使用LVM对服务器磁盘进行扩容

使用LVM进行磁盘扩容

1、在虚拟机目录添加磁盘

硬盘2为新添加的磁盘

2、lsblk查看系统的磁盘情况

sdb为新加的磁盘，大小为10G，我们的目标为将根目录 （klas-root 253:0 0 99.8G 0 lvm / ）扩容到110G

3、 硬盘分区

[root@tpops ~]# fdisk -l ##查看所有硬盘信息
Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk    
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5e751d69

Device     Boot  Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *      2048    411647    409600  200M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       411648 209715199 209303552 99.8G 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk    
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/klas-root: 99.82 GiB, 107160272896 bytes, 209297408 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@tpops ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb    ##分区

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.35.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x55988a9b.

Command (m for help): n   ##新建
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):   ##直接enter默认

Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1): ##直接enter默认
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): ##直接enter默认
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): ##直接enter默认

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.

Command (m for help): p  ##查看详情
Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk    
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x55988a9b

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 20971519 20969472  10G 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w  ##保存
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.


[root@tpops ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb   ##修改类型 

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.35.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): t ##修改类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e ##LVM的分区代码
Changed type of partition 'Linux LVM' to 'Linux LVM'.

Command (m for help): w ##保存
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
 

4、创建物理卷

[root@tpops ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1   ##创建物理卷
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
  
  查看物理卷详情 
  
[root@tpops ~]# pvdisplay ##查看物理卷详情 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               klas
  PV Size               99.80 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25549
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          25549
  PV UUID               00KZbw-0Huv-vMDv-emeY-WKeI-kA6Z-slvq1s
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<10.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <10.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               Hcl0LC-57hq-h3ph-xi0M-PVk4-Od6r-JTI4P6

将物理卷PV加入卷组VG
 
Bash
[root@tpops ~]# vgdisplay ##查看卷组情况
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               klas  ##卷组的名称
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               99.80 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25549
  Alloc PE / Size       25549 / 99.80 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               cOs0jz-YCrA-jf3a-DBHd-jYOx-1mTG-42aKdW

5、将新的分区/dev/sdb1加入到卷组中，这里的卷组名为klas

Bash
[root@tpops ~]# vgextend klas /dev/sdb1 
  Volume group "klas" successfully extended
添加完成后再次查看卷组信息
Bash
[root@tpops ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               klas
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               <109.80 GiB ##对比上面的信息容量增加了10g
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              28108
  Alloc PE / Size       25549 / 99.80 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2559 / <10.00 GiB    ##可用已经多了将近10G
  VG UUID               cOs0jz-YCrA-jf3a-DBHd-jYOx-1mTG-42aKdW

6、 扩容已有分区

下面是对现有分区进行逻辑卷扩容，我们这里根分区为100G，我们准备扩容根分区
查看根分区的LV路径

[root@tpops ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                31G     0   31G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   31G   24K   31G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   31G  9.3M   31G   1% /run
tmpfs                   31G     0   31G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/klas-root  100G   34G   67G  34% /
tmpfs                   31G  684K   31G   1% /tmp
/dev/sda1              195M  184M   12M  95% /boot
tmpfs                  6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/user/993
tmpfs                  6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/user/1000
tmpfs                  6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/user/0

下面进行扩容

[root@tpops ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/klas-root
  Size of logical volume klas/root changed from 99.80 GiB (25549 extents) to <109.80 GiB (28108 extents).
  Logical volume klas/root successfully resized.

查看扩容后的逻辑卷大小

[root@tpops ~]# lvdisplay /dev/mapper/klas-root
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/klas/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                klas
  LV UUID                WIF4tK-mt6v-Y1YH-7eKE-1cQ5-7fbH-5rl7zw
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-10-26 14:14:12 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <109.80 GiB
  Current LE             28108
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

使用xfs_growfs进行在线调整xfs格式的文件系统大小

[root@tpops ~]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/klas-root  isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6540544 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=26162176, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=12774, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 26162176 to 28782592

ext4格式在线调整为resize2fs    xfs格式在线调整为xfs_growfs

最后查看根分区的大小是否扩容成功

[root@tpops ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                31G     0   31G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   31G   24K   31G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   31G  9.3M   31G   1% /run
tmpfs                   31G     0   31G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/klas-root  110G   34G   77G  31% /
tmpfs                   31G  684K   31G   1% /tmp
/dev/sda1              195M  184M   12M  95% /boot
tmpfs                  6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/user/993
tmpfs                  6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/user/1000
tmpfs                  6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/user/0