nginx的配置文件概述及简单demo（二）
默认配置文件
当安装完nginx后，它的目录下通常有默认的配置文件
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
可以看到主要分为3个部分
- 全局块
从开头到events块之间的内容，被称为全局块，从配置文件开始到 events 块之间的内容，主要会设置一些影响 nginx 服务整体运行的配指，主要包括配置运行 Nginx 服务器的用户(组)、允许生成的 worker process ，进程 PID 存放路径、日志存放路径和类型以及配置文件的引入等。
这里部分是全局块的内容，这里面除了注释，只有 “worker_processes 1;”，这样一条属性配置
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
这是 Nginx 服务器并发处理服务的关健配置，worker_processes 值越大，可以支持的并发处理量也越多，但是受到硬件、软件等设备的制约
- event块
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
events 块涉及的指今主要影响 Nginx 服务与用户的网络连接，常用的设置包括是否开启对多 work process下的网络连接进行序列化，是否允许同时接收多个网络连接，选取哪种事件驱动模型来处理连接请求，每个 word process 可以同时支持的最大连接数等。
上述例子就表示每个 work process 支持的最大连接数为 1024.这部分的配置对 Nginx 的性能影响较大，在实际中应该灵活
- http块
这算是 Nginx 服务器配置中最频察的部分,代理、缓存和志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置都在这里
需要注意的是:http 块也可以包括 http 全局块、server 块
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
http块配置详解
http 块也可以包括 http 全局块、server 块
http全局块
http 全局块配置的指>包括文件引入、MIME-TYPE 定义、日志自定义、连接超时时间、单链接请求数上限等
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server块
这块和虚拟主机有密切关系，虚拟主机从用户角度看，和一台独立的硬件主机是完全一样的，该技术的产生是为了节省互联网服务器硬件成本。每个 http 块可以包括多个 server 块，而每个 server 块就相当于一个虚拟主机。而每个 server 块也分为全局 server 块，以及可以同时包含多个 locaton 块。
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
而实际上server块也可以接着细分下去，每个 server 块也分为全局 server 块，以及可以同时包含多个 locaton 块。
全局server块的内容
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
locaton 块内容
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
我们实际上要配置的内容都在http块中，给两个简单地例子
nginx简单demo
demo1
访问nginx转到tomcat页面，修改nginx配置，修改server_name，以及location / 模块的转发路径
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 121.4.170.108;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
这里我们监听了80端口，然后server_name是主机名或者ip,转发路径是我们tomcat的地址
demo2
部署多个tomcat，使用nginx做反向代理，部署在同一个服务器，根据路径转换到不同的服务器 ，127.0.0.1即代表本地,proxy_pass后面的地址代表我们转发的路径
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 121.4.170.108;
# 在页面输入121.4.170.108 会默认跳转到tomcat的页面
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
# 第一个tomcat代理
location ~ /a/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
# 第一个tomcat的代理
location ~ /b/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}