高中英语 | 超全的数字、日期及时间的英文表达



数词

1. 定义和特征

(1)表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫做数词(numeral)。

(2)数词与不定代词相似,其用法或者相当于形容词,或者相当于名词。

2. 种类

基数词:表示"多少"的词叫做基数词(cardinal numeral),如:one (一),twenty(二十),hundred(百)等。

序数词:表示"第几"的词叫做序数词(ordinal numeral),如:first (第一),twentieth (第二十),hundredth(第一百)等。

(1)基数词

100以下的基本的基数词

1 one

11 eleven

2 two

12 twelve

3 three

13 thirteen

4 four

14 fourteen

5 five

15 fifteen

6 six

16 sixteen

7 seven

17 seventeen

8 eight

18 eighteen

9 nine

19 nineteen

10 ten

20 twenty

21 twenty-one

60 sixty

30 thirty

70 seventy

40 forty

80 eighty

50 fifty

90 ninety

说明:

①13-19皆以后缀-teen结尾,它们都有两个重音。注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的发音和拼法。

②20-90第十位数的整数均以后缀-ty结尾。

③十位数和个位数之间须用连字号"-"。如:twenty-one(二十一),fifty-five(五十五),ninety-nine(九十九)等。

100以上的基本的基数词

100 hundred

1,000 thousand

1,000,000 million 百万

100,000,000 hundred million 一亿

1,000 million (=billion)十亿

499 four hundred and ninety-nine(101-999如此构成)

3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventy-six (1001-9999皆如此构成)

57,453 fifty-seven thousand four hundred and fifty-three(10001-99999)皆如此构成)

768, 921 seven hundred sixty-eight thousand nine hundred and twenty-one

8,641, 457 eight million six hundred forty-one thousand four hundred and fifty-seven

50, 000, 000 fifty million

500, 000, 000 five hundred million

5, 000, 000, 000 five thousand million(或five billion)

50, 000, 000, 000 fifty thousand million (或fifty billion)

说明:

①100和100以上的基数词须用hundred,thousand,million, billion等。

②十位数与百位数之间有and。但也有不用and的情况,如850可以读作eight hundred fifty。

(2)基数词的用法

基数词在句中可用作下列句子成分:

1)主语

Two plus nine is eleven.二加九等于十一。

Four times six is twenty-four. 四乘六得二十四。

Three of them went to college last year.他们当中去年有三人上大学了。

(如说the three of them,意思则是"他们三个人")

2)宾语

Give me two.给我两个。

3)定语

There are nineteen students in our class.我们班有十九个同学。

My uncle bought two hand tractors recently.我叔叔最近买了两台手扶拖拉机。

(注)hundred(百),thousand(千)和million(百万)作定语用时一律不用复数;作名词用(后面多跟of短语)时则用复数。如:

Our country has a population of l,200 million people.我国有十二亿人口。

There are three thousand students in the university.这所大学有三千学生。

Rice has been cultivated in the East for thousands of years.水稻在东方已经种植了几千年。

Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.玉米是全世界千百万人最主要的粮食。

4)表语

She is just fourteen.她刚十四岁。

He was already forty when he began to learn English他开始学英语时已经四十岁了。

(3)序数词

1-99的基本的序数词

first 第一

second 2nd 第 二

third 3rd 第三

fouth 4th 第四

fifth 5th 第五

sixth 6th 第六

seventh 7th 第七

eighth 8th 第八

ninth 9th 第九

tenth 10th 第十

eleventh 11th 第十一

twelfth 12th 第十二

thirteenth 13th 第十三

nineteenth 19th 第十九

twentieth 20th 第二十

fortieth 40th 第四十

fifty-first 51st 第五十一

sixty-second 62nd 第六十二

eighty-third 83rd 第八十三

ninety-fourth 94th 第九十四

说明:

1)英语序数词1-19除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词后加-th构成。

2)有几个序数词加 -th 时拼法不规则,它们是:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。

3)十位整数的序数词的构成方法是:先将十位整数基数词的词尾 -ty 中的y变成i,然后加-eth。

4)基数词"几十几"变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。如twenty-one变成twenty-first。

5)序数词的缩写形式,由阿拉伯数码后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st,82nd,93rd,94th等。

(4)序数词的用法

序数词在句中可用作下列各个句子成分:

1)主语

The first is better than the second.第一个比第二个要好。

2)宾语

He was among the first to arrive.他是首批到达的。

3)定语

China exploded its first atom bomb in October 1964.中国于1964年10月爆炸了第一颗原子弹。

His father died in the Second World War.他父亲在第二次世界大战中死去。

4)表语

Jack is always the first to get to the office in the morning.杰克每天早晨总是第一个到办公室。

[注]序数词前面常用定冠词the。

◆分数和小数

1. 分数(fraction)分子为基数词,分母为序数词并有复数。

1/2 one half;

1/3 one-third;

2/3 two-thirds;

1/4 one-fourth或 one quarter;

3/4 three-fourths或 three quarters;

2 3/5 two and three-fifths.

2. 小数(decimal)

0.5 zero point five;

1.25 one point two five;

3.458 three point four five eight.

时间点的表达

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1.所有的时间都可以用“小时+分钟”直接读:

6:10 six ten

8:30 eight thirty

2:40 two forty

2.如果所表述的时间在半小时之内,可以用“分钟+past+小时”:

6:10 ten past six

4:20 twenty past four

10:25 twenty-five past ten

3.如果所表述的时间在半小时之外,可以用“(相差的)分钟+to+(下一)小时”:

10:35 twenty-five to eleven

5:50 ten to six

9:49 eleven to ten

4.如果所表述的时间恰好为半小时,可以用“half+past+小时”:

11:30 half past eleven

2:30 half past two

5.如果所表述的分钟和15有关,就有三种表达法:

(15分钟又叫一刻钟:a quarter)

9:15 nine fifteen;fifteen past nine;a quarter past nine

3:45 three forty-five;fifteen to four;a quarter to four

6.整点的表达:

现在是两点整。It's two./It's two o'clock.

另外英语中的noon和midnight可分别直接表示白天和夜晚的12点:

It's(twelve)noon.现在是中午十二点。

It's(twelve)midnight.现在是半夜零点。

7.大约时间:

It's almost two.马上到两点了。

It's not quite two.还不到两点。

It's just after two.刚过两点。

8.若想表明是上午,可在时间后加上a.m.

如:thirteen past six a.m.(上午六点十三分)。

若想表明是下午,可在时间后加上p.m.

如:four o'clock p.m.(下午四点)。

9.句子范例

1.It's nine forty-five.=It's a quarter to ten.

2.It's two seventeen.=It's seventeen past two.

3.It's three.=It's three o'clock.

4.It's nine thirty.=It's half past nine.

5.It's six fifteen.=It's a quarter past six.

6.It's three fifty.=It's ten to four.


世纪、年代、年、月、日的表达


1.世纪

①用“定冠词+序数词+century”表示

例:在十七世纪写作:in the 17th century,读作:in the seventeenth century

②用“定冠词+百位进数+s”表示

例:在十七世纪写作:in the 1600s,读作:in the sixteen hundreds

注意:这种情况下,实际表达的世纪数是阿拉伯数字本身加一。

2.年代

用“定冠词+(世纪百位进数+十位年代数)+s”表示

例:在二十世纪三十年代写作:in the 1930s,读作:in the thirties of the twentieth century或in the nineteen thirties

表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后添加early,mid-和late

例如:

在二十世纪二十年代早期in the early 1920s;

在二十世纪五十年代中期in the mid-1950s

3.年月日

1)年份

①读年份时一般分为两个单位来读,前两个数为一个,后两个数为一个:

1949读作:nineteen forty-nine或nineteen hundred and forty-nine

②如果是三位数,先读第一位,再把后两个数合起来读:

253读作:two fifty-three或two hundred and fifty-three

③另外:2000读作:two thousand,1902读作:nineteen hundred and two或nineteen o two

④如果要使用year,year放在数词之前

例如:in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年

2)月份

月份是专有名词,除了少数几个月份外都有缩写形式:

January-Jan.一月

February-Feb.二月

March-Mar.三月

April-Apr.四月

August-Aug.八月

September-Sept.九月

October-Oct.十月

November-Nov.十一月

December-Dec.十二月

注意:缩写形式后面的点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。

3)日期

用序数词表示

例:十月一日写作:October 1,October 1st,1 October,1st October,(the)1st of October等,其中的October都可以写成缩写形式Oct.

读作:October the first或the first of October

4)年月日

用英语表达年月日的顺序:

①月日年

例:2002年1月17日

写作:January 17(th),2002或January seventeenth,2002(日和年之间需用逗号隔开)

读作:January the seventeenth,two thousand and two

②日月年

例:2002年1月17日

写作:17(th)January,2002或the seventeenth of January,2002(月和年之间需用逗号隔开)

读作:the seventeenth of January,two thousand and two

4.介词的使用

若指在哪一年或哪一月,用介词in;若具体到某一天,需用介词on。

例如:

She was born in 1989.

She was born in August.

She was born in August 1989.

She was born on 2nd August,1989.


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