testlv (dm-0) 253:0 0 5G 0 lvm /users
└─sdb2 8:18 0 10G 0 part
...
2.新建用户archlinux，要求其家目录为/users/archlinux，而后su切换至 archlinux用户，复制/etc/pam.d目录至自己的家目录
1.创建用户和复制pam.d
[root@centos6 ~]useradd -d /users/archlinux archlinux
[root@centos6 ~]su - archlinux
[archlinux@centos6 ~]pwd
/users/archlinux
[archlinux@centos6 ~]cp -a /etc/pam.d .
2.比较大小查看是否完整完整复制
[archlinux@centos6 ~]du -sh /users/archlinux/pam.d /etc/pam.d
236K /users/archlinux/pam.d
236K /etc/pam.d
3.扩展testlv至7G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
1.扩展
[root@centos6 ~]lvresize -r -L +2G /dev/testvg/testlv
Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 5.00 GiB (320 extents) to 7.00 GiB (448 extents).
Logical volume testlv successfully resized.
[root@centos6 ~]lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 7.00g
2.检查文件是否丢失
[root@centos6 ~]su - archlinux
[archlinux@centos6 ~]pwd
/users/archlinux
[archlinux@centos6 ~]du -sh /users/archlinux/pam.d /etc/pam.d
236K /users/archlinux/pam.d
236K /etc/pam.d
4.收缩testlv至3G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
1.收缩
[root@centos6 ~]umount /dev/testvg/testlv
[root@centos6 ~]e2fsck -f /dev/testvg/testlv
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/testvg/testlv: 84/458752 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 64515/1835008 blocks
[root@centos6 ~]resize2fs /dev/testvg/testlv 3G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv to 786432 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv is now 786432 blocks long.
[root@centos6 ~]lvreduce -L 3G /dev/testvg/testlv
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 3.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce testvg/testlv? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 7.00 GiB (448 extents) to 3.00 GiB (192 extents).
Logical volume testlv successfully resized.
[root@centos6 ~]mount -a
[root@centos6 ~]lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 3.00g
2.检查文件是否丢失
[root@centos6 ~]su - archlinux
[archlinux@centos6 ~]pwd
/users/archlinux
[archlinux@centos6 ~]du -sh /users/archlinux/pam.d /etc/pam.d
236K /users/archlinux/pam.d
236K /etc/pam.d
5.对testlv创建快照，并尝试基于快照备份数据，验证快照的功能
1.创建快照并挂载
[root@centos6 ~]lvcreate -L 2G -s -n testlv-snapshot -p r /dev/testvg/testlv
Logical volume "testlv-snapshot" created.
[root@centos6 ~]mkdir /mnt/snap
[root@centos6 ~]mount -o ro /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot /mnt/snap
[root@centos6 ~]lsblk
...
sdb 8:16 0 60G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
│ ├─testvg-testlv-real (dm-1) 253:1 0 3G 0 lvm
│ │ ├─testvg-testlv (dm-0) 253:0 0 3G 0 lvm /users
│ │ └─testvg-testlv--snapshot (dm-3) 253:3 0 3G 1 lvm /mnt/snap
│ └─testvg-testlv--snapshot-cow (dm-2) 253:2 0 2G 1 lvm
│ └─testvg-testlv--snapshot (dm-3) 253:3 0 3G 1 lvm /mnt/snap
└─sdb2 8:18 0 10G 0 part
2.测试快照
[root@centos6 ~]ll /users /mnt/snap
/mnt/snap:
total 20
drwx------. 5 archlinux archlinux 4096 Feb 21 09:28 archlinux
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Feb 21 09:03 lost+found
/users:
total 20
drwx------. 5 archlinux archlinux 4096 Feb 21 09:28 archlinux
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Feb 21 09:03 lost+found
[root@centos6 ~]rm -rf /users/archlinux/
[root@centos6 ~]ll /users /mnt/snap
/mnt/snap:
total 20
drwx------. 5 archlinux archlinux 4096 Feb 21 09:28 archlinux
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Feb 21 09:03 lost+found
/users:
total 16
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Feb 21 09:03 lost+found
[root@centos6 ~]umount /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot
[root@centos6 ~]umount /dev/testvg/testlv
[root@centos6 ~]lvconvert --merge /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot
Merging of volume testlv-snapshot started.
testlv: Merged: 100.0%
testlv: Merged: 100.0%
Merge of snapshot into logical volume testlv has finished.
Logical volume "testlv-snapshot" successfully removed
[root@centos6 ~]mount -a
[root@centos6 ~]ls /users
archlinux lost+found
6.写一个脚本，完成如下功能:
(1) 列出当前系统识别到的所有磁盘设备
(2) 如磁盘数量为1，则显示其空间使用信息 否则，则显示最后一个磁盘上的空间使用信息
1.编写脚本
[root@centos6 ~]vim listAllDisk.sh
#!/bin/bash
fdisk -l
reg='[sh]d[a-z]'
diskNum=`fdisk -l /dev/${reg} | grep -o "Disk /dev/${reg}" | wc -l`
[ $diskNum -eq 1 ] && fdisk -l [sh]da || fdisk -l `fdisk -l /dev/${reg} | grep -o "Disk /dev/${reg}" | tail -1 | cut -d' ' -f2`
2.执行脚本
[root@centos6 bin]listAllDisk.sh
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000df04f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 6505 51200000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6505 10330 30720000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 10330 26109 126745600 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 10330 10591 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x54eb43f6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1307 2612 10490445 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
以下是最后一个磁盘上的空间使用信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x54eb43f6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1307 2612 10490445 83 Linux
7.创建一个可用空间为1G的RAID1设备，文件系统为ext4，有一个空闲盘，开机可自动挂载至/backup目录
1.准备三个1G的分区
[root@centos6 ~]lsblk
...
sdb 8:16 0 60G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb3 8:19 0 1G 0 part
2.创建
[root@centos6 ~]mdadm -C /dev/md0 -n 2 -l 1 -a yes -x 1 /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
[root@centos6 ~]mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
[root@centos6 ~]mdadm -D -s >> /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@centos6 ~]mkdir /backup
[root@centos6 ~]blkid
...
/dev/sdb1: UUID="79104bf9-d200-1e84-7371-2a7817a67a87" UUID_SUB="6b7d5ac5-9c4b-23ae-d200-ba84e20c7258" LABEL="centos6.xm11211:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="79104bf9-d200-1e84-7371-2a7817a67a87" UUID_SUB="99ee0abb-f130-66c2-8ca4-165c50b9ca33" LABEL="centos6.xm11211:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="79104bf9-d200-1e84-7371-2a7817a67a87" UUID_SUB="11cc4774-0b52-ff29-f415-e3dd5d5f24aa" LABEL="centos6.xm11211:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/md0: UUID="01fa1870-423d-4878-a7b6-d866c2f3b87f" TYPE="ext4"
[root@centos6 ~]vim /etc/fstab
在最后添加一行
UUID=01fa1870-423d-4878-a7b6-d866c2f3b87f /backup ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@centos6 ~]mount -a
[root@centos6 ~]lsblk
sdb 8:16 0 60G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1G 0 raid1 /backup
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1G 0 raid1 /backup
└─sdb3 8:19 0 1G 0 part
└─md0 9:0 0 1G 0 raid1 /backup