nginx的配置文件概述及简单demo(二)

默认配置文件

当安装完nginx后,它的目录下通常有默认的配置文件


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

可以看到主要分为3个部分

  • 全局块
    从开头到events块之间的内容,被称为全局块,从配置文件开始到 events 块之间的内容,主要会设置一些影响 nginx 服务整体运行的配指,主要包括配置运行 Nginx 服务器的用户(组)、允许生成的 worker process ,进程 PID 存放路径、日志存放路径和类型以及配置文件的引入等。

这里部分是全局块的内容,这里面除了注释,只有 “worker_processes 1;”,这样一条属性配置

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

这是 Nginx 服务器并发处理服务的关健配置,worker_processes 值越大,可以支持的并发处理量也越多,但是受到硬件、软件等设备的制约

  • event块
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

events 块涉及的指今主要影响 Nginx 服务与用户的网络连接,常用的设置包括是否开启对多 work process下的网络连接进行序列化,是否允许同时接收多个网络连接,选取哪种事件驱动模型来处理连接请求,每个 word process 可以同时支持的最大连接数等。
上述例子就表示每个 work process 支持的最大连接数为 1024.这部分的配置对 Nginx 的性能影响较大,在实际中应该灵活

  • http块
    这算是 Nginx 服务器配置中最频察的部分,代理、缓存和志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置都在这里
    需要注意的是:http 块也可以包括 http 全局块、server 块
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

http块配置详解

http 块也可以包括 http 全局块、server 块

http全局块

http 全局块配置的指>包括文件引入、MIME-TYPE 定义、日志自定义、连接超时时间、单链接请求数上限等

    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

server块

这块和虚拟主机有密切关系,虚拟主机从用户角度看,和一台独立的硬件主机是完全一样的,该技术的产生是为了节省互联网服务器硬件成本。每个 http 块可以包括多个 server 块,而每个 server 块就相当于一个虚拟主机。而每个 server 块也分为全局 server 块,以及可以同时包含多个 locaton 块。

 server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

而实际上server块也可以接着细分下去,每个 server 块也分为全局 server 块,以及可以同时包含多个 locaton 块。
全局server块的内容

listen       80;
server_name  localhost;
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

locaton 块内容


        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

我们实际上要配置的内容都在http块中,给两个简单地例子

nginx简单demo

demo1

访问nginx转到tomcat页面,修改nginx配置,修改server_name,以及location / 模块的转发路径

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  121.4.170.108;
        location / {
            proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
    }

这里我们监听了80端口,然后server_name是主机名或者ip,转发路径是我们tomcat的地址

demo2

部署多个tomcat,使用nginx做反向代理,部署在同一个服务器,根据路径转换到不同的服务器 ,127.0.0.1即代表本地,proxy_pass后面的地址代表我们转发的路径

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  121.4.170.108;

      
	  # 在页面输入121.4.170.108  会默认跳转到tomcat的页面
        location / {
            proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        }
        
       # 第一个tomcat代理
        location ~ /a/ {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        }
        # 第一个tomcat的代理
        location ~ /b/ {
		     proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8081;
      
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

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