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本文目录如下:
目录
1 概述
2 运行结果
3 参考文献
4 Python代码及文章讲解
文章来源:
卡尔曼滤波器需要模型的真实参数,并递归地求解最优状态估计期望最大化(EM)算法适用于估计卡尔曼滤波之前不可用的模型参数,即EM-KF算法。为了提高EM-KF算法的准确性,作者提出了一种状态估计方法,该方法在序列到序列的编码器-解码器(seq2seq)框架下,将长-短期存储器网络(LSTM)、变压器和EM-KF方法相结合。对线性移动机器人模型的仿真表明,新方法更准确。
我们在seq2seq中提出了用于状态估计的编码器-解码器框架,该状态估计等效于编码和解码观察。
集成变压器和LSTM在滤波前对观察进行编码,使EM算法更容易估计参数。
部分代码:
kft = KalmanFilter( A,C,Q,R,B,D,m0,P0, random_state=random_state )# model should be state, observation = kft.sample( n_timesteps=step, initial_state=m0 )# provide data #filtered_state_estimatet, f_covt = kft.filter(observation) #smoothed_state_estimatet, s_covt = kft.smooth(observation) ''' Step 2: Initialize our model ''' # specify parameters transition_matrix = A transition_offset = B observation_matrix = C observation_offset = D transition_covariance = 0.02*np.eye(3) observation_covariance = np.eye(1) initial_state_mean =[0,0,1] initial_state_covariance = 5*np.eye(3) # sample from model kf = KalmanFilter( transition_matrix, observation_matrix, transition_covariance, observation_covariance, transition_offset, observation_offset,initial_state_mean,initial_state_covariance, random_state=random_state, em_vars=[ #'transition_matrices', 'observation_matrices', 'transition_covariance','observation_covariance', #'transition_offsets', 'observation_offsets', 'initial_state_mean', 'initial_state_covariance' ]
class TransformerBlock(nn.Module): """ Bidirectional Encoder = Transformer (self-attention) Transformer = MultiHead_Attention + Feed_Forward with sublayer connection """ def __init__(self, hidden, attn_heads, feed_forward_hidden, dropout): """ :param hidden: hidden size of transformer :param attn_heads: head sizes of multi-head attention :param feed_forward_hidden: feed_forward_hidden, usually 4*hidden_size :param dropout: dropout rate """ super().__init__() self.attention = MultiHeadedAttention(h=attn_heads, d_model=hidden) self.feed_forward = PositionwiseFeedForward(d_model=hidden, d_ff=feed_forward_hidden, dropout=dropout) self.input_sublayer = SublayerConnection(size=hidden, dropout=dropout) self.output_sublayer = SublayerConnection(size=hidden, dropout=dropout) self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=dropout) self.hidden = hidden
部分理论来源于网络,如有侵权请联系删除。
@article{shi2021kalman,
author={Zhuangwei Shi},
title={Incorporating Transformer and LSTM to Kalman Filter with EM algorithm for state estimation},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.00250},
year={2021},
}