【FreeRADIUS】使用FreeRADIUS进行SSH身份验证

在数据中心中，可能有许多Linux机器，由管理员团队进行管理。这些管理员通过SSH访问这些服务器。如果希望使用一个集中的位置来管理这些管理员的身份验证。那么为了实现这一点，可以使用FreeRADIUS服务器。FreeRADIUS是一个功能强大的开源工具，可支持多种身份验证协议，提供更灵活的身份验证管理选项。通过配置FreeRADIUS服务器，您可以集中管理管理员的身份验证，提高数据中心的安全性和效率。

接下来将向你展示如何使用FreeRADIUS进行SSH身份验证。

拓扑图

前提条件：

1. 一台提供RADIUS服务的FreeRADIUS服务器，如何配置可参考FreeRADIUS+LDAP+Google Auth的双重验证
2. 一台客户端【Ubuntu 22.04】，sudo权限的用户
3. 两台设备之间可以互通

实施：

1. 安装必要的软件包，以便客户端可以通过以下命令与FreeRADIUS进行交互

apt-get install libpam-radius-auth freeradius-utils -y
root@ud-Virtual-Machine:/home/ud# apt-get install libpam-radius-auth freeradius-utils -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
freeradius-utils is already the newest version (3.0.26~dfsg~git20220223.1.00ed0241fa-0ubuntu3.1).
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libpam-radius-auth
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 25.4 kB of archives.
After this operation, 84.0 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libpam-radius-auth amd64 2.0.0-1 [25.4 kB]
Fetched 25.4 kB in 8s (3,342 B/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libpam-radius-auth.
(Reading database ... 182939 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-radius-auth_2.0.0-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpam-radius-auth (2.0.0-1) ...
Setting up libpam-radius-auth (2.0.0-1) ...

2. 修改配置文件

i. 编辑/etc/pam_radius_auth.conf文件，并注释掉默认的4行。然后添加一行，指定RADIUS服务器的IP地址和共享密钥。

root@ud-Virtual-Machine:/home/ud# cat /etc/pam_radius_auth.conf
#  pam_radius_auth configuration file.  Copy to: /etc/raddb/server
#
......
#  Note: specifying a source_ip field is mandatory due to config parsing,
#  but if not needed it can be just set to 0.
#
# server[:port]             shared_secret      timeout (s)  source_ip            vrf
#127.0.0.1                   secret             3
#other-server                other-secret       5            192.168.1.10         vrf-blue
#[2001:0db8:85a3::4]:1812    other6-secret      3            [2001:0db8:85a3::3]  vrf-red
#other-other-server          other-other-secret 5            0                    vrf-blue
10.2.112.4:1812              testing123         30
#
# having localhost in your radius configuration is a Good Thing.
#
# See the INSTALL file for pam.conf hints.

ii. 编辑/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件，启用ssh服务中的PAM认证。

root@ud-Virtual-Machine:/home/ud# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
......
# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
KbdInteractiveAuthentication yes
......
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the KbdInteractiveAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via KbdInteractiveAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and KbdInteractiveAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes
......

iii. 编辑/etc/pam.d/sshd文件，启用带有Radius的PAM模块。

root@ud-Virtual-Machine:/home/ud# cat /etc/pam.d/sshd
# PAM configuration for the Secure Shell service

#Radius authentication
auth sufficient pam_radius_auth.so
......
root@ud-Virtual-Machine:/home/ud#

3. 重启SSHD服务

service ssh restart

4. 添加本地账户

root@ud-Virtual-Machine:/home/ud# adduser knightyang --disabled-password --quiet --gecos ""

sudo同时也需要使用FreeRADIUS认证的话需要修改以下：

1. 编辑/etc/pam.d/sudo文件，启用带有Radius的PAM模块

root@ud-Virtual-Machine:/home/ud# cat /etc/pam.d/sudo
#%PAM-1.0

auth sufficient pam_radius_auth.so

# Set up user limits from /etc/security/limits.conf.
session    required   pam_limits.so

session    required   pam_env.so readenv=1 user_readenv=0
session    required   pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale user_readenv=0

@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session-noninteractive
root@ud-Virtual-Machine:/home/ud#

2. 给用户添加sudo权限

root@ud-Virtual-Machine:sudo usermod -aG sudo knightyang