chapter 5 Cloud-Enabling Technology

原文:我的blog
一.单选题(共10题,40.0分)
1
Established and deployed by ISPs, the Internet’s largest backbone(主干) networks are strategically interconnected by core ____ that connect the world’s multinational networks.
A
routers
B
switches
C
modems
D
firewalls
答案:A ISP(网络服务提供商)通过核心路由器来链接世界上不同国家之间的网络

2
Virtualization technology enables different virtual servers to share one physical server. This process is called _____
A
Hardware Independence
B
Server Consolidation
C
Resource Replication
D
Virtualization management
答案:B
Virtualization technology enable different virtual service to share one physical service .This process is called service consolidation。
服务器整合技术允许在一台主机上建立多个虚拟服务器。
The different virtual servers can run different guest operating systems on the same host.
服务器整合带来了灵活性,使得不同的虚拟服务器可以在同一个主机上运行不同的客户操作系统。

3
The resource abstraction and control of the ____ layer is comprised(包含) of operational and management tools that are often based on virtualization platforms.
A
transport
B
network
C
physical IT resource
D
virtualization
答案:D
现代数据中心是指一种特殊的IT基础设施,用于集中放置IT资源,包括:服务器(services)、数据库(data-bases)、网络与通信设备(networking and telecommunication devices)以及软件系统(software system)。
数据中心包含了物理和虚拟的IT资源。
(1)物理IT资源层是指放置计算/网络系统和设备,以及硬件系统及其操作系统的基础设施。
(2)虚拟层对资源进行抽象和控制,通常是由虚拟化平台(virtualization platform)上的运行和管理工具构成。

4
Virtualization is the process of converting a ____ IT resource into a virtual IT resource.
A
software

B
logical

C
physical

D
All
答案:C
将物理上的IT资源转换成虚拟的

5
Virtualization software runs on a physical server called a ______, whose underlying hardware is made accessible by the virtualization software.
A
host
B
client
C
browser
D
none
答案:A
在物理服务器上运行的虚拟化软件叫做主机,虚拟化软件可以访问底层硬件。

6
Through hardware independence(独立), virtual servers can easily be moved to another virtualization host, automatically resolving multiple hardware-software _____ issues.
A
independence
B
unreliability(不可靠的)
C
unavailability(无效性)
D
incompatibility(不兼容)
答案:D
由于物理服务器的硬件无关性,虚拟服务器可以很轻松的从一个主机转移到另外一个主机,这自动的解决了硬件和软件不兼容的问题。

7
Virtual servers are created as virtual disk images that contain ______ file copies of hard disk content.
A
binary
B
Decimal
C
Hexadecimal
D
ASCII
答案:A
虚拟服务器是由虚拟的磁盘镜像创建的,虚拟的磁盘镜像包含对硬盘数据的二进制文件的拷贝。

8
Virtualization infrastructure management (VIM) tools that collectively(集体的) manage ______ and rely on a centralized management module.
A
virtual IT resources
B
physical IT resources
C
both A and B
D
None
答案:A
VIM (virtual infrastructure management 虚拟基础设施管理器,用于协调与VM实例创建相关的物理服务器)

9
Which factor(因素) leads to suffer network service-level degradation(降级)?
A
bandwidth reduction
B
latency increase
C
packet loss
D
ALL
答案:D
宽带减小,延迟增加,包丢失都会导致服务水平下降。

10
What is the problem that virtualization can’t solve? ____________
A
hardware independence
B
resource replication
C
simple operations
D
server consolidation
答案:C
抄笔记

5.3虚拟化技术(Virtualization Technology) 虚拟化是将物理IT资源转化为虚拟IT资源的过程。

运行虚拟化的物理服务器称为主机(host)或物理主机(physical host)。

与虚拟机管理相关的服务的软件称为虚拟机管理器(virtual muachine manager)或虚拟机监视器(virtual
Machine monitor),最常见的名称为虚拟机监控器(hypervisor)。

虚拟机监控器由处理硬件管理功能的软件构成,形成了虚拟化管理层。

Hypervisor exists as a thin layer of software that handles hardware
management functions to establish a virtualization management layer.

5.3.1硬件无关性(Hardware Independence)
5.3.2服务器整合(Server Consolidation) 一个虚拟主机上可以同时创建多个虚拟服务器。

虚拟化技术允许不同的虚拟服务器共享同一个物理服务器。

通常用来提高硬件利用率,负载均衡以及对可用的IT资源的优化。

The different virtual servers can run different guest operating
systems on the same host.

服务器整合带来了灵活性,使得不同的虚拟服务器可以在同一个主机上运行不同的客户操作系统。

The coordinate function that is provided by the virtualization
software allows multiple virtual service to be simultaneously created
in the same virtualization host. Virtualization technology enable
different virtual service to share one physical service .This process
is called service consolidation。

5.3.3资源复制(Resource Replication)
5.3.4基于操作系统的虚拟化(Operating System-Based Virtualization) 是指在一个已存在的操作系统上安装虚拟化软件,这个已存在的操作系统被称为宿主操作系统(host operating system)。

虚拟化软件将需要特殊操作软件的硬件IT资源转化为兼容多个操作系统的虚拟IT资源。

Virtualization software translates hardware IT resources into
virtualized IT resources.

5.3.5基于硬件的虚拟化(Hardware-Based Virtualization) 基于硬件的虚拟化是指将虚拟化软件直接安装在物理主机硬件上,从而绕过宿主操作系统,这也适用于基于操作系统的虚拟化。

主要问题是与硬件设备的兼容比硬件的虚拟化通常更高效。

5.3.6虚拟化管理(Virtualization Management) 虚拟化IT资源的管理通常是由虚拟化基础设施管理(virtualization Infrastructure management
,VIM)工具实现的。

5.3.7其他考量 (1)性能开销(performance overhead)

(2)特殊硬件兼容性(special hardware compatibility)

(3)可移植性(portability)

二.判断题(共8题,40.0分)
1
All clouds must be connected to a network.
答案:正确
2
Operating system-based virtualization is more efficient than hardware-based virtualization.
答案:错误
基于硬件的虚拟化是指将虚拟化软件直接安装在物理主机硬件上,从而绕过宿主操作系统,这也适用于基于操作系统的虚拟化。
主要问题是与硬件设备的兼容比硬件的虚拟化通常更高效。

3
Data centers consist of only physical IT resources.
答案:错误
不仅有物理的,还有虚拟的IT资源

4
t virtual servers can run different guest operating systems on the same host.
答案:正确
5
Virtualization software translates hardware IT resources into virtualized IT resources.
答案:正确
6
PaaS ready-made environments enable cloud consumers to develop and deploy Web applications.
答案:正确
PaaS ready-made environments enable cloud consumers to develop and deploy Web applications.
7
The multitenant(多租户) application design was created to enable multiple users to access the same application logic simultaneously.
答案:正确

5.5多租户技术(Multi tenant Technology) The multitenant application design was created to enable multiple users to access the same application
logic simultaneously.

设计多租户应用的目的是使得多个用户(多租户)在逻辑上同时访问同一个应用。

The multitenant applications ensure that tenants do not have access to
data and configuration information that is not their own.

多租户应用确保每一个租户都不会访问到不属于自己的数据和配置信息。

租户可以独立定制的应用特征:

(1)用户界面(user interface)

(2)业务流程(business process)

(3)数据模型(data model)

(4)访问控制(access control)

多租户应用的特点:

(1)使用隔离(usage isolation)

(2)数据安全(data security)

(3)可恢复性(recovery)

(4)应用升级(application upgrade)

(5)可扩展性(scalability)

(6)使用计费(metered usage)

(7)数据层隔离(data tier isolation)**

8
Multitenant applications ensure that tenants(租户) do not have access to data and configuration information that is not their own.
答案:正确
三.简答题(共1题,20.0分)
1
What are the cloud-enabling technology?
答案:
Given the requirements that we listed in terms of what a cloud system has to incorporate ,several different technologies come into play,those technologies are called cloud-enabling technology.
1 Data Center Technology
2 Virtualization Technology
3 Web Technology
4 Multi tenant Technology
5 Service Technology
由于我们对云技术的要求,几个不同的云技术被应用在云上以达到我们的需求,他们的统称叫做云使能技术,包括数据中心技术,虚拟化技术,web技术,多租户技术,服务技术

数据中心技术:一种特殊的IT基础设施,用于集中放置IT资源;
虚拟化技术:是将物理IT资源转换为虚拟IT资源的过程,虚拟服务器使用自己的客户操作系统,独立于创建虚拟服务器的操作系统,在虚拟服务器上运行的客户操作系统和应用软件,都不会感知到虚拟化的过程;
Web技术:WWW是由通过Internet访问的互联IT资源构成的系统,其两个基本组件是Web浏览器客户端和Web服务器;
多租户技术:使用隔离,数据安全,可恢复性,应用升级,可扩展性,使用计费,数据层隔离;
服务技术:基于Web的服务(如Web服务和REST服务)依靠非专有通信和技术接口定义来建立基于Web技术的标准通信框架,服务代理提供事件驱动运行时处理,适用于云中大量的功能。许多代理都自动部署在操作系统和基于云的产品中,服务中间件(如ESB和业务流程平台)可以在云上部署。

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