Django项目部署详细步骤

DjangoBlog部署教程

环境

• 系统是ubuntu 18.04 LTS（阿里云主机）
• 假设你的域名是www.jenny.fit
• python虚拟环境目录在 root/python/env
• djangoblog源码位置在 root/python/DjangoBlog
• 登入用户root

安装软件

apt install mysql-server -y 
apt install python3-pip -y
apt install  memcached -y #自由开源的，高性能，分布式内存对象缓存系统,减少数据库的访问次数
apt install supervisor -y#Python开发的一套通用的进程管理程序，能将一个普通的命令行进程变为后台
apt install nginx -y
apt-get install git
apt-get install python-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev #安装mysqlclient依赖

配置python环境

pip3 install virtualenv#python虚拟环境建立
pip3 install gunicorn#UNIX 下的 WSGI HTTP 服务器
mkdir -p  python/env && cd python/env
virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 djangoblog#创建虚拟环境
source djangoblog/bin/activate#进入虚拟环境
(djangoblog) root@jenny:~/python/env#执行完后的结果
cd /root/python/
git clone [email protected]:niezhe/DjangoBlog.git
cd DjangoBlog/
pip install -r requirements.txt

配置mysql数据库

• 设置密码

#安装后默认是没有密码的
mysql -u root
use mysql;
update user set authentication_string=password("你的密码") where user='root';  #(无password字段的版本,也就是版本<=5.7的)
update user set password=password('你的密码') where user='root'; #(有password字段的版本,版本>5.7的)
update user set plugin="mysql_native_password";
flush privileges;

如果出现报错：

#Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

解决办法：

1、查看 mysql 初始的密码策略，

#查看密码策略
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

2 、需要设置密码的验证强度等级

set global validate_password_policy=LOW; 

3、 设置密码长度

set global validate_password_length=4; 

• 设置远程访问

SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user;
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;
vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
#注释下面这行代码
bind-address           = 127.0.0.1

• 修改mysql默认字符集

 vim /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf
 #删除该文件的[mysql]行并贴入如下内容
 [mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
#保存后退出重启mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql restart

• 建立数据库

#登录mysql建立数据库
mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE `djangoblog` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci */;

修改djangoblog配置

• 修改DjangoBlog/settings.py中的DATABASES配置，如下所示，可以将其中的配置写入.bashrc（环境白变量）中

#数据库配置文件
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': os.environ.get('DJANGO_MYSQL_DATABASE') or 'djangoblog',#数据库名字
        'USER': os.environ.get('DJANGO_MYSQL_USER') or 'root',#数据库用户名
        'PASSWORD': os.environ.get('DJANGO_MYSQL_PASSWORD') or 'root',#数据库密码
        'HOST': os.environ.get('DJANGO_MYSQL_HOST') or '127.0.0.1',#数据库连接地址
        'PORT': int(
            os.environ.get('DJANGO_MYSQL_PORT') or 3306),#数据库端口
        'OPTIONS': {
            'charset': 'utf8mb4'},
    }}

#配置写入.bashrc
vim ~/.bashrc
export DJANGO_MYSQL_PASSWORD=jenny#数据库密码
export DJANGO_MYSQL_PORT=3308#数据库端口
#后面会用到
export DJANGO_DEBUG=False#django DEBUG开关
source ~/.bashrc#使环境变量生效

• 开始执行数据库迁移

./manage.py makemigrations
./manage.py migrate
./manage.py createsuperuser #创建用户
#收集static目录下的静态文件到collectstatic 目录
./manage.py collectstatic --no-input
#压缩静态文件
./manage.py compress --force

• 启动django项目

./manage.py runserver
#出现如下表示启动成功，可以使用浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:8000/ 来查看
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
December 15, 2020 - 21:37:36
Django version 3.1.1, using settings 'DjangoBlog.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

gunicorn 配置

#打开文件，粘贴如下内容
vim root/python/gunicorn_start.sh

#!/bin/bash
NAME="DjangoBlog"
DJANGODIR=/root/python/DjangoBlog #Django project directory
USER=root # the user to run as
GROUP=root # the group to run as
NUM_WORKERS=1 # how many worker processes should Gunicorn spawn
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=DjangoBlog.settings # which settings file should Django use
DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE=DjangoBlog.wsgi # WSGI module name

echo "Starting $NAME as `whoami`"

# Activate the virtual environment
cd $DJANGODIR
source /root/python/env/djangoblog/bin/activate
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=$DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
export PYTHONPATH=$DJANGODIR:$PYTHONPATH

# Create the run directory if it doesn't exist
RUNDIR=$(dirname $SOCKFILE)
test -d $RUNDIR || mkdir -p $RUNDIR

# Start your Django Unicorn
# Programs meant to be run under supervisor should not daemonize themselves (do not use --daemon)
exec /root/python/env/djangoblog/bin/gunicorn  ${DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE}:application \
        --name $NAME \
        --workers $NUM_WORKERS \
        --user=$USER --group=$GROUP \
        --log-level=debug \
        --log-file=-

把DjangoBlog/settings.py中的DEBUG = True修改为DEBUG = False
DEBUG关闭后，不加载配网文件，通过nginx来加载配置文件

#增加执行权限
chmod 777 gunicorn_start.sh
./gunicorn_start.sh
#没有报错说明安装成功

nginx配置

# 删除默认配置
rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default 
vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/djangoblog.com.conf
#粘贴下面内容

server {


    listen 80;
    server_name www.jenny.fit;#修改为你自己的域名
    root /root/python/DjangoBlog/;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/django_access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/django_error.log;

    location /static/ {
        alias /root/python/DjangoBlog/collectedstatic/;
        expires max;
        access_log        off;
        log_not_found     off;
    }
    location /media {
        # 静态文件配置
        alias /root/python/DjangoBlog/uploads/;
        expires max;
    }
    location ~ \.py$ {
        return 403;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
        proxy_redirect off;
        if (!-f $request_filename) {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
            break;
        }
    }
}

#重启nginx
/etc/init.d/nginx restart

配置Supervisor

vim /etc/supervisor/conf.d/djangoblog.conf

[program:djangoblog]
command = /root/python//gunicorn_start.sh
user = root
autostart=true
autorestart=true

redirect_stderr = true
stdout_logfile = /var/log/djangoblog.log
stderr_logfile=/var/log/djangoblog.err

supervisorctl update
supervisorctl reload 


#备注Supervisor的常用命令
supervisorctl status        //查看所有进程的状态
supervisorctl stop all       //停止所有任务
supervisorctl start all      //启动所有任务
supervisorctl restart       //重启所有任务
supervisorctl update        //配置文件修改后使用该命令加载新的配置
supervisorctl reload        //重新启动配置中的所有程序

启动项目

/etc/init.d/memcached restart
/etc/init.d/nginx restart

至此，全部完成。你可以通过你的浏览器访问http://www.jenny.fit

注意事项

1. 项目启动后没有css和js
   修改nginx权限，赋予root权限

user root;#这个修改为root权限
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
        worker_connections 768;
        # multi_accept on;
}

2. nginx修改为https
   在nginx目录下新建cert放证书文件,然后修改配置如下etc/nginx/sites-enabled下配置如下：

server {
  

    listen 443;
    server_name www.jenny.fit;
    #新增ssl
    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate  /etc/nginx/cert/4921042_jenny.fit.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/4921042_jenny.fit.key;
    root /root/python/DjangoBlog/;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/django_access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/django_error.log;

    location /static/ {
        alias /root/python/DjangoBlog/collectedstatic/;
        expires max;
        access_log        off;
        log_not_found     off;
    }
    location /media {
        # 静态文件配置
        alias /root/python/DjangoBlog/uploads/;
        expires max;
    }
    location ~ \.py$ {
        return 403;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
        proxy_redirect off;
        if (!-f $request_filename) {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
            break;
         }
    }
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.jenny.fit; #你的域名
    rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; #把http的域名请求转成https
}