从标准输入中读入一个英文单词及查找方式,在一个给定的英文常用单词字典文件dictionary3000.txt中查找该单词,返回查找结果(查找到返回1,否则返回0)和查找过程中单词的比较次数。
实现查找的4种方法:
1、在单词表中以顺序查找方式查找,因为单词表已排好序,遇到相同的或第一个比待查找的单词大的单词,就要终止查找;
2、在单词表中以折半查找方式查找;
3、在单词表中通过索引表来获取单词查找范围,并在该查找范围中以折半方式查找。索引表构建方式为:以26个英文字母为头字母的单词在字典中的起始位置和单词个数来构建索引表,如:
4、按下面给定的hash函数为字典中单词构造一个hash表,hash冲突时按字典序依次存放单词。hash查找遇到冲突时,采用链地址法处理,在冲突链表中找到或未找到(遇到第一个比待查找的单词大的单词或链表结束)便结束查找。
/* compute hash value for string */
#define NHASH 3001
#define MULT 37
unsigned int hash(char *str)
{
unsigned int h=0;
char *p;
for(p=str; *p!='\0'; p++)
h = MULT*h + *p;
return h % NHASH;
}
提示:hash表可以构建成指针数组,hash冲突的单词形成一有序链表。
环境:VS2019
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include
#include
#include
#define NHASH 3001
#define MULT 37
int Nth = 0; //全局变量记录查找次数
int maintag = 0; //主标记,作为是否查找到该数值的标记
struct wordStack { //存储dictionary的每个单词
char word[20];
};
struct hashWord { //作为建立Hash表的主链,也可以作为冲突时单词链表节点
char word[20];
int tag;
hashWord* next;
};
//直接法按顺序查找
void sequentialSearch(wordStack* base, wordStack* top, char theword[]) {
wordStack* head = base;
while (head != top) {
Nth++;
int ans = strcmp(head->word, theword);
if (ans < 0)
head++;
else {
if (ans == 0)
maintag = 1;
break;
}
}
}
//二分法查找
void binarySearch(wordStack* base, wordStack* top, char theword[]) {
int sum = top - base;
wordStack* head = base;
wordStack* last = top - 1;
wordStack* mid = head + (sum - 1) / 2;;
while (head <= last) {
Nth++;
sum = sum / 2;
int ans2 = strcmp(mid->word, theword);
if (ans2 == 0) {
maintag = 1;
break;
}
else {
if (ans2 > 0)
last = mid - 1;
else
head = mid + 1;
mid = base + ((head - base) + (last - base)) / 2;
}
}
}
//建立索引查找的索引表,当n>0索引表起始位置min=index[n-1],终止位置max=index[n]
int* makeIndexLibrary(wordStack* base, wordStack* top) {
int index[26] = { 0 };
wordStack* head = base;
while (head != top)
index[head++->word[0] - 'a']++;
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
sum += index[i];
index[i] = sum;
}
return index;
}
//按照首字母索引进行查找。根据索引表,根据要查找单词首字母的索引区间进二分查找
void indexSearch(wordStack* base, wordStack* top, char theword[]) {
int* index = makeIndexLibrary(base, top);
int n = theword[0] - 'a';
int max = index[n];
int min = 0;
min = n == 0 ? 0 : index[n - 1];
wordStack* findbase = base + min;
wordStack* findtop = base + max;
binarySearch(findbase, findtop, theword);
}
//得到Hash索引位置num
unsigned int hashNum(char str[]) {//unsigned int很重要
unsigned int num = 0;
char* p;
for (p = str; *p != '\0'; p++)
num = MULT * num + *p;
num = num % NHASH;
return num;
}
//Hash索引冲突时,传入存储的单词链表首地址,进行链表顺序查找
int sequantialListSearch(hashWord* thehead, char cmpword[]) {
int tag = 0;
hashWord* head = thehead;
while (head) {
Nth++;
int ans = strcmp(head->word, cmpword);
if (ans < 0)
head = head->next;
else {
if (ans == 0)
tag = 1;
break;
}
}
return tag;
}
//根据单词列表创建Hash表,其中注意对Hash堆进行初始化
hashWord* makeHashLibrary(wordStack* base, wordStack* top) {
hashWord* hashbase = (hashWord*)malloc(sizeof(hashWord) * NHASH);
//初始化很重要
//标记说明:没有存储单词的节点tag=-1;存储一个单词的tag=0;存在单词冲突的tag=1
for (int i = 0; i < NHASH; i++) {
(hashbase + i)->tag = -1;
(hashbase + i)->next = nullptr;
(hashbase + i)->word[0] = '\0';
}
hashWord* hashtop = hashbase;
wordStack* wordhead = base;
while (wordhead != top) {
char str[20];
strcpy(str, wordhead++->word);
int num = hashNum(str);
hashWord* current = hashbase + num;
if (current->tag == -1) {
strcpy(current->word, str);
current->tag = 0;
current->next = nullptr;
}
else {
//如果hash冲突,以当前堆节点为链表头指针,找到尾部,插入节点
current->tag = 1;
hashWord* hashadd = (hashWord*)malloc(sizeof(hashWord)); //初始化很重要
strcpy(hashadd->word, str);
hashadd->next = nullptr;
hashWord* headt = current;
while (headt->next)
headt = headt->next;
headt->next = hashadd;
}
}
return hashbase;
}
//打印显示建立的Hash表
void printHashTable(hashWord* hashbase) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3001; i++) {
printf("%4d:", i);
if ((hashbase + i)->tag == 1) {
hashWord* head = hashbase + i;
while (head) {
printf("%s ", head->word);
head = head->next;
}
printf("\n");
}
else printf("%s\n", (hashbase + i)->word);
}
}
//进行Hash查找
void hashSearch(wordStack* base, wordStack* top, char theword[]) {
hashWord* hashbase = makeHashLibrary(base, top);
printHashTable(hashbase);
int num = hashNum(theword);
//printf("num:::::%d\n", num);
hashWord* current = hashbase + num;
if (current->tag == 0) {
Nth++;
printf("\n%s %s\n", current->word, theword);
int ans = strcmp(current->word, theword);
if (ans == 0)
maintag = 1;
}
else if(current->tag==1)
maintag = sequantialListSearch(current, theword);
}
int main() {
FILE* fpin = fopen("dictionary3000.txt", "r");
wordStack* base = (wordStack*)malloc(sizeof(wordStack) * 3500);
wordStack* top = base;
//按行读取单词,包括'\n'
while (!feof(fpin)) {
fgets(top->word, 20, fpin);
if(top->word[strlen(top->word) - 1]=='\n')
top->word[strlen(top->word) - 1] = '\0';
top++;
}
fclose(fpin);
/*wordStack* head = base;
while (head != top)
printf("%s\n", head++->word);*/
char searword[20];
scanf("%s", searword);
int method = 0;
scanf("%d", &method);
switch (method) {
case 1: sequentialSearch(base, top, searword); break;
case 2: binarySearch(base, top, searword); break;
case 3: indexSearch(base, top, searword); break;
case 4: hashSearch(base, top, searword); break;
}
printf("%d %d", maintag, Nth);
}
dictionary3000.txt
a
abandon
abandoned
ability
able
about
above
abroad
absence
absent
absolute
absolutely
absorb
abuse
academic
accent
accept
acceptable
access
accident
accidental
accidentally
accommodation
accompany
according
account
accurate
accurately
accuse
achieve
achievement
acid
acknowledge
acquire
across
act
action
active
actively
activity
actor
actual
actually
ad
adapt
add
addition
additional
address
adequate
adequately
adjust
admiration
admire
admit
adopt
adult
advance
advanced
advantage
adventure
advertise
advertisement
advertising
advice
advise
affair
affect
affection
afford
afraid
after
afternoon
afterwards
again
against
age
aged
agency
agent
aggressive
ago
agree
agreement
ahead
aid
aim
air
aircraft
airport
alarm
alarmed
alarming
alcohol
alcoholic
alive
all
allied
allow
ally
almost
alone
along
alongside
aloud
alphabet
alphabetical
alphabetically
already
also
alter
alternative
alternatively
although
altogether
always
am
amaze
amazed
amazing
ambition
ambulance
among
amount
amuse
amused
amusing
an
analyse
analysis
ancient
and
anger
angle
angrily
angry
animal
ankle
anniversary
announce
annoy
annoyed
annoying
annual
annually
another
answer
anti
anticipate
anxiety
anxious
anxiously
any
anyone
anything
anyway
anywhere
apart
apartment
apologize
apparent
apparently
appeal
appear
appearance
apple
application
apply
appoint
appointment
appreciate
approach
appropriate
approval
approve
approving
approximate
approximately
april
area
argue
argument
arise
arm
armed
arms
army
around
arrange
arrangement
arrest
arrival
arrive
arrow
art
article
artificial
artificially
artist
artistic
as
ashamed
aside
ask
asleep
aspect
assist
assistance
assistant
associate
associated
association
assume
assure
at
atmosphere
atom
attach
attached
attack
attempt
attempted
attend
attention
attitude
attorney
attract
attraction
attractive
audience
august
aunt
author
authority
automatic
automatically
autumn
available
average
avoid
awake
award
aware
away
awful
awfully
awkward
awkwardly
baby
back
background
backward
backwards
bacteria
bad
badly
badtempered
bag
baggage
bake
balance
ball
ban
band
bandage
bank
bar
bargain
barrier
base
based
basic
basically
basis
bath
bathroom
battery
battle
bay
be
beach
beak
bear
beard
beat
beautiful
beautifully
beauty
because
become
bed
bedroom
beef
beer
before
begin
beginning
behalf
behave
behaviour
behind
belief
believe
bell
belong
below
belt
bend
beneath
benefit
bent
beside
bet
better
betting
between
beyond
bicycle
bid
big
bill
bin
biology
bird
birth
birthday
biscuit
bit
bite
bitter
bitterly
black
blade
blame
blank
blankly
blind
block
blonde
blood
blow
blue
board
boat
body
boil
bomb
bone
book
boot
border
bore
bored
boring
born
borrow
boss
both
bother
bottle
bottom
bound
bowl
box
boy
boyfriend
brain
branch
brand
brave
bread
break
breakfast
breast
breath
breathe
breathing
breed
brick
bridge
brief
briefly
bright
brightly
brilliant
bring
broad
broadcast
broadly
broken
brother
brown
brush
bubble
budget
build
building
bullet
bunch
burn
burnt
burst
bury
bus
bush
business
businessman
busy
but
butter
button
buy
buyer
by
bye
cabinet
cable
cake
calculate
calculation
call
calm
calmly
camera
camp
campaign
camping
can
cancel
cancer
candidate
candy
cannot
cap
capable
capacity
capital
captain
capture
car
card
cardboard
care
career
careful
carefully
careless
carelessly
carpet
carrot
carry
case
cash
cast
castle
cat
catch
category
cause
cd
cease
ceiling
celebrate
celebration
cell
cellphone
cent
centimetre
central
centre
century
ceremony
certain
certainly
certificate
chain
chair
chairman
challenge
chamber
chance
change
channel
chapter
character
characteristic
charge
charity
chart
chase
chat
cheap
cheaply
cheat
check
cheek
cheerful
cheerfully
cheese
chemical
chemist
chemistry
cheque
chest
chew
chicken
chief
child
chin
chip
chocolate
choice
choose
chop
church
cigarette
cinema
circle
circumstance
citizen
city
civil
claim
clap
class
classic
classroom
clean
clear
clearly
clerk
clever
click
client
climate
climb
climbing
clock
close
closed
closely
closet
cloth
clothes
clothing
cloud
club
cm
coach
coal
coast
coat
code
coffee
coin
cold
coldly
collapse
colleague
collect
collection
college
colour
coloured
column
combination
combine
come
comedy
comfort
comfortable
comfortably
command
comment
commercial
commission
commit
commitment
committee
common
commonly
communicate
communication
community
company
compare
comparison
compete
competition
competitive
complain
complaint
complete
completely
complex
complicate
complicated
computer
concentrate
concentration
concept
concern
concerned
concerning
concert
conclude
conclusion
concrete
condition
conduct
conference
confidence
confident
confidently
confine
confined
confirm
conflict
confront
confuse
confused
confusing
confusion
congratulations
congress
connect
connection
conscious
consequence
conservative
consider
considerable
considerably
consideration
consist
constant
constantly
construct
construction
consult
consumer
contact
contain
container
contemporary
content
contest
context
continent
continue
continuous
continuously
contract
contrast
contrasting
contribute
contribution
control
controlled
convenient
convention
conventional
conversation
convert
convince
cook
cooker
cookie
cooking
cool
cope
copy
core
corner
correct
correctly
cost
cottage
cotton
cough
coughing
could
council
count
counter
country
countryside
county
couple
courage
course
court
cousin
cover
covered
covering
cow
crack
cracked
craft
crash
crazy
cream
create
creature
credit
crime
criminal
crisis
crisp
criterion
critical
criticism
criticize
crop
cross
crowd
crowded
crown
crucial
cruel
crush
cry
ct
cultural
culture
cup
cupboard
curb
cure
curious
curiously
curl
curly
current
currently
curtain
curve
curved
custom
customer
customs
cut
cycle
cycling
dad
daily
damage
damp
dance
dancer
dancing
danger
dangerous
dare
dark
data
date
daughter
day
dead
deaf
deal
dear
death
debate
debt
decade
decay
december
decide
decision
declare
decline
decorate
decoration
decorative
decrease
deep
deeply
defeat
defence
defend
define
definite
definitely
definition
degree
delay
deliberate
deliberately
delicate
delight
delighted
deliver
delivery
demand
demonstrate
dentist
deny
department
departure
depend
deposit
depress
depressed
depressing
depth
derive
describe
description
desert
deserted
deserve
design
desire
desk
desperate
desperately
despite
destroy
destruction
detail
detailed
determination
determine
determined
develop
development
device
devote
devoted
diagram
diamond
diary
dictionary
die
diet
difference
different
differently
difficult
difficulty
dig
dinner
direct
direction
directly
director
dirt
dirty
disabled
disadvantage
disagree
disagreement
disappear
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
disapproval
disapprove
disapproving
disaster
disc
discipline
discount
discover
discovery
discuss
discussion
disease
disgust
disgusted
disgusting
dish
dishonest
dishonestly
disk
dislike
dismiss
display
dissolve
distance
distinguish
distribute
distribution
district
disturb
disturbing
divide
division
divorce
divorced
do
doctor
document
dog
dollar
domestic
dominate
door
dot
double
doubt
down
downstairs
downward
downwards
dozen
dr
draft
drag
drama
dramatic
dramatically
draw
drawer
drawing
dream
dress
dressed
drink
drive
driver
driving
drop
drug
drugstore
drum
drunk
dry
due
dull
dump
during
dust
duty
dvd
dying
each
ear
early
earn
earth
ease
easily
east
eastern
easy
eat
economic
economy
edge
edition
editor
educate
educated
education
effect
effective
effectively
efficient
efficiently
effort
eg
egg
either
elbow
elderly
elect
election
electric
electrical
electricity
electronic
elegant
element
elevator
else
elsewhere
email
embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
emerge
emergency
emotion
emotional
emotionally
emphasis
emphasize
empire
employ
employee
employer
employment
empty
enable
encounter
encourage
encouragement
end
ending
enemy
energy
engage
engaged
engine
engineer
engineering
enjoy
enjoyable
enjoyment
enormous
enough
enquiry
ensure
enter
entertain
entertainer
entertaining
entertainment
enthusiasm
enthusiastic
entire
entirely
entitle
entrance
entry
envelope
environment
environmental
equal
equally
equipment
equivalent
error
escape
especially
essay
essential
essentially
establish
estate
estimate
etc
euro
even
evening
event
eventually
ever
every
everyone
everything
everywhere
evidence
evil
exact
exactly
exaggerate
exaggerated
exam
examination
examine
example
excellent
except
exception
exchange
excite
excited
excitement
exciting
exclude
excluding
excuse
executive
exercise
exhibit
exhibition
exist
existence
exit
expand
expect
expectation
expected
expense
expensive
experience
experienced
experiment
expert
explain
explanation
explode
explore
explosion
export
expose
express
expression
extend
extension
extensive
extent
extra
extraordinary
extreme
extremely
eye
face
facility
fact
factor
factory
fail
failure
faint
faintly
fair
fairly
faith
faithful
faithfully
fall
false
fame
familiar
family
famous
fan
fancy
far
farm
farmer
farming
farther
fashion
fashionable
fast
fasten
fat
father
faucet
fault
favour
favourite
fear
feather
feature
february
federal
fee
feed
feel
feeling
fellow
female
fence
festival
fetch
fever
few
field
fight
fighting
figure
file
fill
film
final
finally
finance
financial
find
fine
finely
finger
finish
finished
fire
firm
firmly
first
fish
fishing
fit
fix
fixed
flag
flame
flash
flat
flavour
flesh
flight
float
flood
floor
flour
flow
flower
flu
fly
flying
focus
fold
folding
follow
following
food
foot
football
for
force
forecast
foreign
forest
forever
forget
forgive
fork
form
formal
formally
former
formerly
formula
fortune
forward
found
foundation
frame
free
freedom
freely
freeze
frequent
frequently
fresh
freshly
friday
fridge
friend
friendly
friendship
frighten
frightened
frightening
from
front
frozen
fruit
fry
fuel
full
fully
fun
function
fund
fundamental
funeral
funny
fur
furniture
further
future
gain
gallon
gamble
gambling
game
gap
garage
garbage
garden
gas
gasoline
gate
gather
gear
general
generally
generate
generation
generous
generously
gentle
gentleman
gently
genuine
genuinely
geography
get
giant
gift
girl
girlfriend
give
glad
glass
glasses
global
glove
glue
gm
go
goal
god
gold
good
goodbye
goods
govern
government
governor
grab
grade
gradual
gradually
grain
gram
grammar
grand
grandchild
granddaughter
grandfather
grandmother
grandparent
grandson
grant
grass
grateful
grave
gray
great
greatly
green
grey
groceries
grocery
ground
group
grow
growth
guarantee
guard
guess
guest
guide
guilty
gun
guy
habit
hair
hairdresser
half
hall
hammer
hand
handle
hang
happen
happily
happiness
happy
hard
hardly
harm
harmful
harmless
hat
hate
hatred
have
he
head
headache
heal
health
healthy
hear
hearing
heart
heat
heating
heaven
heavily
heavy
heel
height
hell
hello
help
helpful
hence
her
here
hero
hers
herself
hesitate
hi
hide
high
highlight
highly
highway
hill
him
himself
hip
hire
his
historical
history
hit
hobby
hold
hole
holiday
hollow
holy
home
homework
honest
honestly
honour
hook
hope
horizontal
horn
horror
horse
hospital
host
hot
hotel
hour
house
household
housing
how
however
huge
human
humorous
humour
hungry
hunt
hunting
hurry
hurt
husband
ice
idea
ideal
ideally
identify
identity
ie
if
ignore
ill
illegal
illegally
illness
illustrate
image
imaginary
imagination
imagine
immediate
immediately
immoral
impact
impatient
impatiently
implication
imply
import
importance
important
importantly
impose
impossible
impress
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