C# 通过winmm枚举音频设备
文章目录
- 前言
- 一、如何实现？
-
- 1、添加依赖
- （1）、nuget安装winmm的封装库
- （2）、补充接口
- 2、定义实体
- 3、实现枚举
- 二、完整代码
- 三、使用示例
- 总结
前言
使用C#做音频录制时需要获取音频设备信息，比如使用ffmpeg进行录制需要先获取音频设备名称，再Windows上获取音频设备的方法有不少，其中比较简单的就是使用winmm，这是一套比较旧的api但是使用方法简单，当然有个缺陷就是音频名称不能超过32个字符，超过会被截断，当然如果作为winmm的采集或播放配套使用则不会有问题。
一、如何实现？
需要先导入winmm的api，以及定义存放音频设备信息的实体，最后通过调用api实现枚举设备功能。
1、添加依赖
由于编写dllimport比较麻烦，而且nuget已经有封装好的库，所以没必要重复造轮子，直接nuget安装然后补充一些必要的接口即可。
（1）、nuget安装winmm的封装库
（2）、补充接口
由于Vanara.PInvoke.Multimedia对waveInGetDevCaps和waveOutGetDevCaps导入的有点问题，所以需要自己dllimport。还需要添加一些相关的枚举用于获取声音格式。
[DllImport("winmm.dll")]
public static extern MMRESULT waveInGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEINCAPS pwic, uint cbwic);
[DllImport("winmm.dll")]
public static extern MMRESULT waveOutGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEOUTCAPS pwoc, uint cbwoc);
public enum DWFormats
{
WAVE_INVALIDFORMAT = 0x00000000, /* invalid format */
WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 = 0x00000001, /* 11.025 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 = 0x00000002, /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 = 0x00000004, /* 11.025 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 = 0x00000008, /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 = 0x00000010, /* 22.05 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 = 0x00000020, /* 22.05 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 = 0x00000040, /* 22.05 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 = 0x00000080, /* 22.05 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 = 0x00000100, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 = 0x00000200, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 = 0x00000400, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 = 0x00000800, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_44M08 = 0x00000100, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_44S08 = 0x00000200, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_44M16 = 0x00000400, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_44S16 = 0x00000800, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_48M08 = 0x00001000, /* 48 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_48S08 = 0x00002000, /* 48 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_48M16 = 0x00004000, /* 48 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_48S16 = 0x00008000, /* 48 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 = 0x00010000, /* 96 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 = 0x00020000, /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 = 0x00040000, /* 96 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 = 0x00080000, /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
}
2、定义实体
需要定义声音格式
class SampleFormat
{
/// 以及声音设备实体
class AudioDevice
{
/// 3、实现枚举
音频采集设备
/// /// 设备对象
public static AudioDevice? GetWaveInDeviceById(uint id)
{
WAVEINCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息
var result = waveInGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEINCAPS>());
if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;
AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();
sd.Id = id;
sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;
sd.Name = pwic.szPname;
sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);
return sd;
}
音频播放设备
/// /// 设备对象
public static AudioDevice? GetWaveOutDeviceById(uint id)
{
WAVEOUTCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息
var result = waveOutGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEOUTCAPS>());
if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;
AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();
sd.Id = id;
sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;
sd.Name = pwic.szPname;
sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);
return sd;
}
二、完整代码
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using static Vanara.PInvoke.WinMm;
/************************************************************************
* @Project: AC::Winmm
* @Decription: 音频设备枚举
* @Verision: v1.0.0.0
* @Author: Xin Nie
* @Create: 2023/10/8 09:27:00
* @LastUpdate: 2023/10/8 15:04:00
************************************************************************
* Copyright @ 2025. All rights reserved.
************************************************************************/
namespace AC
{
class Winmm
{
/// 设备对象
public static AudioDevice? GetWaveInDeviceById(uint id)
{
WAVEINCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息
var result = waveInGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEINCAPS>());
if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;
AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();
sd.Id = id;
sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;
sd.Name = pwic.szPname;
sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);
return sd;
}
/// 设备对象
public static AudioDevice? GetWaveOutDeviceById(uint id)
{
WAVEOUTCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息
var result = waveOutGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEOUTCAPS>());
if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;
AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();
sd.Id = id;
sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;
sd.Name = pwic.szPname;
sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);
return sd;
}
static List<SampleFormat> _GetSurportFormats(uint foramts)
{
var sfs = new List<SampleFormat>();
foreach (var j in Enum.GetValues<DWFormats>())
{
if ((foramts & (uint)j) != 0)
{
var name = Enum.GetName(j)!.Split("_").Last();
var sp = name.Substring(0, name.Length - 3);
var ch = name.Substring(name.Length - 3, 1);
var bp = name.Substring(name.Length - 2, 2);
uint isp = 0;
switch (sp)
{
case "1": isp = 11025; break;
case "2": isp = 22050; break;
case "4": isp = 44100; break;
case "44": isp = 44100; break;
case "48": isp = 48000; break;
case "96": isp = 96000; break;
}
sfs.Add(new SampleFormat() { Channels = (ushort)(ch == "S" ? 1 : 2), SampleRate = isp, BitsPerSample = ushort.Parse(bp) });
}
}
return sfs;
}
public enum DWFormats
{
WAVE_INVALIDFORMAT = 0x00000000, /* invalid format */
WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 = 0x00000001, /* 11.025 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 = 0x00000002, /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 = 0x00000004, /* 11.025 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 = 0x00000008, /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 = 0x00000010, /* 22.05 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 = 0x00000020, /* 22.05 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 = 0x00000040, /* 22.05 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 = 0x00000080, /* 22.05 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 = 0x00000100, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 = 0x00000200, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 = 0x00000400, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 = 0x00000800, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_44M08 = 0x00000100, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_44S08 = 0x00000200, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_44M16 = 0x00000400, /* 44.1 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_44S16 = 0x00000800, /* 44.1 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_48M08 = 0x00001000, /* 48 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_48S08 = 0x00002000, /* 48 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_48M16 = 0x00004000, /* 48 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_48S16 = 0x00008000, /* 48 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 = 0x00010000, /* 96 kHz, Mono, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 = 0x00020000, /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 = 0x00040000, /* 96 kHz, Mono, 16-bit */
WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 = 0x00080000, /* 96 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
}
[DllImport("winmm.dll")]
public static extern MMRESULT waveInGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEINCAPS pwic, uint cbwic);
[DllImport("winmm.dll")]
public static extern MMRESULT waveOutGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEOUTCAPS pwoc, uint cbwoc);
}
}
三、使用示例
foreach (var i in Winmm.WaveInDevices)
{
Console.WriteLine("音频采集设备" + i.Id + "：" + i.Name);
}
foreach (var i in Winmm.WaveOutDevices)
{
Console.WriteLine("音频播放设备"+i.Id+"：" +i.Name);
}
总结
以上就是今天要讲的内容，使用winnm枚举设备还是比较简单的，唯一麻烦一点的地方就是支持格式的获取，但是通过C#使用字符串处理，实现也变得很简单。总的来说，这算是一种获取音频设备信息的方法，能够满足一些使用场景的需求。