MIT OCW 6.0001 课程 Problem Set 2 作业（Part 2）
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打卡时间：2019.07.31
打卡天数：D06
学习内容：MIT OCW 6.0001 课程 Problem Set 2 作业（Part 2）
参考链接
课程视频
作业链接
作业:
A. 游戏要求:
- 程序必须从 words.txt 文件中随机挑选一个单词。hangman.py 文件中已经实现了加载单词列表 和 随机选择单词 的功能。
- 用户一开始有6次机会
- 游戏一开始，提示用户有单词中有多少个字母，提示用户的机会次数。
- 程序需要判断用户还有哪些字母可以猜
B. 用户交互:
The game must be interactive and flow as follows:
- 每次在用户猜测之前，你需要显示以下信息：
a. 提示用户所剩的次数
b. 还有哪些字母用户还没有猜测 - 提示用户每次只能猜一个字母
- 每次等用户输入后，需要告诉用户所输入的单词是否在单词中
- 等用户输入后，你还需要显示结果，哪些才对哪些还没有猜到，使用下划线来标识没有猜到的字母位置。
- 最后，输出()符号，用户区分每一轮游戏
C. 用户输入要求：
- 你可以假设用户每次只输入一个字符，但用户也许会输入数字、特殊符号、字母，你的程序只接收小写字母
- 如果用户输入了字母意外的内容，你需要告诉用户只能输入字母。每当用户输入非字母字符、或者已经输入过的字母，将会减少一次警告的机会，如果没有了警告机会，游戏就会结束。
可以灵活运用一下函数：
- str.isalpha('your string')
- str.lower('Your String')
D. 游戏规则
- 初始【警告次数【为3
- 如果用户输入了非字母的内容，【警告次数】减一；没有警告次数，游戏失败
- 如果用户输入了已经输入过的内容，【警告次数】减一 ；
- 辅音：如果用户输入了辅音字母，且没有猜中，【猜测机会】减1
- 元音：如果用户输入的原因字母，没有猜过，且没有猜中，【猜测机会】减2
E. 游戏终止条件
- 当用户猜对了所有字母 或者 次数消耗完时终止游戏
- 次数消耗完并且没有完成字母，告诉用户结果并显示正确的字母。
- 用户赢了的话，输出恭喜信息，并显示用户分数
- Total score = guesses_remaining* number unique letters in secret_word（总分 = 剩余猜测次数 x 单词字母数（去重））
作业心得
- 学习 not in list 的写法
- list去重的方法
程序代码(完成hangman函数)
# Problem Set 2, hangman.py
# Name:
# Collaborators:
# Time spent:
# Hangman Game
# -----------------------------------
# Helper code
# You don't need to understand this helper code,
# but you will have to know how to use the functions
# (so be sure to read the docstrings!)
import random
import string
WORDLIST_FILENAME = "words.txt"
def load_words():
"""
Returns a list of valid words. Words are strings of lowercase letters.
Depending on the size of the word list, this function may
take a while to finish.
"""
print("Loading word list from file...")
# inFile: file
inFile = open(WORDLIST_FILENAME, 'r')
# line: string
line = inFile.readline()
# wordlist: list of strings
wordlist = line.split()
print(" ", len(wordlist), "words loaded.")
return wordlist
def choose_word(wordlist):
"""
wordlist (list): list of words (strings)
Returns a word from wordlist at random
"""
return random.choice(wordlist)
# end of helper code
# -----------------------------------
# Load the list of words into the variable wordlist
# so that it can be accessed from anywhere in the program
wordlist = load_words()
def is_word_guessed(secret_word, letters_guessed):
'''
secret_word: string, the word the user is guessing; assumes all letters are
lowercase; 用户需要猜的单词，假设所有字母都是小写
letters_guessed: list (of letters), which letters have been guessed so far;
assumes that all letters are lowercase; 用户已经猜过的字母列表
returns: boolean, True if all the letters of secret_word are in letters_guessed;
False otherwise; 如果 secret_word 的字母，都在 letters_guessed 中，返回 True，否则返回 False
'''
for letter in secret_word:
if letter not in letters_guessed:
return False
return True
def get_guessed_word(secret_word, letters_guessed):
'''
secret_word: string, the word the user is guessing; 用户需要猜的单词
letters_guessed: list (of letters), which letters have been guessed so far; 目前猜过的字母
returns: string, comprised of letters, underscores (_), and spaces that represents
which letters in secret_word have been guessed so far.
'''
res = ""
for letter in secret_word:
if letter not in letters_guessed:
res += "_ "
else:
res += letter
return res
def get_available_letters(letters_guessed):
'''
letters_guessed: list (of letters), which letters have been guessed so far; 目前猜过的字母
returns: string (of letters), comprised of letters that represents which letters have not
yet been guessed. 返回目前还没有猜过的字母
'''
res = ""
for letter in string.ascii_lowercase:
if letter not in letters_guessed:
res += letter
return res
def score_counter(guesses_remaining, secret_word):
'''计算分数
guesses_remaining: 剩余可猜单词的次数
secret_word: 要猜测但单词
'''
return guesses_remaining * len(list(set(list(secret_word))))
def hangman(secret_word):
'''
secret_word: string, the secret word to guess.
Starts up an interactive game of Hangman.
* At the start of the game, let the user know how many
letters the secret_word contains and how many guesses s/he starts with.
* The user should start with 6 guesses
* Before each round, you should display to the user how many guesses
s/he has left and the letters that the user has not yet guessed.
* Ask the user to supply one guess per round. Remember to make
sure that the user puts in a letter!
* The user should receive feedback immediately after each guess
about whether their guess appears in the computer's word.
* After each guess, you should display to the user the
partially guessed word so far.
Follows the other limitations detailed in the problem write-up.
'''
print("Welcome to the game Hangman!")
print("I am thinking of a word that is {} letters long.".format(len(secret_word)))
warnings_remaining = 3
print("You have {} warnings left..".format(warnings_remaining))
letters_guessed = []
guesses_remaining = 6
available_letters = string.ascii_lowercase
current_guessed_word = get_guessed_word(secret_word, letters_guessed)
VOWELS = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
# while guesses_remaining > 0:
while True:
if is_word_guessed(secret_word, letters_guessed):
# 整个单词都猜对了
print("Congratulations, you won!")
total_score = score_counter(guesses_remaining, secret_word)
print("Your total score for this game is: {}".format(total_score))
exit()
elif guesses_remaining <= 0:
print("Sorry, you ran out of guesses. The word was: {}".format(secret_word))
exit()
print("-------------")
print("You have {} guesses left.".format(guesses_remaining))
print("Available letters: {}".format(available_letters))
letter = input("Please guess a letter: ").lower()
if not letter.isalpha():
if warnings_remaining > 0:
warnings_remaining -= 1
else:
guesses_remaining -= 1
print("Oops! That is not a valid letter. You have {} warnings left: {}".format(warnings_remaining, current_guessed_word))
continue
# 判断用户输入的字母，之前是否输入过
if letter in letters_guessed:
if warnings_remaining > 0:
warnings_remaining -= 1
else:
guesses_remaining -= 1
print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter. You have {} warnings left: {}".format(warnings_remaining, current_guessed_word))
continue
letters_guessed.append(letter)
current_guessed_word = get_guessed_word(secret_word, letters_guessed)
if letter in secret_word:
print("Good guess: {}".format(current_guessed_word))
else:
# 没有猜对
if letter in VOWELS:
guesses_remaining -= 2
else:
guesses_remaining -= 1
print("Oops! That letter is not in my word: {}".format(current_guessed_word))
available_letters = get_available_letters(letters_guessed)
# When you've completed your hangman function, scroll down to the bottom
# of the file and uncomment the first two lines to test
#(hint: you might want to pick your own
# secret_word while you're doing your own testing)
# -----------------------------------
def match_with_gaps(my_word, other_word):
'''
my_word: string with _ characters, current guess of secret word
other_word: string, regular English word
returns: boolean, True if all the actual letters of my_word match the
corresponding letters of other_word, or the letter is the special symbol
_ , and my_word and other_word are of the same length;
False otherwise:
'''
# FILL IN YOUR CODE HERE AND DELETE "pass"
pass
def show_possible_matches(my_word):
'''
my_word: string with _ characters, current guess of secret word
returns: nothing, but should print out every word in wordlist that matches my_word
Keep in mind that in hangman when a letter is guessed, all the positions
at which that letter occurs in the secret word are revealed.
Therefore, the hidden letter(_ ) cannot be one of the letters in the word
that has already been revealed.
'''
# FILL IN YOUR CODE HERE AND DELETE "pass"
pass
def hangman_with_hints(secret_word):
'''
secret_word: string, the secret word to guess.
Starts up an interactive game of Hangman.
* At the start of the game, let the user know how many
letters the secret_word contains and how many guesses s/he starts with.
* The user should start with 6 guesses
* Before each round, you should display to the user how many guesses
s/he has left and the letters that the user has not yet guessed.
* Ask the user to supply one guess per round. Make sure to check that the user guesses a letter
* The user should receive feedback immediately after each guess
about whether their guess appears in the computer's word.
* After each guess, you should display to the user the
partially guessed word so far.
* If the guess is the symbol *, print out all words in wordlist that
matches the current guessed word.
Follows the other limitations detailed in the problem write-up.
'''
# FILL IN YOUR CODE HERE AND DELETE "pass"
pass
# When you've completed your hangman_with_hint function, comment the two similar
# lines above that were used to run the hangman function, and then uncomment
# these two lines and run this file to test!
# Hint: You might want to pick your own secret_word while you're testing.
if __name__ == "__main__":
# pass
# To test part 2, comment out the pass line above and
# uncomment the following two lines.
secret_word = choose_word(wordlist)
secret_word = 'else'
hangman(secret_word)
###############
# To test part 3 re-comment out the above lines and
# uncomment the following two lines.
#secret_word = choose_word(wordlist)
#hangman_with_hints(secret_word)