老子说 - 道德经(9)

第九章

[原文]
持而盈之①,不如其已②;揣而锐之③,不可长保④。金玉满堂,莫之能守;富贵而骄,自遗其咎⑤。功成身退⑥,天之道也⑦。

[译文]
执持盈满,不如适时停止;显露锋芒,锐势难以保持长久。金玉满堂,无法守藏;如果富贵到了骄横的程度,那是自己留下了祸根。一件事情做的圆满了,就要含藏收敛,这是符合自然规律的道理。

【导读】
本章是在宣扬适可而止,恰到好处的观念。探索宇宙的起源是一个庞大工程,一个人耗尽一生可能都不会有什么成就,所以,要想有点成就,就得做到适可而止,使一切恰到好处。探索宇宙起源之所以困难,在于“数”太多太大,属于大数和素数的研究范围。“功成、名遂”是要进入非常道范畴,“身退”是指从非常道范畴退回到常道范畴。另外,老子认为,把适可而止恰到好处的观念引伸到社会生活的范围也同样是适用的。

以下是林语堂译本:

Stretch (a bow) to the very full,
And you will wish you had stopped in time.
Temper a (sword-edge) to its very sharpest,
And the edge will not last long.
When gold and jade fill your hall,
You will not be able to keep them safe.
To be proud with wealth and honor
Is to sow seeds of one's own downfall.
Retire when your work is done,
Such is Heaven's way.

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