如何获得Mybatis?
数据持久化(放到数据库里)
为什么要持久化?
Dao层、Service层、Controller层
帮助程序员将数据存入到数据库中
方便
传统的JDBC代码太复杂了,简化,框架,自动化
不用MyBatis也可以,技术没有高低之分,更容易上手。
优点:
思路:搭建环境 --> 导入MyBatis --> 编写代码 --> 测试
搭建数据库
CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`;
USE `mybatis`;
CREATE TABLE `user`(
`id` INT(20) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`pwd` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `user`(`id`,`name`,`pwd`) VALUES
(1,'张三','123456'),
(2,'李四','123486'),
(3,'王五','146456')
新建项目
1.创建一个普通的maven项目
2.删除src目录 (就可以把此工程当做父工程了,然后创建子工程)
3.导入maven依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>4.11version>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
<version>3.5.10version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>8.0.29version>
dependency>
dependencies>
DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?userSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
dataSource>
environment>
environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/cherry/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
mappers>
configuration>
import java.io.InputStream;
//sqlSessionFactory --> sqlSession
//获取资源创建能执行sql语句的对象
public class MybatisUtils {
static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
static {
try {
//使用Mybatis第一步 :获取sqlSessionFactory对象
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//既然有了 SqlSessionFactory,顾名思义,我们可以从中获得 SqlSession 的实例.
// SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法。
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
package com.cherry.pojo;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public interface UserDao {
public List<User> getUserList();
}
DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cherry.dao.UserDao">
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.cherry.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
select>
mapper>
注意点:
org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Type interface com.kuang.dao.UserDao is not known to the MapperRegistry.
MapperRegistry是什么?
核心配置文件中注册mappers
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/cherry/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
mappers>
package com.cherry.dao;
import com.cherry.pojo.User;
import com.cherry.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void test(){
//1.获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//2.执行SQL
// 方式一:getMapper
UserDao userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);
List<User> userList = userDao.getUserList();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
可能会遇到的问题:
pom.xml添加以下代码:
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>truefiltering>
resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/javadirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>truefiltering>
resource>
resources>
build>
namespace中的包名要和Dao/Mapper接口的包名一致
选择,查询语句;
id:就是对应的namespace中的方法名;
resultType : Sql语句执行的返回值;
parameterType : 参数类型;
1.编写接口
public interface UserMapper {
//查询全部用户
List<User> getUserList();
//根据id查询用户
User getUserById(int id);
//插入用户
public void addUser(User user);
//修改用户
public void updateUser(User user);
//删除用户
public void deleteUser(int id);
}
2.编写配置文件中对应的mapper中的sql语句
<mapper namespace="com.cherry.dao.UserMapper">
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.cherry.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
select>
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.cherry.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
select>
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.cherry.pojo.User">
insert into mybatis.user (id,name,pwd) values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd});
insert>
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.cherry.pojo.User">
update mybatis.user
set name = #{name},pwd=#{pwd} where id= #{id};
update>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
delete>
mapper>
3.测试
@Test
public void test(){
//1.获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//2.执行SQL
// 方式一:getMapper (更简洁的方式)
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); //通过获得接口的对象
List<User> userList = userMapper.getUserList();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void test2() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void test3() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User(4,"黑子","666");
mapper.addUser(user);
//增删改一定要提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void test4() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.updateUser(new User(4,"小白","123456"));
//增删改一定要提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void test5(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.deleteUser(4);
//增删改一定要提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
注意:增删改查一定要提交事务!
sqlSession.commit();
假设,我们的实体类,或者数据库中的表,字段或者参数过多,我们应该考虑使用Map!
1.UserMapper接口
//用万能Map插入用户
public void addUser2(Map<String,Object> map);
2.UserMapper.xml
<insert id="addUser2" parameterType="map">
insert into mybatis.user (id,name,pwd) values (#{userid},#{username},#{userpwd});
insert>
3.测试
@Test
public void test32() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("userid",5);
map.put("username","小黑");
map.put("userped",5456789);
mapper.addUser2(map);
//增删改一定要提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
Map传递参数,直接在sql中取出key即可! 【parameter=“map”】
对象传递参数,直接在sql中取出对象的属性即可! 【parameter=“Object”】
只有一个基本类型参数的情况下,可以直接在sql中取到
多个参数用Map , 或者注解!
模糊查询这么写?
1.Java代码执行的时候,传递通配符% %
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserLike("%李%");
2.在sql拼接中使用通配符
select * from user where name like "%"#{value}"%"
configuration(配置)
properties(属性)
settings(设置)
typeAliases(类型别名)
typeHandlers(类型处理器)
objectFactory(对象工厂)
plugins(插件)
environments(环境配置)
environment(环境变量)
transactionManager(事务管理器)
dataSource(数据源)
databaseIdProvider(数据库厂商标识)
mappers(映射器)
MyBatis 可以配置成适应多种环境
不过要记住:尽管可以配置多个环境,但每个 SqlSessionFactory 实例只能选择一种环境
学会使用配置多套运行环境!
MyBatis默认的事务管理器就是JDBC(还有MANAGED,但默认关闭) ,连接池:POOLED
我们可以通过properties属性来实现引用配置文件
这些属性可以在外部进行配置,并可以进行动态替换。你既可以在典型的 Java 属性文件中配置这些属性,也可以在 properties 元素的子元素中设置。【db.poperties】
1.编写一个配置文件:db.properties
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?userSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC
username=root
password=123456
2.config.xml
<properties resource="db.properties">
properties>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
dataSource>
environment>
environments>
类型别名可为 Java 类型设置一个缩写名字。 它仅用于 XML 配置.
意在降低冗余的全限定类名书写。
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias type="com.kuang.pojo.User" alias="User"/>
typeAliases>
<select id="getUserList" resultType="User">
select * from mybatis.user
select>
也可以指定一个包,每一个在包中的 Java Bean,在没有注解的情况下,会使用 Bean 的首字母小写的非限定类名来作为它的别名。 比如 com.cherry.pojo.User 的别名为user。
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.cherry.pojo"/>
typeAliases>
<select id="getUserList" resultType="user">
select * from mybatis.user
select>
@Alias("myuser")
public class User{
...
}
这是 MyBatis 中极为重要的调整设置,它们会改变 MyBatis 的运行时行为。
MapperRegistry:注册绑定我们的Mapper文件;
方式一:【推荐使用】
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/cherry/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
mappers>
方式二:使用class文件绑定注册
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.cherry.dao.UserMapper"/>
mappers>
注意点:
方式三:使用包扫描进行注入
<mappers>
<package name="com.kuang.dao"/>
mappers>
声明周期和作用域是至关重要的,因为错误的使用会导致非常严重的并发问题。
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder:
一旦创建了SqlSessionFactory,就不再需要它了(工具人)
局部变量
SqlSessionFactory:
说白了就可以想象为:数据库连接池
SqlSessionFactory一旦被创建就应该在应用的运行期间一直存在,没有任何理由丢弃它或重新创建一个实例。
因此SqlSessionFactory的最佳作用域是应用作用域(ApplocationContext)。
最简单的就是使用单例模式或静态单例模式。
SqlSession:
数据库中的字段
新建一个项目,拷贝之前的,测试实体类字段不一致的情况
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String password;
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.kuang.pojo.User">
select id,name,pwd as password from USER where id = #{id}
select>
结果集映射:column数据库中的字段<—>property实体类中的属性
id name pwd
id name password
<resultMap id="UserMap" type="User">
<result column="id" property="id">result>
<result column="name" property="name">result>
<result column="pwd" property="password">result>
resultMap>
<select id="getUserById" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
select>
resultMap 元素是 MyBatis 中最重要最强大的元素。
ResultMap 的设计思想是,对简单的语句做到零配置,对于复杂一点的语句,只需要描述语句之间的关系就行了。
ResultMap 的优秀之处——你完全可以不用显式地配置它们。
如果这个世界总是这么简单就好了。
如果一个数据库操作,出现了异常,我们需要排错,日志就是最好的助手!
曾经:sout、debug
在MyBatis中具体使用哪一个日志实现,在设置中设定
STDOUT_LOGGING标准日志输出
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
settings>
什么是Log4j?
Log4j是Apache的一个开源项目,通过使用Log4j,我们可以控制日志信息输送的目的地是控制台、文件、GUI组件;
我们也可以控制每一条日志的输出格式;
通过定义每一条日志信息的级别,我们能够更加细致地控制日志的生成过程;
最令人感兴趣的就是,这些可以通过一个配置文件来灵活地进行配置,而不需要修改应用的代码。
1.先导入log4j的包
<dependency>
<groupId>log4jgroupId>
<artifactId>log4jartifactId>
<version>1.2.17version>
dependency>
2.log4j.properties
#将等级为DEBUG的日志信息输出到console和file这两个目的地,console和file的定义在下面的代码
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,console,file
#控制台输出的相关设置
log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.console.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]-%m%n
#文件输出的相关设置
log4j.appender.file = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=./log/rzp.log
log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10mb
log4j.appender.file.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yy-MM-dd}][%c]%m%n
#日志输出级别
log4j.logger.org.mybatis=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sq1.PreparedStatement=DEBUG
3.配置settings为log4j实现
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
settings>
Log4j简单使用
1.在要使用Log4j的类中,导入包 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
2.日志对象,参数为当前类的class对象
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserMapperTest.class);
3.日志级别
package com.cherry.dao;
import com.cherry.pojo.User;
import com.cherry.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.junit.Test;
public class UserMapperTest {
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserMapperTest.class);
@Test
public void getUserById(){
//1.获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//2.执行SQL
// 方式一:getMapper (更简洁的方式)
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class); //通过获得接口的对象
User userById = userMapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(userById);
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void testlog4j(){
logger.info("info:进入了testlog4j");
logger.debug("debug:进入了testlog4j");
logger.error("error:进入了testlog4j");
}
}
思考:为什么分页?
使用Limit分页(通过sql层面实现)
SELECT * from user limit startIndex,pageSize
SELECT * from user limit n; # [0,n]
1.接口
//分页
List<User> getUserByLimit(Map<String,Integer> map);
2.Mapper.xml
<select id="getUserByLimit" parameterType="map" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from user limit #{startIndex},#{pageSize}
select>
3.测试
@Test
public void getUserByLimit(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
map.put("startIndex",0);
map.put("pageSize",2);
List<User> list = mapper.getUserByLimit(map);
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
不再使用SQL实现分页
1.接口
//分页2
List<User> getUserByRowBounds();
2.mapper.xml
<select id="getUserByRowBounds" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from mybatis.user
select>
3.测试
@Test
public void getUserByRowBounds(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//RowBounds实现
RowBounds rowBounds = new RowBounds(1, 2);
//通过Java代码层面实现分页
List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("com.kaung.dao.UserMapper.getUserByRowBounds", null, rowBounds);
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
注:不管使用哪种分页它的底层都是limi
大家之前都学过面向对象编程,也学习过接口,但在真正的开发中,很多时候我们会选择面向接口编程
关于接口的理解
三个面向区别
1.注解在接口上实现
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("select * from user")
List<User> getUsers();
}
2.在配置文件中绑定接口
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.cherry.dao.UserMapper">mapper>
mappers>
3.测试
@Test
public void test(){
//第一步:获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//方式一:getMapper
//通过它获得接口 底层主要应用反射
UserMapper mapper= sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = mapper.getUsers();
for (User user : userList){
System.out.println(user);
}
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
本质:反射机制实现
底层:动态代理!
我们可以在工具类创建的时候自动提交事务:
编写接口,增加注解(sql)
package com.cherry.dao;
import com.cherry.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("select * from user")
List<User> getUsers();
//方法存在多个参数时,所有参数前面必须加上@Param("")注解,与sql语句中的#{}对应,都是变量名
@Select("select * from user where id=#{userid}")
User getUserById(@Param("userid") int id); // 数据库pwd和实体类password不一致会导致输出为null
@Insert("insert into user(id,name,pwd) values(#{id},#{name},#{password})")
int addUser(User user);
@Update("update user set name=#{name},pwd=#{password} where id=#{id}")
int updateUser(User user);
@Delete("delete from user where id = #{uid}")
int deleteUser(@Param("uid") int id);
}
测试类
注意:必须要将接口注册绑定到核心配置文件当中
package com.cherry.dao;
import com.cherry.pojo.User;
import com.cherry.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
public class UserMapperTest {
@Test
public void getUsers(){
//第一步:获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//方式一:getMapper
//通过它获得接口
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = mapper.getUsers();
for (User user : userList){
System.out.println(user);
}
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void getUserById(){
//第一步:获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//方式一:getMapper
//通过它获得接口
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User userById = mapper.getUserById(2);
System.out.println(userById);
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void addUser(){
//第一步:获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//方式一:getMapper
//通过它获得接口
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.addUser(new User(4,"CAT","456789"));
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void updateUser(){
//第一步:获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//方式一:getMapper
//通过它获得接口
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.updateUser(new User(5,"小黑","555123"));
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void deleteUser(){
//第一步:获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//方式一:getMapper
//通过它获得接口
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.deleteUser(5);
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
关于@Param()注解
#{} 和 ${} 的区别
简介:Lombok是一个可以通过简单的注解形式来帮助我们简化消除一些必须有但显得很臃肿的Java代码的工具,通过使用对应的注解,可以在编译源码的时候生成对应的方法
使用步骤:
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
@Getter and @Setter
@FieldNameConstants
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
@AllArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @NoArgsConstructor
@Log, @Log4j, @Log4j2, @Slf4j, @XSlf4j, @CommonsLog, @JBossLog, @Flogger, @CustomLog
@Data
@Builder
@SuperBuilder
@Singular
@Delegate
@Value
@Accessors
@Wither
@With
@SneakyThrows
@val
@var
experimental @var
@UtilityClass
Lombok config system
Code inspections
Refactoring actions (lombok and delombok)
常用的:
@Data //无参构造 get、set、toString、hashCode、equals
@AllArgsConstructor //有参构造
@NoArgsConstructor //无参构造
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
@Getter and @Setter
回顾Mysql多对一方式
SQL 创建数据库
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '秦老师');
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
测试环境搭建
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
//学生需要关联一个老师
private Teacher teacher;
}
按照查询嵌套处理(子查询)
<select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select * from student
select>
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
resultMap>
通过结果进行查询(联表查询)
<select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2">
select s.id as sid, s.name as sname,t.name as tname
from student s, teacher t
where s.tid=t.id
select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid">result>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
association>
resultMap>
比如:一个老师拥有多个学生
对于老师而言,一个老师拥有多个学生的关系(一对多)
环境搭建
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
//一个老师 拥有多个学生
private List<Student> students;
}
按照结果嵌套处理
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.id tid, t.name tname
from student s , teacher t
where s.tid=t.id and t.id=#{tid}
select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
<result property="id" column="tid"/>
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
collection>
resultMap>
按照查询嵌套处理
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
select * from teacher where id = #{tid}
select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
<collection property="students" javaType="List" ofType="Student" select="getStudents" column="id" />
resultMap>
<select id="getStudents" resultType="student">
select * from mybatis.student where tid=#{id}
select>
小结
注意点:
面试高频
什么是动态SQL:是指根据不同的条件生成不同的SQL语句
如果你之前用过 JSTL 或任何基于类 XML 语言的文本处理器,你对动态 SQL 元素可能会感觉似曾相识。在 MyBatis 之前的版本中,需要花时间了解大量的元素。借助功能强大的基于 OGNL 的表达式,MyBatis 3 替换了之前的大部分元素,大大精简了元素种类,现在要学习的元素种类比原来的一半还要少。
搭建环境
CREATE TABLE `blog`(
`id` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客id',
`title` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
`author` VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客作者',
`create_time` DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`views` INT(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '浏览量'
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
创建一个基础过程
public class Blog {
private int id;
private String title;
private String author;
private Date createTime;
private int views;
}
<mapper namespace="com.cherry.dao.BlogMapper">
<insert id="addBlog" parameterType="Blog">
insert into mybatis.blog (id,title,author,create_time,views)
values (#{id},#{title},#{author},#{createTime},#{views})
insert>
<select id="queryBlogIF" parameterType="Map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog where 1=1
<if test="title != null">
and title=#{title}
if>
<if test="author != null">
and author=#{author}
if>
select>
mapper>
@Test
public void queryBlogIF(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap<Object, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogIF(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
}
@Test
public void queryBlogIF(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap<Object, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("title","Spring");
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogIF(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
}
MyBatis 提供了choose元素,它有点像 Java 中的switch语句。
<select id="queryBlogChoose" parameterType="Map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog
<where>
<choose>
<when test="title != null">
title=#{title}
when>
<when test="author != null">
and author=#{author}
when>
<otherwise>
and views=#{views}
otherwise>
choose>
where>
select>
where 元素只会在子元素返回任何内容的情况下才插入 “WHERE” 子句。而且,若子句的开头为 “AND” 或 “OR”,where 元素也会将它们去除。
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog
<where>
<if test="title != null">
title=#{title}
if>
<if test="author != null">
and author=#{author}
if>
where>
select>
set 元素会动态地在行首插入 SET 关键字,并会删掉额外的逗号(这些逗号是在使用条件语句给列赋值时引入的)。
<update id="updateBlog" parameterType="map" >
update mybatis.blog
<set>
<if test="title != null">
title=#{title},
if>
<if test="author != null">
author=#{author}
if>
set>
where id=#{id}
update>
trim元素等价于以上两种,书写还是和where 、set中的一样
<update id="updateBlog" parameterType="map" >
update mybatis.blog
<trim prefix="set" suffixOverrides=",">
<if test="title != null">
title=#{title},
if>
<if test="author != null">
author=#{author}
if>
trim>
where id=#{id}
update>
所谓的动态SQL,本质还是SQL语句,只是我们可以在SQL层面,去执行一个逻辑代码
有的时候,我们会将一些公共部分抽取出来,方便复用。
<sql id="if_title_author">
<if test="title != null">
title=#{title}
if>
<if test="author != null">
and author=#{author}
if>
sql>
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog
<where>
<include refid="if_title_author">include>
where>
select>
注意事项:
<select id="queryBlogForeach" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog
<where>
<foreach collection="ids" item="id" open="and (" close=")" separator="or">
id = #{id}
foreach>
where>
select>
@Test
public void queryBlogForeach(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap<Object, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
ArrayList<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
ids.add(1);
ids.add(2);
map.put("ids",ids);
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogForeach(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
动态SQL就是在拼接语句,我们只要保证SQL的正确性,按照SQL的格式,去排列组合就可以了
建议:先在Mysql中写出完整的SQL,再去对应的去修改成为我们的动态SQL实现通用即可!
一级缓存也叫本地缓存:
测试步骤:
@Test
public void test(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user1 = mapper.queryUserById(1);
System.out.println(user1);
System.out.println("================");
User user2 = mapper.queryUserById(1);
System.out.println(user2);
System.out.println(user1==user2);
sqlSession.close();
}
缓存失效的情况:
@Test
public void test(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user1 = mapper.queryUserById(1);
System.out.println(user1);
sqlSession.clearCache(); //手动清理缓存
System.out.println("================");
User user2 = mapper.queryUserById(2);
System.out.println(user2);
System.out.println(user1==user2);
sqlSession.close();
}
小结:一级缓存默认是开启的,只在一次SqlSession中有效,也就是拿到连接到关闭连接这个区间段
一级缓存就是一个Map。
使用步骤:
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
<cache/>
也可以自定义一些参数
<cache eviction="FIFO"
flushInterval="60000"
size="512"
readOnly="true"/>
@Test
public void test1(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
SqlSession sqlSession2 = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
UserMapper mapper2 = sqlSession2.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user1 = mapper.queryUserById(1);
System.out.println(user1);
System.out.println("================");
User user2 = mapper2.queryUserById(1);
System.out.println(user2);
sqlSession.close();
sqlSession2.close();
}
sql语句从数据库中查了两次
开启二级缓存
DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cherry.dao.UserMapper">
<cache eviction="FIFO"
flushInterval="60000"
size="512"
readOnly="true"/>
<select id="queryUserById" resultType="user">
select * from user where id = #{id}
select>
mapper>
@Test
public void test(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
SqlSession sqlSession2 = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user1 = mapper.queryUserById(1);
System.out.println(user1);
sqlSession.close();
System.out.println("================");
UserMapper mapper2 = sqlSession2.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user2 = mapper2.queryUserById(1);
System.out.println(user2);
sqlSession2.close();
}
第二次直从二级缓存中取出结果
问题:我们需要将实体类序列化!否则就会报错!
public class User implements Serializable {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
}
小结:
Ehcache是一种广泛使用的java分布式缓存,用于通用缓存;
要在应用程序中使用Ehcache,需要引入依赖的jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.cachesgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-ehcacheartifactId>
<version>1.1.0version>
dependency>
在mapper.xml中使用对应的缓存即可
<mapper namespace = “org.acme.FooMapper” >
<cache type = “org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache” />
mapper>
编写ehcache.xml文件,如果在加载时未找到/ehcache.xml资源或出现问题,则将使用默认配置。
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd"
updateCheck="false">
<diskStore path="./tmpdir/Tmp_EhCache"/>
<defaultCache
eternal="false"
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
overflowToDisk="false"
diskPersistent="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="1800"
timeToLiveSeconds="259200"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>
<cache
name="cloud_user"
eternal="false"
maxElementsInMemory="5000"
overflowToDisk="false"
diskPersistent="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="1800"
timeToLiveSeconds="1800"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>
ehcache>
以后使用redis做数据库缓存