国庆中秋特辑系列文章:
国庆中秋特辑(八)Spring Boot项目如何使用JPA
国庆中秋特辑(七)Java软件工程师常见20道编程面试题
国庆中秋特辑(六)大学生常见30道宝藏编程面试题
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国庆中秋特辑(四)MySQL如何性能调优?上篇
国庆中秋特辑(三)使用生成对抗网络(GAN)生成具有节日氛围的画作,深度学习框架 TensorFlow 和 Keras 来实现
国庆中秋特辑(二)浪漫祝福方式 使用生成对抗网络(GAN)生成具有节日氛围的画作
国庆中秋特辑(一)浪漫祝福方式 用循环神经网络(RNN)或长短时记忆网络(LSTM)生成祝福诗词
Spring AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming,面向切面编程)是 Spring 框架的一个重要模块。
Spring AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming,面向切面编程)是 Spring 框架的一个重要模块,用于提供声明式的事务管理、日志记录、性能监控等功能。Spring AOP 底层依赖于 AspectJ 实现,可以与 Spring 框架无缝集成,提供一种更加简单、直观的方式来处理企业应用中的常见问题。
以下通过一个简单的案例来演示 Spring AOP 的使用。
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="target" class="com.example.TargetClass">bean>
<bean id="aspect" class="com.example.AspectClass">bean>
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<aop:aspect ref="aspect">
<aop:before pointcut="execution(* com.example.TargetClass.*(..))" method="com.example.AspectClass.beforeAdvice">aop:before>
<aop:after pointcut="execution(* com.example.TargetClass.*(..))" method="com.example.AspectClass.afterAdvice">aop:after>
aop:aspect>
aop:config>
beans>
package com.example;
public class TargetClass {
public int doAdd(int a, int b) {
System.out.println("TargetClass doAdd method called");
return a + b;
}
public int doSubtract(int a, int b) {
System.out.println("TargetClass doSubtract method called");
return a - b;
}
}
package com.example;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
public class AspectClass {
@Before("execution(* com.example.TargetClass.*(..))")
public void beforeAdvice(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
System.out.println("Before advice: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
}
@After("execution(* com.example.TargetClass.*(..))")
public void afterAdvice(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
System.out.println("After advice: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
}
}
package com.example;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
TargetClass target = (TargetClass) context.getBean("target");
int result1 = target.doAdd(2, 3);
int result2 = target.doSubtract(5, 2);
System.out.println("Result 1: " + result1);
System.out.println("Result 2: " + result2);
}
}
运行测试类,输出结果如下:
TargetClass doAdd method called
Before advice: doAdd
After advice: doAdd
Result 1: 5
TargetClass doSubtract method called
Before advice: doSubtract
After advice: doSubtract
Result 2: 3
从输出结果可以看出,在目标方法执行前和执行后分别执行了 beforeAdvice 和 afterAdvice 方法,说明 Spring AOP 已经成功实现了对目标方法的增强。
JDK 动态代理和 CGLIB 动态代理。JDK 动态代理是基于接口实现的,而 CGLIB 动态代理是基于类实现的。这两种代理方式在性能上有一定的差别,JDK 动态代理更适合用于接口较多的场景,而 CGLIB 动态代理则更适合用于类较多的场景。
4.1 下面是一个简单的 Spring AOP JDK 动态代理示例,演示了如何使用 Spring AOP 实现日志切面:
package com.example.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Aspect
@Component
public class LoggingAspect {
@Pointcut("execution(* com.example.service.*.*(..))")
public void serviceMethods() {
}
@Before("serviceMethods()")
public void logBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
System.out.println("Before method: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
}
@AfterReturning(pointcut = "serviceMethods()", returning = "result")
public void logAfterReturning(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result) {
System.out.println("After returning method: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
}
}
package com.example.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class TargetService {
public String sayHello(String name) {
System.out.println("Hello, " + name);
return "Hello, " + name;
}
}
package com.example;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.example.aspect", "com.example.service"})
public class AppConfig {
}
package com.example;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
TargetService targetService = context.getBean(TargetService.class);
String result = targetService.sayHello("World");
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
}
}
运行测试类,你将看到目标方法被切面增强的日志输出。这个示例展示了如何使用 Spring AOP JDK 动态代理实现简单的日志切面,以记录目标方法执行的前后状态。这有助于实现代码的重用和提高可维护性。
4.2 下面是一个简单的 Spring AOP CGLIB 动态代理示例,演示了如何使用 Spring AOP 实现日志切面:
package com.example.aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Aspect
@Component
public class LoggingAspect {
@Pointcut("execution(* com.example.service.*.*(..))")
public void serviceMethods() {
}
@Before("serviceMethods()")
public void logBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
System.out.println("Before method: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
}
@AfterReturning(pointcut = "serviceMethods()", returning = "result")
public void logAfterReturning(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result) {
System.out.println("After returning method: " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
}
}
package com.example.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class TargetService {
public String sayHello(String name) {
System.out.println("Hello, " + name);
return "Hello, " + name;
}
}
package com.example;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.example.aspect", "com.example.service"})
public class AppConfig {
}
package com.example;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
TargetService targetService = context.getBean(TargetService.class);
String result = targetService.sayHello("World");
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
}
}
运行测试类,你将看到目标方法被切面增强的日志输出。这有助于实现代码的重用和提高可维护性。
需要注意的是,CGLIB 动态代理需要 TargetService 类实现 equals() 和 hashCode() 方法,否则会报错。这是因为 CGLIB 需要生成目标类的代理类,而如果 TargetService 类没有实现 equals() 和 hashCode() 方法,那么生成的代理类将无法正确处理目标类的对象。