注:该文首先介绍了相机成像原理、三维坐标转二维坐标原理、最后分析不用标定板与相机内参的合理性,最终分析直接用外参矩阵即可求出转换关系的合理性(当然,直接求解时,要对二维和三维坐标做稍微的简单变化,这个会分析原因)。最后附加代码,该代码是本人用过后合理才写入的,具有合理性,标定需要的场景:只需要棱角分明并且雷达能反射的物体即可,比如人、金属架等。
一、相机成像原理
二、雷达的三维坐标转换为相机的二维坐标原理
三、两个矩阵的融合标定
四、代码
1.求转换矩阵的代码如下:
import numpy as np
#listdir:表示雷达和相机的坐标,坐标输入格式在以下有,需要根据实际情况修改
#image_size:图片的shape,格式在以下有,需要根据实际情况修改
def input_camera_lidar(listdir, image_size):
A = []
b = []
for item in listdir:
xyz = item[0]
uv = item[1]
x = xyz[0]
y = xyz[1]
z = xyz[2]
# r=xyz[3]
# 雷达坐标转换如下(x,y,z)=====>(z/x,y/x,1),这种转换是因为不同距离x下相同的(y,z)在像素坐标系中的坐标不同,所以必须有这样一步处理
x0, y0 = z / x, y / x
# 建立方程组
# a11*x0+a12*y0+b1*1+ a21*0+a22*0+b2*0+ a31*0+a32*0+b3*0=u
# a11*0+a12*0+b1*0+ a21*x0+a22*y0+b2*1+ a31*0+a32*0+b3*0=v
# a11*0+a12*0+b1*0+ a21*0+a22*0+b2*0+ a31*x0+a32*y0+b3*1=1
A1 = [[x0, y0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, x0, y0, 1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, x0, y0, 1]]
# u=uv[0]-image_size[0]/2
# v=uv[1]-image_size[1]/2
# v=[[371.33757634,0.,306.01237024],[0.,374.79184398,208.74053634],[ 0.,0.,1.]]
#转换为图像坐标系
u = uv[0] - image_size[0] / 2
v = uv[1] - image_size[1] / 2
b1 = [[u], [v], [1]]
# print("b",b1)
A.append(A1[0])
A.append(A1[1])
A.append(A1[2])
b.append(b1[0])
b.append(b1[1])
b.append(b1[2])
print(A)
print(b)
ss = np.linalg.pinv(A).dot(b)
# print(ss)
B = [[ss[0][0], ss[1][0], ss[2][0]],
[ss[3][0], ss[4][0], ss[5][0]],
[ss[6][0], ss[7][0], ss[8][0]]
]
return B
if __name__ == "__main__":
image_size = [480, 640]
listdir = [[[3670, 169, 129], [281, 211]],
[[4776, -1147, 299], [386, 207]],
[[4141, -950, -127], [380, 237]],
[[3824, -1314, 502], [416, 172]],
[[4153, -2357, 48.2], [500, 224]],
[[3205, 1214, -80], [161, 233]],
[[4778, -1148, 263], [387, 211]],
[[3922,-1804, 531],[457,176]],
[[3900,-122,-556],[311,276]],
[[4054,-390,-545],[333,273]],
[[4768,-1132,-487],[384,264]],
]#这个坐标根据实际测量获得
B = input_camera_lidar(listdir, image_size)
print(B)
2.雷达坐标转换为相机坐标的测试代码如下:
import numpy as np
import cv2
#lidar_index:雷达坐标
#B:上面求得的转换矩阵
#image_size:图片的shape
def output_lidar(lidar_index,B,image_size):
print("...................相机坐标......................")
b1=[[image_size[0]/2],[image_size[1]/2],[1]]
b1=np.array(b1)
b1=b1.reshape(3,1)
lidar_index=np.array(lidar_index)
B=np.array(B)
ss = np.dot(B, lidar_index)+b1
return ss
if __name__ == "__main__":
# B=[[-24.500760749792903,-355.40002643416284, 58.8043861483383],
# [-397.06466121337525,-2.428988418743103, -94.02523143506387],
# [-6.217248937900877e-14, -1.4166445794216997e-13, 0.9999999999999648]]#比较精确
#转换矩阵B
B = [[-20.16703503751802, -358.03933850329025, 57.72595612343851],
[-372.2097187710982, -4.475480223336756, -94.87477824692705],
[6.439293542825908e-14, 9.825473767932635e-15, 1.0000000000000087]]
image_size = [480, 640]
lidar_index=[4360.5,-2733.0,-178]
lidar_index = [lidar_index[2] / lidar_index[0], lidar_index[1] / lidar_index[0],1]
lidar_index=np.array(lidar_index)
lidar_index=lidar_index.reshape(3,1)
ss=output_lidar(lidar_index,B,image_size)
print(ss)