centos7.6磁盘扩容操作
**
centos7.6磁盘LVM扩容操作
使用fdisk命令查询新增的磁盘，并将新增的磁盘划分分区。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000b3ccf
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/sdb：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x5ab8646e
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
磁盘 /dev/sdc：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：14.2 GB, 14151581696 字节，27639808 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：65536 字节 / 65536 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs devtmpfs 893M 0 893M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 11M 900M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 14G 12G 1.8G 87% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 235M 780M 24% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 4.0K 182M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 28K 182M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 893M 0 893M 0% /dev
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 910M 11M 900M 2% /run
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 14G 12G 1.8G 87% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 235M 780M 24% /boot
tmpfs 182M 4.0K 182M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 182M 28K 182M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 973
Allocated PE 3890
PV UUID gOkNYa-ppJE-fXCb-pM11-g11a-EClr-wyCaXC
^[[D[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 3890 / <15.20 GiB
Free PE / Size 973 / 3.80 GiB
VG UUID qn3DeC-dbfn-Dx21-dccB-SxQm-W6iU-74ACsf
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name pool00
VG Name centos
LV UUID bg815t-8sVP-p5fk-hQFH-coxH-qXmB-REmzDn
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-05-13 12:34:57 +0800
LV Pool metadata pool00_tmeta
LV Pool data pool00_tdata
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size <13.18 GiB
Allocated pool data 89.87%
Allocated metadata 85.89%
Current LE 3374
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID 1DcIsg-4NcA-itxg-gOWF-JUUq-5xy2-Zd0k3E
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-05-13 12:34:57 +0800
LV Pool name pool00
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <13.18 GiB
Mapped size 89.87%
Current LE 3374
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:3
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID Hlh7lX-UR7R-BHZm-r129-bfB3-PZCx-dGG4B5
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-05-13 12:34:58 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:4
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000b3ccf
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/sdb：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x5ab8646e
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
磁盘 /dev/sdc：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：14.2 GB, 14151581696 字节，27639808 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：65536 字节 / 65536 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x2b0014f5 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
磁盘 /dev/sdc：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x2b0014f5
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
使用mkfs将创建的分区格式化成xfs格式，并创建pv。
[root@localhost ~]# man mkfs
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sd
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sd
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdc1
meta-data=/dev/sdc1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1310656 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5242624, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdc1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdc1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/sda2 VG centos lvm2 [<19.00 GiB / 3.80 GiB free]
PV /dev/sdc1 lvm2 [<20.00 GiB]
Total: 2 [<39.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [<19.00 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [<20.00 GiB]
将pv设备加入vg卷组，先用vgdisplay查看原vg卷组名称，加入后vgsize会变大；而后可以通过lvm去分配。
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 3890 / <15.20 GiB
Free PE / Size 973 / 3.80 GiB
VG UUID qn3DeC-dbfn-Dx21-dccB-SxQm-W6iU-74ACsf
[root@localhost ~]# vgex
vgexport vgextend
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdc1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 8
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 38.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9982
Alloc PE / Size 3890 / <15.20 GiB
Free PE / Size 6092 / <23.80 GiB
VG UUID qn3DeC-dbfn-Dx21-dccB-SxQm-W6iU-74ACsf
通过lvm命令去分配空间
lvextend -L +5G /dev/centos/root 分配5g空间给逻辑路径为/dev/centos/root的磁盘
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root 分配所有空间给逻辑路径为/dev/centos/root的磁盘
xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root 使用 xfs_growfs 扩容分配到该路径下的磁盘空间
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name pool00
VG Name centos
LV UUID bg815t-8sVP-p5fk-hQFH-coxH-qXmB-REmzDn
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-05-13 12:34:57 +0800
LV Pool metadata pool00_tmeta
LV Pool data pool00_tdata
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size <13.18 GiB
Allocated pool data 89.89%
Allocated metadata 85.89%
Current LE 3374
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID 1DcIsg-4NcA-itxg-gOWF-JUUq-5xy2-Zd0k3E
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-05-13 12:34:57 +0800
LV Pool name pool00
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <41.98 GiB
Mapped size 28.22%
Current LE 10746
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:3
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID Hlh7lX-UR7R-BHZm-r129-bfB3-PZCx-dGG4B5
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-05-13 12:34:58 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:4
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +5G /dev/centos/root
WARNING: Sum of all thin volume sizes (<18.18 GiB) exceeds the size of thin pool centos/pool00 (<13.18 GiB).
WARNING: You have not turned on protection against thin pools running out of space.
WARNING: Set activation/thin_pool_autoextend_threshold below 100 to trigger automatic extension of thin pools before they get full.
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <13.18 GiB (3374 extents) to <18.18 GiB (4654 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs devtmpfs 893M 0 893M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 11M 900M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 14G 12G 1.8G 87% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 235M 780M 24% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 4.0K 182M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 32K 182M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=215936 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=3454976, imaxpct=25
= sunit=16 swidth=16 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=16 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 3454976 to 4765696
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs devtmpfs 893M 0 893M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 11M 900M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 19G 12G 6.8G 63% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 235M 780M 24% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 4.0K 182M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 32K 182M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root
WARNING: Sum of all thin volume sizes (<41.98 GiB) exceeds the size of thin pool centos/pool00 and the size of whole volume group (38.99 GiB).
WARNING: You have not turned on protection against thin pools running out of space.
WARNING: Set activation/thin_pool_autoextend_threshold below 100 to trigger automatic extension of thin pools before they get full.
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <18.18 GiB (4654 extents) to <41.98 GiB (10746 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=23, agsize=215936 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4765696, imaxpct=25
= sunit=16 swidth=16 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=16 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4765696 to 11003904
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs devtmpfs 893M 0 893M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 11M 900M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 42G 12G 31G 28% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 235M 780M 24% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 4.0K 182M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 32K 182M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
操作完成