最近项目适配阿拉伯,记录一下最近的工作内容。在此之前,我是没有了解过这方面的知识。
首先说说为什么要适配阿拉伯呢,是因为我们中文和英文这些是从左往右显示的语言,但是阿拉伯的语言是从右往左显示(RTL),恰好与我们的习惯相反,刚开始的时候实在很别扭,
首先在适配的项目的开始,我查找了一下网上的资料
感谢这几位大佬的博客:
https://blog.csdn.net/a657651096/article/details/102805114
https://www.jianshu.com/p/042f3db234ad
https://www.jianshu.com/p/3383ca5f6de0
我的项目是OC开发,布局用的masonry。
先来捋一下阿拉伯适配需要做哪些事情呢。
1阿拉伯从右往左显示,我们所有的约束需要更换。
2所有的UIView的处理
3带方向的图片处理
4手势的处理
5文字显示方向TextAlignment(大部分是UILabel)
6UIEdgeInsets(UIButton)
7富文本AttributeString
8Unicode文字的处理
9UICollectionView的处理(水平方向的)
10UIScrollView的处理(水平方向)
我们先来看一组效果图:
这是在中文下的效果
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image.png
这是阿拉伯下的效果
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image.png
列了一下需要处理的问题列表,接下来就是解决问题的具体方案了:
我写了一个公共的宏定义判断是不是阿拉伯语言,这个地方可以根据不同的需求做判断
#define isRTL() [[[[NSBundle mainBundle] preferredLocalizations] firstObject] hasPrefix:@"ar"]
1将所有的left更换成leading,right更换成trailing,这至少解决了50%的问题。是不是非常简单NONONO~~
全部UIView处理
iOS9之后,苹果出了API适配RTL
UIView有一个semanticContentAttribute的属性,当我们将其设置成UISemanticContentAttributeForceRightToLeft之后,UIView将强制变为RTL布局。当然在非RTL语言下,我们需要设置它为UISemanticContentAttributeForceLeftToRight,来适配系统是阿拉伯语,App是其他语言不需要RTL布局的情况。
项目中有无数个UIView,是不是需要我们一个一个去设置呢,当然不是,这时候大家想到的是不是hook一下UIView的方法,来达到效果呢,好像是不行的呢,原因可以看我前面提到的三位的博客,我在appdelegate里面统一设置的,当我们设置UIView的semanticContentAttribute以后,发现UISearchBar还没有改变,那我们再设置一下UISearchBar
if (isRTL()) {
[UIView appearance].semanticContentAttribute = UISemanticContentAttributeForceRightToLeft;
[UISearchBar appearance].semanticContentAttribute = UISemanticContentAttributeForceRightToLeft;
}
处理带方向的图片,这个部分有两种方式可以处理,要么让UI切两套图,分别展示,或者是把图片翻转一下,当然,图片不能带文字,这里得多说一句,经过这一次的教训,我发誓以后再也不要用带文字的图片了,如果只是带方向的图片,翻转就行了,但是图片带文字那就玩不转了,只能用几套图,还有国际化的时候,图片带文字,也不好处理,很不幸,我项目中很多带文字的图片,我只能一个一个去修改,言归正传,先来看一下处理带方向图片处理:
给UIImage写了一个分类,添加了一个方法,在方法里面判断是不是阿拉伯语,如果是翻转了图片,翻转图片的方法用的系统自带的。
#import "UIImage+HALFlipped.h"
@implementation UIImage (HALFlipped)
- (UIImage *)hal_imageFlippedForRightToLeftLayoutDirection
{
if (isRTL()) {
return [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage
scale:self.scale
orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
}
return self;
}
@end
这样子在带方向的地方使用这个方法,就可以了
UIButton * backBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
[backBtn setImage:[[UIImage imageNamed:@"kls_Room_Box_back"] hal_imageFlippedForRightToLeftLayoutDirection] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
手势的处理
滑动返回
RTL下,除了布局需要调整,手势的方向也是需要调整的
正常的滑动返回手势是右滑,在RTL下,是需要变成左滑返回的。为了让滑动返回也适配RTL,我们需要修改navigationBar和UINavigationController.view的semanticContentAttribute。使用[UIView appearance]修改semanticContentAttribute并不能使手势随之改变,我们需要手动修改。为了让所有的UINavigationController都生效。我们hook了UINavigationController的initWithNibName:bundle:
#import "UINavigationController+HALRTL.h"
@implementation UINavigationController (HALRTL)
+ (void)load
{
if (isRTL()) {
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
Method oldMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(initWithNibName:bundle:));
Method newMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(rtl_initWithNibName:bundle:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldMethod, newMethod);
});
}
}
- (instancetype)rtl_initWithNibName:(nullable NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(nullable NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
if ([self rtl_initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil]) {
if (@available(iOS 9.0, *)) {
self.navigationBar.semanticContentAttribute = UISemanticContentAttributeForceRightToLeft;;
self.view.semanticContentAttribute = UISemanticContentAttributeForceRightToLeft;
}
}
return self;
}
@end
其他手势
跟方向有关的手势有2个:UISwipeGestureRecognizer和UIPanGestureRecognizer
UIPanGestureRecognizer是无法直接设置有效方向的。为了设置只对某个方向有效,一般都是通过实现它的delegate中的gestureRecognizerShouldBegin:方法,来指定是否生效。对于这种情况,我们只能手动修gestureRecognizerShouldBegin:中的逻辑,来适配RTL
UISwipeGestureRecognizer有一个direction的属性,可以设置有效方向。为了适配RTL,我们可以hook它的setter方法,达到自动适配的目的:
#import "UISwipeGestureRecognizer+HALRTL.h"
@implementation UISwipeGestureRecognizer (HALRTL)
+ (void)load
{
Method oldAttMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self,@selector(setDirection:));
Method newAttMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self,@selector(rtl_setDirection:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldAttMethod, newAttMethod); //交换成功
}
- (void)rtl_setDirection:(UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirection)direction
{
if (isRTL()) {
if (direction == UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight) {
direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft;
} else if (direction == UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft) {
direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight;
}
}
[self rtl_setDirection:direction];
}
@end
UIButton的RTL适配
UIButton的imageEdgeInsets和titleEdgeInsets。正常的时候,我们设置一个titleEdgeInsets的left。但是当RTL的情况下,因为所有的东西都左右镜像了,应该设置titleEdgeInsets的right布局才会正常。然而系统却不会自动帮我们将left和right调换。我们需要手动去适配它。
@implementation UIButton (HALRTL)
UIEdgeInsets RTLEdgeInsetsWithInsets(UIEdgeInsets insets) {
if (insets.left != insets.right && isRTL()) {
CGFloat temp = insets.left;
insets.left = insets.right;
insets.right = temp;
}
return insets;
}
+ (void)load{
if (isRTL()) {
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
Method oldMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(setContentEdgeInsets:));
Method newMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(rtl_setContentEdgeInsets:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldMethod, newMethod);
Method oldImageMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(setImageEdgeInsets:));
Method newImageMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(rtl_setImageEdgeInsets:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldImageMethod,newImageMethod);
Method oldTitleMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(setTitleEdgeInsets:));
Method newTitleMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(rtl_setTitleEdgeInsets:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldTitleMethod,newTitleMethod);
});
}
}
- (void)rtl_setContentEdgeInsets:(UIEdgeInsets)contentEdgeInsets {
[self rtl_setContentEdgeInsets:RTLEdgeInsetsWithInsets(contentEdgeInsets)];
}
- (void)rtl_setImageEdgeInsets:(UIEdgeInsets)imageEdgeInsets {
[self rtl_setImageEdgeInsets:RTLEdgeInsetsWithInsets(imageEdgeInsets)];
}
- (void)rtl_setTitleEdgeInsets:(UIEdgeInsets)titleEdgeInsets {
[self rtl_setTitleEdgeInsets:RTLEdgeInsetsWithInsets(titleEdgeInsets)];
}
@end
TextAlignment
RTL下textAlignment也是需要调整的,官方文档中默认textAlignment是NSTextAlignmentNatural,并且NSTextAlignmentNatural可用自动适配RTL
然而,情况并没有文档描述的那么好,当我们在系统内切换语言的时候,系统经常会错误的设置textAlignment。没有办法,我们只有自己去适配textAlignment.
以UILabel为例,我们hook它的setter的方法,根据当前是否是RTL,来设置正确的textAlignment,如果UILabel从未调用setTextAlignment:,我们还需要给它一个正确的默认值。
#import "UILabel+HALRTL.h"
@implementation UILabel (HALRTL)
+ (void)load
{
Method oldInitMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self,@selector(initWithFrame:));
Method newInitMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(rtl_initWithFrame:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldInitMethod, newInitMethod); //交换成功
Method oldTextMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self,@selector(setTextAlignment:));
Method newTextMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(rtl_setTextAlignment:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldTextMethod, newTextMethod); //交换成功
}
- (instancetype)rtl_initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
if ([self rtl_initWithFrame:frame]) {
self.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentNatural;
}
return self;
}
- (void)rtl_setTextAlignment:(NSTextAlignment)textAlignment
{
if (isRTL()) {
if (textAlignment == NSTextAlignmentNatural || textAlignment == NSTextAlignmentLeft) {
textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentRight;
} else if (textAlignment == NSTextAlignmentRight) {
textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;
}
}
[self rtl_setTextAlignment:textAlignment];
}
富文本AttributeString和Unicode字符串
以UILabel为例,对于AttributeString,UILabel的textAlignment是不生效的,因为AttributeString自带attributes。为了让attributeString也能自动适配RTL。我们需要在RTL下,将Alignment的left和right互换。
attributeString的alignment一般使用NSMutableParagraphStyle设置,所以我们首先hook NSMutableParagraphStyle,在setAlignment的时候设上正确的alignment:
由于阅读习惯的差异(阿拉伯语从右往左阅读,其他语言从左往右阅读),所以字符的排序是不一样的,普通语言左边是第一个字符,阿拉伯语右边是第一个字符。
如果是单纯某种文字,不管是阿拉伯语还是英文,系统都是已经帮助我们做好适配了的。然而混排的情况下,系统的适配是有问题的。对于一个string,系统会用第一个字符来决定当前是LTR还是RTL。
那么坑来了,假设有一个这样的字符串@"小明بدأ في متابعتك"(翻译过来为:小明关注了你),在阿拉伯语的情况下,由于阅读顺序是从右往左,我们希望他显示为@"بدأ في متابعتك小明"。然而按照系统的适配方案,是永远无法达到我们期望的。
如果"小明"放前面,第一个字符是中文,系统识别为LTR,从左往右排序,显示为@"小明بدأ في متابعتك"。
如果"小明"放后面,第一个字符是阿拉伯语,系统识别为RTL,从右往左排序,依然显示为@"小明بدأ في متابعتك"。
为了适配这种情况,可以在字符串前面加一些不会显示的字符,强制将字符串变为LTR或者RTL。
在字符串前面添加"\u202B"表示RTL,加"\u202A"LTR。为了统一适配刚刚的情况,我们hook了UILabel的setText:方法。当然这种方法没法适配所有的情况,项目中具体的场景还得具体处理。
#import "UILabel+HALAttrRTL.h"
BOOL isRTLString(NSString *string) {
if ([string hasPrefix:@"\u202B"] || [string hasPrefix:@"\u202A"]) {
return YES;
}
return NO;
}
NSString * RTLString(NSString *string) {
if (string.length == 0 || isRTLString(string)) {
return string;
}
if (isRTL()) {
string = [@"\u202B" stringByAppendingString:string];
} else {
string = [@"\u202A" stringByAppendingString:string];
}
return string;
}
NSAttributedString *RTLAttributeString(NSAttributedString *attributeString ){
if (attributeString.length == 0) {
return attributeString;
}
NSRange range;
NSDictionary *originAttributes = [attributeString attributesAtIndex:0 effectiveRange:&range];
NSParagraphStyle *style = [originAttributes objectForKey:NSParagraphStyleAttributeName];
if (style && isRTLString(attributeString.string)) {
return attributeString;
}
NSMutableDictionary *attributes = originAttributes ? [originAttributes mutableCopy] : [NSMutableDictionary new];
if (!style) {
NSMutableParagraphStyle *mutableParagraphStyle = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init];
UILabel *test = [UILabel new];
test.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;
mutableParagraphStyle.alignment = test.textAlignment;
style = mutableParagraphStyle;
[attributes setValue:mutableParagraphStyle forKey:NSParagraphStyleAttributeName];
}
NSString *string = RTLString(attributeString.string);
return [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:string attributes:attributes];
}
@implementation UILabel (HALAttrRTL)
+(void)load{
Method oldAttMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self,@selector(setAttributedText:));
Method newAttMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(rtl_setAttributedText:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldAttMethod, newAttMethod); //交换成功
Method oldTextMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self,@selector(setText:));
Method newTextMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self,@selector(rtl_setText:));
method_exchangeImplementations(oldTextMethod, newTextMethod); //交换成功
}
- (void)rtl_setAttributedText:(NSAttributedString *)attributedText
{
if (isRTL()) {
attributedText = RTLAttributeString(attributedText);
}
[self rtl_setAttributedText:attributedText];
}
- (void)rtl_setText:(NSString *)text
{
[self rtl_setText:RTLString(text)];
}
@end
以上是常见的适配了,接下来说两个特殊的
UICollectionView在RTL下的适配
继承UICollectionViewFlowLayout 重写两个方法
-(UIUserInterfaceLayoutDirection)effectiveUserInterfaceLayoutDirection {
if (isRTL()) {
return UIUserInterfaceLayoutDirectionRightToLeft;
}
return UIUserInterfaceLayoutDirectionLeftToRight;
}
- (BOOL)flipsHorizontallyInOppositeLayoutDirection{
return YES;
}
最后UIScrollView在RTL适配
普通的UIScrollView可以通过把UIScrollView的transform和scrollView的subviews翻转一下
if (isRTL()) {
self.scrollView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(M_PI);
NSArray *subViews = self.scrollView.subviews;
for (UIView *subView in subViews) {
if ([subView isKindOfClass:[HALUserInfoRelationshipView class]]) {
subView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(M_PI);
}
}
}
我项目中太多的地方用到了UIScrollView,因为我们的UI设计,有非常多的分页控制器,所以我们项目中使用JXCategory搭配UIScrollView。
在使用的过程中遇到一个小问题,例如ScrollView加载三个不同的view,每个view的宽度都是屏幕的宽,这在RTL下有个问题,就是有view不显示,我从左往右适配的时候,右边的不显示,从右往左适配,左边的不显示,后来我使用了一种比较愚蠢的方法。最左的view从左适配,最右的View从右适配
self.scrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 85 * SCREEN_SCALEIPhone6, kScreenWidth, 233 * SCREEN_SCALEIPhone6)];
self.scrollView.pagingEnabled = YES;
self.scrollView.bounces = NO;
self.scrollView.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO;
self.scrollView.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = NO;
self.scrollView.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor;
[self.bottomView addSubview:self.scrollView];
[self.scrollView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.leading.mas_equalTo(self.bottomView.mas_leading);
make.top.mas_equalTo(self.userListView.mas_bottom);
make.width.mas_equalTo(ScreenWidth);
make.height.mas_equalTo(233*SCREEN_SCALEIPhone6);
}];
self.scrollContentView = [UIView new];
[self.scrollView addSubview:self.scrollContentView];
[self.titleArray addObject:klstring(@"label_410")];
HALRoomTempGiftView *giftView = [[HALRoomTempGiftView alloc] initWithRoomId:self.room_id GiftRoomType:self.gift_roomType IsBackPack:YES TagId:@"0"];
[self.scrollContentView addSubview:giftView];
[giftView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.top.mas_equalTo(0);
if (isRTL()) {
make.trailing.mas_equalTo(0);
}else{
make.leading.mas_equalTo(0);
}
make.height.mas_equalTo(245*SCREEN_SCALEIPhone6);
make.width.mas_equalTo(ScreenWidth);
}];
HALRoomTempGiftView *giftView = [[HALRoomTempGiftView alloc] initWithRoomId:self.room_id GiftRoomType:self.gift_roomType IsBackPack:NO TagId:tempModel.tag_id];
[self.scrollContentView addSubview:giftView];
[giftView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.top.mas_equalTo(self.scrollView.mas_top);
if (isRTL()) {
make.leading.mas_equalTo(ScreenWidth *i);
}else{
make.leading.mas_equalTo(ScreenWidth*(i+1));
}
make.height.mas_equalTo(245*SCREEN_SCALEIPhone6);
make.width.mas_equalTo(ScreenWidth);
}];
@weakify(self);
giftView.spec_listBlock = ^(NSArray * _Nonnull array) {
@strongify(self);
self.selectedGiftCountNumber = [array firstObject];
self.numberView.spec_list = array;
[self.selectedNumberBtn configWithNumber:self.selectedGiftCountNumber];
};
giftView.didSelectGiftMoldeBlock = ^(EBCounterItemModel * _Nonnull model) {
@strongify(self);
self.selectedGiftModel = model;
};
[self.giftViews addObject:giftView];
if (i == 0) {
[giftView configurationGiftListData];
}
}
self.giftTitleView.titles = self.titleArray;
[self.scrollContentView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.trailing.top.mas_equalTo(0);
make.width.mas_equalTo(ScreenWidth * self.titleArray.count);
make.height.mas_equalTo(233 * SCREEN_SCALEIPhone6);
}];
self.scrollView.contentSize = CGSizeMake(kScreenWidth*self.titleArray.count, 0);
self.giftTitleView.contentScrollView = self.scrollView;