Lesson40 Food and talk
【New words and expressions】(6)
★hostess n.女主人
host n.男主人；v. 作为主人, 主办
actor n.男演员； actress n.女演员
★unsmiling adj.不笑的(un+smiling, 但并不一定表示“严肃”)serious adj.严肃的,认真的, 严重的
★tight adj.紧身的
tight jeans 紧身牛仔裤
The shoes aresmall/tight. (夹脚, 很紧)
tights n.贴身衬衣, 紧身衣, 女用连裤袜
★fix ① v. 使……固定、安装
She fixed a handleon the door.
fix on 使(目光、注意力等)集中于，盯着
fix one's eyes onsth./one's eyes be fixed on sth. 盯着……目不转睛(习惯用被动)
② v. 修理
★globe n.地球，球状物, 如地球仪；adj.全球的
global problem 全球性的问题
earth n. 地球global “阁楼宝”，一种灭蟑螂的药名
★despair n.绝望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物)；vi.绝望in despair 绝望的
sb./sth. is thedespair of… …让……感到绝望
The boy is thedespair of his parents. 那男孩的父母对他感到绝望了。This boy is his mother'sdespair. 这个男孩使他妈绝望了。
The examination was
the despair of me. = The examination was my despair.我对考试已经绝望了。
disappoint vt.使失望
【课文讲解】
1、Last week ata dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.
dinner为不可数名词，“at a
dinner party”中的“a”并不修饰“dinner”而是 “party”,have dinner不加“a”
ask sb. to dosth. 叫某人做某事
next to 与……相邻，挨着(既可表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着)
2、Mrs. Rumboldwas a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.
unsmiling表示bad mix，很难与人融合。unsmiling的反义词为smiling(微笑的，喜气洋洋的)。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable(舒服的)/ uncomfortable(不舒服的)，true(真实的)/untrue(不真实的)，interesting(有趣的)/
uninteresting(无趣味的，乏味的)。
in在这里表示“穿着、戴着”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring foryou.
(inquiring forsb. 要找(某人)，求见某人)
3、She did noteven look up when I took my seat beside her. take a seat 坐下，比sit要正式
take one’s seat 表示位置事先已安排好
4、'if you ate more and talked less, we wouldboth enjoy our dinner!’
在并列句中，相同的句子成分(如主语、谓语、状语等)通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。
You can either go out or stay here.
【Composition】
1 She refusedto answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only…but…either)
2 She was notinterested in the theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither…nor)
1 She not onlyrefused to answer question but she did not ask any question either. =She notonly refused to answer question but ask no question either.
but…as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定 ；but…either只能加否定
as well, either 在此句中可省略
2 She wasinterested in neither the theatre nor travel.
=She was interested
neither in the theatre nor in travel.(更好, 介词短语的并列)
【Key structures】
第2类条件句(虚拟条件句)
第1类条件句，谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时。
If you help me,I
will be gratefull. 如果你帮我, 我会感激你 (正常语气)
If it rains, I willnot go. 正常语气(不一定会去)
第2类条件句，if从句谈论想象的情况(假设与现在事实相反)，主句则推测想象的结果。 从句使用一般过去时, 主句使用would+动词原形。尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”，整个条件句也被称作非真实条件句。
If you helped me,Iwould be grateful.
假如你能使他改变主意, 你会使他免了许多麻烦.
如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词之后用were。If I were you这种说法常用于提出建议。If I were you, I’daccept their offer.
第2类条件句有时也可代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情。If I had longer legs, I’d be able to run faster.
【Special Difficulties】
Make的用法
及物动词make的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make+(冠词)+名词形式：make
progress(取得进步)；make the bed(铺床)；make conversation(找话题)；make a noise(吵闹)；make a promise(保证)；make
trouble(捣蛋，制造麻烦)； make money(挣钱)； make a speech(演讲)；make a mistake(犯错误)；make
up one's mind(下定决心，拿定主意)
Do的用法
完全动词do也有一些固定短语：
do one's best(尽最大努力)；do one's homework(做作业)；do sb. a favour(帮忙)；do
a job(干家务)；do work(做家务)；do exercise(做练习)；do business(做生意) do还可以与动名词连用：do some shopping(买东西，购物)；do swimming(游泳)；do some
reading (读书)
【Multiple choice questions】
5 I took myseat beside her. I___a___ beside her.
a. sat b. seated c. was sitted d. was seating
seat一定要加宾语, 如果后面没宾语, 就用seat的被动语态(及物动词) : seat yourself / be seated是及物动词，sit是不及物动词, 没有被动语态, 后面不能加宾语，坐下：sit down
9 Her eyeswere fixed on the plate. She ___b___it.
a. was glancing at b. was staring at
c. was thinkingabout d. was stuck to
stuck to 粘在……上面
glance at 扫了一眼stare at
= fix one's eyes on 盯着看look at 从头来看see 看见
watch vt.观看(看活动的) watch TV/ watch sb. Doing notice 强调的是眼睛的注意, 看一些别人不太注意的事情
glimpse of / have aglimpse of 瞥了一眼
catch sight of=see 看见be in sight 看见
read v.阅读(看与文字有关的东西)
read loudly, readaloud 大声朗读, 汉语中的读
go through 浏览
12 Are youenjoying your dinner? Is it ___d___?
a. enjoying you b.amusing you
c. entertainingyou d.giving you pleasure
enjoy sth. 表示在后者当中得到了一种享受
enjoy 主语是人enjoyoneself
sth. amuse 好笑entertain sb. 娱乐
amuse,entertain后面会加人
entertainment n.款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演
Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat?
【New words and expressions】(6)
★rude adj.无礼的(强调故意的)
impolite adj.不礼貌，表示没有注意到礼节性的问题, 所以显得有些不礼貌(polite的反义词，以p开头的形容词的否定前缀为im)
cheeky adj.无礼, 没礼貌的(表示小孩对长辈)
Don’t becheeky! 不得无礼!naive adj.天真的
★mirror n.镜子
look at oneself in themirror 照镜子
mirrot of… ……的写照，……的真实反映
★hole n.孔hole in+地点 地方)有个洞
★remark v.评说 主要指说, 当say 来理解
★remind ① vt. 提醒
remind sb. of sth./ remind sb. to do sth. / remind sb. that… 提醒某人做某事
② vt. 使……想起She reminds me of her sister.
reminder n.提醒物
【课文讲解】
1、Do you callthat a hat?
“Do you call that
+(冠词)+名词”这个结构可以表达一种轻蔑的含义：
Do you call that a house/?你把那个叫房子/？
2、You needn'tbe so rude about it.
be rude aboutsth. 对事很粗鲁
be rude to sb. 对人很粗鲁
3、I sat down
on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. on the chair 在椅子上
4、We had beenin the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.
名词修饰名词, 一般用单数：bookstore书店，drugstore药店,
5、I regrettedsaying it almost at once.
regret doing sth./名词/that从句 后悔已经做了某事，表示对做过的事感到遗憾
regret to dosth. 表示对现在或将来要做的事感到对不起、遗憾，比be sorry to do
sth.要正式：
6、'You needn't have said that,' my wifeanswered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'
needn't havedone 原本不必做, 但是做了, 强调过去的动作不必做。
needn't do 现在的动作也不必做
remind sb. ofsth. 提醒某人想起某事
7、'I find itbeautiful,' I said.
动词find经常用于“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这种结构：I find this book very interesting.
8、A man cannever have too many ties.
can never…too…＝cannot…too… 无论……也不为过I can never thank you too much. 感激不尽。
【Key structures】
Must, Have (got) toand Need
情态动词must(必须，不得不)的否定式 mustn't(不能、不准)，must还可用于表示推测：
①对现在和将来的推测：must
+动词用原形
②对正在发生的事情的推测：mustbe doing
③对过去的推测：musthave done
④对过去正在发生的事情的推测：must have been doing
用must的一般疑问句可以用must/have to或needn’t来回答，而不用mustn’t：
Must I set off now?Yes, you must / haveto.
No, you needn’t.
mustn’t表示绝对禁止，在说话人看来，根本没选择余地： “不必要”可用needn’t，don’t have to来表示：
needn’t = don’thave to
needn’t have done =didn’t have to
You needn’t / don’t have to work such longhours.
英语中的need有两种词性，一个是普通动词(需要)，一种是情态动词。need的否定形式对应也有两种： needn't 不必(情态动词need的否定)； don't need 不需要(普通动词need的否定)。
need I...?(情态) / do I
need...? 实义动词
在实义动词后面再加一个实义动词, 就在后面加to do.Need I go out? = Do I need togo out? 情态动词后面不能直接用名词做宾语，实义动词后面可以直接加名词, 故need 后面如是名词, 则这个need 为实义动词
例:He__c__follow me .
a doesn’t need bneedn’t to c didn’t need to d. needs
need用于疑问句时，问者往往希望得到否定的回答：Need you leave so soon? 你有必要这么早就走吗？
用need的一般疑问句的肯定形式的回答可以用must/had to，否定形式的回答可以用needn’t：
Need I type this letter again?
Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
Need you have told him about my plans?
Yes, I had to. / No, I needn’t have.
表示必要时，must的语气比need要强：
I must go to the dentist this moring.
这种句型可用来表示说话人让对方选择或允许对方可以不做某事的主观意图。它的完成式和过去式分别为needn’t have，didn’t have to和didn’t need to：
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday.
I didn’t have to / didn’t need to go to theoffice yesterday.
need doingsth. 需要被做(用主动表达被动含义)
① 这里need属于实义动词, 动词ing相当于名词来理解
② 有时态和人称变化,否定式为: don’t need doing
③ need doing 表达被动含义, 如: Your shoes need washing. 你的鞋子需(被)洗了
另外want doing也是用主动表示被动含义，它们的主语一定是物, 不是人Your hair needs cuting.
need to be done---主语是人,也可以是物
对比 mustn't和 needn't：
You musn’t read itbed. It’s bad for your eyes.
(be bad for… 对……有害)
Smoking is bad foryour health. 抽烟有害你的健康
You mustn't make anoise. The children are asleep. You needn't drive so quickly. We have plenty oftime.
=You don't haveto(haven't got to) drive so quickly. We have plenty of time.
【Special Difficulties】
Remark, Observe andNotice
remark与observe都可以表示“说，评论说”，它们比say要正式：
‘You’re lookingvery well!’She remarked/observed.
notice和observe都可以表示“注意到，察觉到”，但有一定区别。notice指无意中“察觉到”；observe则可以指有意观察、仔细地看，比notice更正式：
He observed mecarefully. (He looked at me.) Did younotice how she was dressed?
I’ve noticed/observed that he telephones heroftener than before.
make rude remark / call one's name / say Fwords (F指 fuck) 讲粗话，骂人
fail to dosth. 没有能够
not fail to 表示强烈地肯定
I had changed the
furniture round that you can not fail to notict it.我已经把周围的家具都换了。
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Do you haveto buy this hat? No, I___c___. It isn't necessary.
a. mustn't b.won't c. needn't d. don't need
英文中要么助动词之后所有的东西都省略, 要么省到不定式标志, “don’t need to” 也对
Would you like todo sth?
Yes, I'd like to. /
No,I don't / No,I don't need to. (to 不能省略)
Do you want to goto school? Yes,I do. / Yes,I want to.
Would you like somebananas? Yes, I’d like. (后接名词)
Do you need thehat? No, I don’t need.
7 A man cannever have too many ties. It's ___b___.
a. unable b.impossible c. improbable d. incapable
can never ＝can't 不可能
be able/unable to
do sth. (unable adj.不能的, 不会的)
impossible 不可能improbable 不太可能
probably 很有可能incapable adj.无能力的, 不能的be capableof / be incapable of
8 She lookedin the mirror and saw her ___a___.
a. reflection b. idol c. imagination d. picture
reflection n.反射, 映象, 倒影, 反省, 沉思, 反映(reflect v.发射)idol n.偶像, 崇拜物, 幻象, [逻]谬论imagination n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力, 听觉picture n.照片, 图象
11 His wifewas wearing a hat. She ___c___.
a. was dressingit b. was putting it on
c. had it on d.wascarrying it
wear/dress/put
on/have on穿
wear 穿着(强调状态)dress sb. 给某人穿衣服(强调动作)put on 穿上(强调动作)
have sth. on 穿着(强调状态) (have……on 让……东西在……上面 )be in+衣服(状态)
12 It lookedlike a lighthouse. It ___b___a lighthouse.
a. appearedsimilar b. resembled c. matched d.likened
match 与……相配liken vt.把……比作
compare/liken sth
to another thing 把前者比作后者
We liken the hat toa lighthouse.
resemble vt.象, 类似aresemble b
appear 显得 similar 与……相似
be similar to (to 不能少)
Lesson 42 Notvery musical
【New words and expressions】(13)
★market ① n. 市场，集市
② n.(商品的)市场，销路，需求(可数名词)
market for… ……市场
★pipe n.(吹奏的)管乐器
pipe n.两头通的东西, 如下水管道, 老爸的烟斗,或一节两头通的竹子都可以叫pipe
★glimpse n.一瞥
have a glimpseof 瞥了一眼，映入眼帘(犹如汉语中的“惊鸿一瞥”) (无意识的看)
glance at 扫了一眼(有意识)
★movement n.动作
move v.移动action v.采取行动
★continue v.继续
begin/start/continueto do sth.
begin/start/continuedoing sth.
continue +sth.
★dance v.跳舞
dance to themusic 随着音乐跳舞
★obviously adv.显然=clearly
★difference n.差别
tell the differencebetween A and B 区别差异
different adj.不同的be different from
differ vi.不一致，不同
【课文讲解】
1、As we hadhad a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi, we stopped at a squareto have a rest.
stop to dosth. 停下其他活动去做不定式表示的动作stop doing sth. 停止做某事
2、When he began to play a tune, we had ourfirst glimpse of the snake.
play a tune(tune 可数名词)；play music(music 不可数名词)have/get/catch a(first) glimpse of… 一瞥，一看take a glimpse at 瞥见
at the firstsight 一见钟情
3、It rose outof the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe.
rise(rose，risen) vi. 升raise(raised vt. 提高
4、We were verymuch surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modernpop songs.
很少用very much 放在一起修饰surprise, 一般用very surprised 或most surprised
5、It obviouslycould not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!
tell表示“辨别、分辨、识别”时常与can，could，be able to连用。表达这些意义时，tell可以单独使用，也可以与from构成词组：。表示两者之间的“差别、差异”时常用difference between：It makes no difference whether you believe me or not.
【Key structures】
“have +名词”代替普通动词
“have +名词”代替普通动词表示“完成该动作”：have a
bath=bathe ；have a swim=swim；have
a walk=walk；have a look=look；have
a rest=rest；have a smell=smell等，类似的动词有dance，fight，ride，talk，sleep，wash：
I had two dances with Lucy.
一个动词的后面会加介词(如果这个动词是不及物动词)，动词能加什么样的介词，名词也可以加什么样的介词：look at->have a
look at；walk across->have a walk across;succeedin doing sth.-> be successful in->success in
【Special difficulties】
Pick的用法
pick up 拿起、捡起；意外地找到；(偶然地)学会；开车去接;pick sb. up (顺路)接某人(meet
sb.+地点 专程接)pick up a lot of English =learn a lot of English;pick up the radioprogram = the program on the radio 在广播上收听节目
pick out 挑出，选出，辩认出
【Multiple choice questions】
3 We stoppedat a square ___d___have a rest.
a. so to b. inorder c. in order that d. in order to
so as to 为了，表示目的
in order 在秩序中, 有秩序的, 有次序的, 整洁的, 整齐的Keep yourroom in order
in order to dosth. in order that+从句 为了……
【语法精粹】
1. Julie went tothe___C___to buy a pair of shoes.
A.shoes store B.shoe's store C.shoe store D.shoes'store表示类别的商店，用单数名词修饰
2.As a safetyprecaution,all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change fora___A__bill.
A.ten-dollar B.ten-dollars C.tens-dollar D.ten-dollar's
cab drivers(美语)=taxi
drivers(英式)
bill纸币.有连字符连接的单词没有复数,连字符单词做定语,不会加“’s”
3.Recently,he haslost all his__D__at cards.
A.wage and saving B.wagesand saving
C.wage and savings D.wages and savings
wage 薪水(可数)；saving 积蓄(可数)
4.I want___C__.
A.a dollar worthcandy B.candya dollar's worth
C.a dollar's worthof candy D.a dollar worth's candy
a dollar's worthof… 价值……钱的东西
5.The surroundingsa child grows up in usually __A__an effect on his development.
A.have B.had C.do D.has
have an effect on… 对……有效果
grow up 成长
the surroundings 做主语(surroundings n.环境)，a child grows up 定语从句修饰“the surroundings”
孩子成长的环境常常对他的发展有影响. 用一般现在时
Lesson 43 Over the South Pole
【New words and expressions】(13)
★pole n.(地球的)极PoleStar 北极星
the South Pole 南极；the North Pole 北极
★flight n.飞行fly v.飞
★explorer n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器 [计]Windows资源管理器
explore v.探险, 探测, 探究
exploration n.(科研相关)探险,探求,开发
adventure n.冒险(追求刺激)
venture n.冒险(为了财富,没有生命保障)
★lie ① vi. (lay[lei]，lain[lein]) 处于,位于(+地点)
② vi. (lay[lei]，lain[lein]) 躺，(平)卧
lie 现在分词-->lying
stay in bed = lie
in bed 躺在床上
③ vt.(lied，lied) 撒谎tell a lie 撒谎
You lied. = You
lied to me.你骗人! 你撒谎!
You,liar! 你, 骗子! (liarn.(惯于)说谎者)
④ n.谎言
lay (laid,laid)① vt. 放,放置
② vt. 下蛋, 产卵lay an egg 下一个蛋
hang(hung，hung) 挂,悬挂
hang(hanged，hanged) 绞刑
★point n.地点
point 点，一般指从飞机上向下看的点
地点 place，spot sina.com中的 “.” 读为dot(点)
@读为at
★seem v.似乎，看起来
seem + as if 看起来似乎……
seem + adj./seem to
be/seem that… 看起来似乎……
★crash v. 坠毁(从上向下掉)；n. 冲突, 撞击声, 抵触 aircrash 空难 ，carcrash 车祸
strike v.撞击
collide vi.碰撞, 抵触(两个都运动的东西相撞)
★clear v. (凌空、不接触地)越过, 跳过，没有接触面的飞跃The horse cleared the fense. (fense n.篱笆,栅栏,墙 v.围住,防护)
over adv.越过(距离) go over飞跃
★plain n.平原mountains n.高山
plain girl 平凡的女孩
【课文讲解】
1、In 1929,three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E.Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.
for the firsttime 第一次(time表示“次，回”，还可以说this time，last
time，next time，another time，each time，for the last time等)
2、Though, at first, Byrd and his men were ableto take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon raninto serious trouble.
连词though引导让步状语从句，其含义是“虽然……，尽管……”
take a photographof… 拍……的照片
run into trouble =
get into trouble遇到麻烦，陷入困境3、At one point, it seemed certain that theirplane would crash.
at one point 在某一地方，在某一时刻(point也指时间上的某一点)
it为先行主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。it作先行主语时经常与seem，appear，look等连用：
4、It could only get over the mountains if itrose to 10,000 feet.
rise to …上升至……
5、The planewas then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.
by表示“相差，以……之差”的意思
I missed the train by ten minutes. 我晚了10分钟，没赶上火车。He isyounger than me by two years.
【Key structures】
Can and Be able to
情态助动词can/could用于表示请求别人允许或答复时的情况:Can/Could I borrow you pen?
can有时可以表示可能性：在表示天生的或学到的能力时，can/could可用于现在时和过去时，can/could与be able to通常可以互换，表示将来的“能力”时，则用will be able to：在谈到说话时正在发生的事时，一般不用be able to：Look! I can stand on my head.
在表示成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could，而用be able to；如果表示某一动作没有取得成功则可用couldn’t：It’s pity he couldn’t visit Mary.
Oh, didn’t you know? He was able to visit her after all.在问及过去某一具体活动时可用could，但回答是肯定的时候则不能：
【Special
Difficulties】
含有介词at的词组
at与许多词可以构成固定词组，其中表示时间的有：at first(开始时，最初)，at
once(马上，立刻)，at present(目前，现在)，at last(最后，终于)，at times(有时)，at the
moment(现在)；表示地点的有：at home(在家)，at school(在学校)；表示程度的有：at least(至少)，at any
rate(不管怎样)；其它词组有at heart(内心里，实际上)，at a loss(困惑不解，不知怎么办)等。
【Multiple
choice questions】
5 The planewas then able to rise. This means it ___d___.
a. could rise b. might rise c.might succeed in rising d. rose
could rise 有可能,不知道结果mightrise 可能
might succeed inrising 可能成功地做
6 Byrd knewthat he would be able to reach the South Pole. It would be ___d___.
a. impossible b.necessary c. able d. possible
was/were ableto 表示这个动作在过去成功地做
will be able to=can 将来可能会成
Lesson 44 Through the forest
【New words and expressions】(9)
★risk ① n. 危险，风险
John took/ran therisk of damaging his bus and drove it into the back of the thieves’car.
John saved me atthe risk of his own life.
② vt. 冒……危险，使……遭受危险We’d better take a taxi. We can’t riskmissing the plane.
★breath n. 呼吸out ofbreath 上气不接下气
waste one's breath 白费口舌
in one breath 片刻, 转眼间
He finished water
in one breath. 他一口气把水喝完了. hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
bad breath 口臭You have a bad breath.
★contents n. (常用复数)内有的物品(具体的东西)
contents of thebag 包里的书
More contents! (口语) 在吃饭时要求再加些饭菜时可以这样说. content n.内容(抽象)
【课文讲解】
1、Mrs. AnneSterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forestafter two men.
think of… 考虑，思考take a
risk(of doing) 冒……风险runafter 追赶；追随；追求run behind 在某人后面跑run to 跑向
2、They hadrushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with herchildren and tried to steal her handbag.
rush up to sb. 迎面冲向某人up向上，面对面，与说话人相反方向；down方向相同，与说话人相同方向go down 接着往前走,不用回头
up to可以表示地点、时间等“一直到……”
have a picnic 野餐
at the edge of 在……的边上
3、In the struggle, the strap broke and, withthe bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. in one's possession = in the possession ofsb.为某人所拥有……
4、When shecaught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through thecontents of the bag, so she ran straight at them.
go through (仔细地)搜查，在……中搜寻，浏览，翻看(速度较快的看).
catch up withsb. 追上,赶上(强调结果)
contents of thebag 包里的东西
run (straight)at (at强调瞄准,一般与straight相连都用at)
【letter writing】
信封上的地址的书写方式：收信人的姓名和地址必须在信封的中央，称呼总是和姓名连在一起的：
Mr. James Thompson；James
Thompson Esq.；Miss H. Thompson；Mrs.
D Thompson；Mr. and Mrs. J. Thompson,
Esq.à Esquire写信时对男性的尊称(放在人名的后面)，等同于Mr. 但位置不同Mr.and
Mrs.(已婚)，一般夫妇一起邀请.先写人名，再写地址，写信人的地址写在信封背面，或放在信中
【Key structures】动名词
1、动名词可以做主语、宾语、介词宾语等
That’s no excusefor not mending the chair!
2、动名词还可以用于“动词+介词”之后
look forward todoing sth. 期待、盼望做某事
be accustomed todoing sth. 习惯于做某事.
be used to doingsth. 习惯做某事
比较：I used toget up early but I don't anymore. 我过去常早起, 但现在不再早起了。
devote to doingsth. 奉献给某事, 把…奉献给……
devote oneself todoing sth. (全身心投入做某事)
object to doingsth. 反对做某事
get/be tired ofdoing sth. 对……厌烦, 作为系动词get可与be 替换believein 信任,信仰
believe in +sb. 表示信任某人,信仰某人
believe in + doingsth. 表示我的信条是...
accuse sb. of doing
sth. 因某事控告某人(accusevt. 控告；指控)
3、在start，begin，continue等后面，既可以用不定式又可以用动名词，区别不大：
4、在love，like，prefer等动词后，用不定式和动名词意义有所区别。
hate,love,like+doingsth. 表示一种习惯(always)
hate,love,like+to
do sth. 表示某一次性的行为(now)
would love /like todo sth. 表示想要, 习惯于在前面加would.餐厅服务员习惯会问: “Would you like to…?”，而不会用 “Do you like…?”，他只关心你现在想吃什么,而不管你平常吃什么。
I hate to dosth.… 不喜欢……
I hate to say but I
really have something important to do. 你想拒绝别人的邀请时可用的句型
prefer…to…结构中只能用动名词
I prefer walking to driving.
5、在need，want之后，动名词形式具有被动的含义，相当于被动的不定式：
如果以物体做主语，可以直接加动词-ing，表达被动的含义
【Mutiple
choice questions】
4 They weregoing through the contents of the bag. ___c___she ran straight at them.
a. For this b. That's because c. That's why d. That's so
that's后一般加特殊疑问词引导的从句，或that's all加从句for 加句子的时候, 习惯上放在主句之后，表示“由于某个理由”，不说for this 而说forthis reason
5 They gotsuch a fright. They were ___c___.
a.so frightful b.such frightened c.so frightened d.suchfright frightful=terrible adj.糟糕
so +adj./adv.；such +n. (d 应为such a fright)
Lesson45 Aclear conscience
【New words and expressions】(6)
★conscience n.良心, 道德心
a clearconscience 问心无愧
a guilty/bad conscience问心有愧(guilty adj.犯罪的, 有罪的心虚的)I have a guilty conscience.我问心有愧★wallet n. 皮夹, 钱夹 (一般指的是男用的那种皮夹) purse钱包(女士用) handbag n. 手袋billfold 皮夹, 钱包(美语) (意为纸币折叠形成的, 很形象)
★savings n.存款
savingsaccount 存款账号(有利息的, 有点象活期存款) checking account 存款(没有利息)
deposit n. 定金depositaccount 存款(有利息, 有点象定期存款)ATM (auto teller machine) 自动取款机 self-service machine 自助银行
cash card 取款卡
IC ①interchange 高速公路转换出入口
②integratecircuit [电]集成电路,指令计数器
【课文讲解】
1、The wholevillage soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
village在这里为总称，指“村民”，the whole village指“全村的人”，后面通常跟单数动词(有时也可视为复数)The whole village was excited by news.
learn v.得知，获悉
the whole worldlearnt… 全世界都知道……
a large sumof… 一大笔……
2、Sam Benton,the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the postoffice.
while doing是现在分词短语用于连词之后，作用相当于一个时间状语从句。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个，并且这两个动作通常是同时发生(即这句话一定要是进行时态)。如果主语不一致则必须用从句。
这句话完整的应为:while he was taking his savings…
3、Three monthspassed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door.
三种表示一段时间以后,另外一件事情发生的方式：
①…passed,and then
②some time later
③some time passedbefore…
4、It had been wrappedup in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with anote which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!' wrap up 包裹
It had been wrapped
up in newspaper by somebody. (用报纸包用in，不能用by)
half the money=half of the money 钱的一半(half 直接加在名词前表示 “一半” )
half an hour 半个小时 ， half a
year 半年
Half the bread/halfof the bread was bad.
together with… =
with… 随它一起的还有……(介词短语作状语)
a note said… 纸条上说……the
picture said… 图片上说……newspaper said… 报纸上说……
5、In time, allSam's money was paid back in this way.
in time = in theend 最终，最后，经过一段时间
pay back 还回来in the way 以这种方式
【Special Difficulties】
Steal and Rob
steal (somethingfrom someone or somewhere) 偷(从某人或某处) steal (sth.) from (sb.)
rob (someone of
something )(a building，a blank，a house，etc.) 抢(某人的某物)(大楼、银行、房子等)rob(sb.) of (sth.) rob后跟人或地方
Pay back①偿还
②报答；向……报复(paysb. back)
I’ll pay you back
for what you did to me.你对我这样，我一定会报仇的。
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Sam wastaking his savings to the post office ___a___ he lost his wallet.
a.when b.while c.as d.just as
while doing 两者同时发生(while
sb. was doing 当……时候)，能用while、as(as等同于while)的地方就可以用when，反之则不一定。when后的时间表达即可以是点，也可以是段；while后的时间表达只可以是段
7 Some moremoney was sent to Sam. Sam ___c___ some more money.
a. sent b. hassent c. was sent d. had sent
send/take/give sb.
sth. (send=take/give)，双宾语一般用离动词最近的宾语来做被语动态的主语
sent sb. sth. ->变被动sb. be sent sth.
send sth. to sb.
-> 变被动 sth. be sent to sb.
10 How muchdid it contain? How much___b___ ?
a. did it consist b. was there in it c. did it include d. had it contain/container 与容器有关,或类似于容器的东西的包含include指一种抽象的包含
12 ___b___,all Sam's money was returned.
a. At times b. After a time c. With the times d. A long time
a time一段时间, 不译为 “一次” , 一次用“once”
for a long time after a time = after some time
Lesson 46 Expensive and uncomfortable
【New words and expressions】(12)
★unload v.卸(货)load v.装货
★extremely adv.非常, 极其,把一个形容词或副词推到了极限，达到了无以复加的程度
★occur ① vi. 发生When did
the accident occur？
② vi. 被想起，被想到
It occured to sb.that… 某人想起了……
It occurs to sb. todo sth. 某人想起了……
It suddenly
occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看
sth. occur to sb. 某人突然想起某件事 (从后面往前面翻)A good idea occured to me. = I have a good idea. happen vi.发生
Whathappened/occured ?
It happened tome… 这件事发生在我身上
What happened toyou? = What's wrong with you?
★astonish vt.使惊讶
如果一个动词跟人的情绪有关，则它的宾语是人，其形容词有两个：令人 –ing；感到–ed astonishing adj.令人惊讶 astonished
adj.感到惊讶的
I amsurprised.-->astonished-->astounded-->shocked 惊讶程度递增surprise最常用,但意思肤浅astonished 难以置信的事astound vt.使惊骇, 使大吃一惊 (非常吃惊, 目瞪口呆)shock不快的事
★discover v.发现 (属于那种以前你不知道的事现在知道了)discovery n.探索，发现
★admit ① vt. 承认，供认
admit sth. / admitdoing sth. 承认做某事
admit that… 承认……
deny sth. /deny doing sth. 拒绝做……
② vt. 准许……进入，准许……加入
Without a ticketyou won’t be admitted into cinema.
★confine v.关在或局限在某个地方(一个狭小的空间里) sb. was confined to +地点 某人被关在某个地方
【课文讲解】
1、When a planefrom London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number ofwooden boxes which contained clothing.
a number of… 许多，若干…….
unload 的含义为“卸(货)”，它的反义词为load(装货)。与形容词uncomfortable，unsmiling等相似，有些动词加前缀un可以表示做相反的动作。
clothing服装的总称，不可数名词，在分类时强调衣服这一种类，可包括鞋、帽等；clothes一般指衣服，表"衣服"的单数名词的复数形式, 表许多衣服。
2、No one couldaccount for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.
No one couldaccount for the fact that… 谁也弄不清楚……这样一个事实
account for =explain= give the explanation 说明原因、作出说明(或解释)，但也有区别，account 的解释必须是令人满意的，而explain 却只要是一个解释就行 How do you account for the battered car?
that后面的从句为fact的同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。一个句子跟在一个名词后，可以是定语从句，也可以是同位语从句。两者的区别是同位语从句后的that是起解释说明的作用，而定语从句是起修饰作用；that在从句中做主语或宾语成分，则是定语从句，that在从句中不能做主语或宾语成分，则是同位语从句
3、It suddenlyoccurred to one of the workers to open up the box. sth. occurred to sb. 某人想起某事
open up 打开
4、He was astonished at what he found.
sb. be astonishedat sth. 某事使/让某人吃惊
5、A man was lying in the box on top of a pileof wooden goods.
a pile of 一堆……piles of snow 一堆堆的雪
on top of 在……之上(与顶端有接触面)
at the top of 在……上方(at the
top of之前的词属于其之后的词的范围之内)
6、He had had along and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box forover eighteen hours. over = more than
have a trip = go ona trip
be confined to 把……限制起来
for在文中这里强调事实, 而非原因
7、The man wasordered to pay $3,500 for the cost of the trip.
pay…for… 为……付钱，为……付出代价
cost of… ……的花费, 费用
the cost ofgovernment 政府开支
【Key structures】
与 to, at, for和 with连用的动词
与to连用的动词：accustom(ed) to(习惯于)；amount to(达到)；appeal
to(呼吁)；apply to /for(适用于)；attach(ed) to(附属于)；attend to(参加)；belong
to(属于)；challenge to(向……提出挑战)；compare to
/with(比较)；condemn(ed) to(判刑)；confess to(承认)；confine to(限制)；consent
to(同意)；convert to(改信(某宗教))；entitle(d)
to(享有权利)；listen to(听)；mention to(提到)；object to(反对)； occur
to(想到)； prefer to(更喜欢)；react to /against(对……反应)；reply to(回答)；respond to(响应)；see to(注意)；submit
to(服从于)； surrender to(向……投降)；turn to(转向)；yield to(屈服)。
I prefer listening to music to readingnewspapers.
I shall see to the dinner tonight. 今晚我做晚饭。
与at连用的动词：amused at/by(对……感到有趣)；arrive at/in(到达)；astonish
(ed) at/ by(感到惊愕)；exclaim at(惊叫)；glance at(对……看一眼)；guess at(猜测)；knock at(敲)；look at(看)；point at/to(指向)；shock(ed) at / by(感到震惊)；stare at(盯着……看)；surprise(d) at /by(感到惊讶)；wonder at/about(感到惊异)；work at/on(钻研)。
at通常用于表达感情的一些词后，并且这些词往往用被动语态，at用于其它动词之后一般为主动语态。
与 for连用的动词：account for(说明(原因))；ask for/of(请求)；act
for/on(代表)；apologize for(因……而道歉)；blame for(责备)；beg for(乞求)；call for(需要)；charge
for(收费)；exchange for(交换)；hope for(希望)；look for(寻找)；mistake
for(误认为)；mourn for(哀悼)；pay for(为……付款)；prepare for(准备)；provide for(提供)；search
for(寻求)；thank for(感谢)；vote for/on 投票支持；wait
for/on(等候)。
与with连用的动词：agree with(同意)；begin
with(以……开始)；communicate with(与……联络)；compare with/to(与……比较)；compete with/against(同……竞争)；comply with(同意；confuse with(误作)；contrast
with/to(形成对照)；cope with(对付)；correspond with(与……一致)；disgust(ed) with(使……讨厌)；finish with(完成)；help with/ in(帮助)；interfere
with/in(干扰)；mix with(混合)；occupy(ied) with(从事于)；part with(放弃)；please(d) with(对……满意)；quarrel with/about(争论)；reason with(规劝)；satisfy
(fied) with/by(感到满足)；threaten
(ed) with(威胁)
【Multiple choice questions】
4 Which boxescontained clothing? ___d___.
a.The wooden b. The wood
c. The woody ones d. The wooden ones
the wooden 木头的； the wood 木头(表示木头制的东西用wooden)woody adj.多树木的, 木本的, 木头般的, 木制的
Lesson47 Athirsty ghost
【New words and expressions】(9)
★thirsty adj.贪杯的；adj. 渴的
be thirsty for = behungry for 渴望得到(如饥似渴)
★ghost n.鬼魂
ghost强调魂，并不是邪恶的象征
★haunt v. (鬼)来访, 闹鬼
haunt=visit 但不能应用于人的拜访，只能用在ghost
the ghosthaunt 闹鬼
The ghost hauntedthe house. 这个房子闹鬼
★block v.堵The pipe was blocked.
★furniture n.家具, 设备, 储藏物(不可数名词)
a piece/ set offurniture 一件家具 一套家具
★whisky n.威士忌酒
Scotch n.一种上等的威士忌wine n.果酒,如葡萄酒,石榴酒beer n.啤酒brandy n.白兰地
★suggest ① vt. 暗示，(间接地)表明
② vt. 建议，提议suggest
+that从句
suggest +doing sth.
★shake(shook，shaken)① vt.&vi. 摇，摇动，抖动Mr.Thompson shook his head.
② vt. 同……握手Dan shook hands with him.
★accept v.接受accept = receive sth.with pleasure)
【课文讲解】
1、A publichouse which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson is up for sale.
a public house 酒吧、酒店，口语缩略为pub
up for sale 有待出售，供出售(up为形容词，“已提出的，供……的)
be up for 有待于……，为了某一目的
This problem is up
for discussion.这个问题有待于讨论on sale 打折卖for sale 拿出来卖的
2、He told methat he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise comingfrom the bar.
hear sb.doingsth. 听见某人正在做某事
在一些表示感觉的动词如see，hear，feel，watch，notice等之后，往往用“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这个结构，其宾语补足语既可以是不定式(通常不加to)，也可以是现在分词，两者在意义上区别不大，现在分词表示动作正在发生，不定式则表示动作发生了：bar为酒吧或酒店中卖酒的柜台
3、ThoughMr.Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on inthe morning.
on为形容词，表 “开着的，接通的”，反义词为off。
4、He also saidthat he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk thenight before.
the night before 前一天晚上 ， last
night 昨天晚上
the week before 前一个星期 ， last
week 上个星期
the day before 前一天 ，yesterday 昨天
the next day 下一天 ，tomorrow 明天
直接引语变成间接引语时间状语要改变。now——>then，last night——>the night
before，two days ago——>two days before/earlier，today——>that day，tonight——>that night，tomorrow——>the next/following day，last
night——>the night before等。
5、Thevillagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives itaway.
even if he gives itaway 即使他白送人
even if 即使，它引导的让步状语从句含有很强的假定性give away 捐献，免费的送，赠送
【Multiple choice questions】
7 The ghostmust have drunk the whisky. In Mr. Thompson's opinion, the ghost ___a___whisky.
a.must drink b.has got to drink c.has to drink d.should drink in one's opinion就某人看来，以某人观点，某人认为；I think…太过强调个人的主观性, 一般用in one's opinion更让人接受
Lesson 48 Did you want to tell me something?
【New words and expressions】(6)
★pull ① vt.&vi. 拉，拖，牵，扯(反义词push vt.推)
pull one's leg 开某人玩笑
You are kidding. 你在开玩笑No
kidding! 不要开玩笑了!You are joking.(joke n.笑话, 玩笑 v.(和……)开玩笑)
② vt.&vi. 拔，抽
You’re pulled outthe wrong teeth!
★collect v.搜集★collection n.收藏品, 收集品
collect salary 领工资；collect money 筹集资金；
collect stamp 集邮；collect children 收养孩子
★nod ① vt.&vi. 点头，点头示意/招呼
When we meet each
other in the office, he always nods at me. ② vi. 打盹，打瞌睡(常与off连用)
As he was very tired,he nodded over his reading.
因为他很累，所以他一边看书一边打盹。
★meanwhile adv. 同时= at the
same time = in the same time用法和 however 一样,不能连接两个句子,但是意思上有承接概念
【课文讲解】
1、Dentistsalways ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer.
impossible通常不以人作主语，而以不定式或从句作主语：It is impossible for him to help you. =It is impossible that he willhelp you.
2、In answer tothese questions I either nodded or made strange noises.
in answer to… 作为对……的回答；响应……的请求
in return for 作为对……的报答
3、Meanwhile,my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.
meanwihile 在此期间，与此同时
be busy doingsth. 忙于做某事
search out 找出，搜寻
where =介词+ which
where称为关系副词,另外还有when也是关系副词
4、When thedentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell himthat he had pulled out the wrong tooth.
remove可以表示“拿去，除去，去掉”，通常结构为“remove +名词+from”，也可以单独使用：
I’ve removed thatpicture from the wall.
Lesson 49 The end of a dream
【New words and expressions】(13)
★tired adj.厌烦的
be/get tired ofsth./doing sth. 讨厌做某事
★real adj.真正的 (强调东西不是假的)
true adj.真挚, 真诚, 符合标准 (强调符合某个标准)real man 真人；true man 男子汉，好汉
★spring n.弹簧n. 春天；泉水
fountain n.人工喷泉
★mattress n.床垫mat n.垫子 (如杯垫)
cushion n.座垫
★gust一阵(阵)风a gust of anger (一阵)无名火
Breeze n.微风gale n.大风，(突发的)一阵风(风力比gust强)wind n.风的总称
★sweep(swept[swept],swept) ① vt. 扫，打扫
② vt. (风)吹；刮A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. sweep sth. away 把……刮走
blow v.刮
★smash ① vt.&vi. 打碎，摔碎，(使)碎裂
The cup smashed onthe floor.
smash sth. intopieces 把……摔成碎片
The bed was smashedto piece.
crash v.受挤压而变碎
cut sth.into pieces切碎,剪碎tear sth. into pieces 撕碎break v.打碎crack v.裂开不碎
② vt.&vi. 重击，殴打，猛砸/撞
Why didn’t yousmash the man with your fist?
★courtyard n.院子
court n. 院子，庭院；法庭yard n.院子
backyard n.后院
★glance v.扫视
glance at 扫了一眼(有意识地看)glare at 瞪着(生气) stare at 盯着gaze
at 盯着(无限神往, 羡慕地看)
★promptly ＝at once, immediately adv.迅速地
【课文讲解】
1、Tired ofsleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a realbed.
be tired of 对……感到厌倦，在这句话里省略了现在分词being，用形容词短语直接做原因状语，其作用相当于原因状语从句as he was
tired of…。
I always go to bedhungry. (用形容词直接做状语)
I went home. I amtired. => I went home tired
save up 攒钱，储蓄
2、For the first time in his life, he became theproud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.
for the first timein one's life 平生第一次
3、Because theweather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
on to(onto) 类似与 in
to(into)，用于表示动作方向而不用于表示静态的位置，不但有“去”的概念还有把它放到“on”(上面)的概念。onto/on to有时可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替：
Lift sth. on to thecart.
The pen is on thetable. (不能用onto/on to)
Mr. Thompson isjumped onto the stage. 汤普森先生跳上了台上。Mr.Thompson jumped on the stage. 汤普森先生在台上跳了跳。
4、He sleptvery well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.
for the first twonights 头两天晚上
for the last threenights 最后三天晚上
blow up 风越刮越大(程度在加深)，(指暴风雨)出现并加剧；刮起speak up 大声点
5、A gust ofwind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.
gust表示“一阵强风，一阵狂风”，既可单独使用，也可用a gust of wind形式：
A gust (of wind) blew my hat off.
She set off even though the wind was blowingin gusts.虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。
off = down/awayfrom
below 直接放在被修饰词之后作定语
crashing into the
courtyard below是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。crash (不及物动词)直接用主动形式，smash(及物动词)可用被动
一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用and或but连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词to do(表目的)，-ed(表被动)，-ing(表主动)。
6、The youngman did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
not…until表示“直到……才”，until前面没有not时，与表示一段时间的“持续动词”连用；有not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词(或瞬间动词)连用：
7、Although the bed was smashed to pieces, theman was miraculously unhurt.
although 尽管；though 虽然，意义差不多，以从句出现 to pieces 粉碎地，成碎片地
8、Glancing at the bits of wood and metal thatlay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into hishouse.
glancing为现在分词，引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句after he glanced at…。动词的ing形式一定强调某一个名词之间的主动关系。
glance v.看一眼，扫视
Joe glanced through the newspaper whiletalking to me.乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。
bits = pieces
lie (lay，lain) 不及物动词，后面一定要加“around”，不能说成“lay him”
【letter writing】
大多数书信都以“dear”开头，后接姓名，“dear”这个词一定要在信纸的左手边顶格。第二行如要退格是退5个字符, 现在西方都是顶格写。
【Key structures】
复合句的语序
复合句可用两种方法构成：一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式。
1、用连词连接的复合句
①在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句(即起名词的作用)。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what(疑问词引导的除外)
②从句可以是关系(或形容词)从句，关系代词通常有who，whom，that，which和whose。
③从句可以是状语(或副词)从句，时间状语连词有when，after，before，as soon as，until，while，as，since等；地点状语从句连词有where，everywhere，anywhere等；方式状语从句连词有as或短语in the way (that)等，方式状语从句在动词be，feel，seem，appear等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导；原因状语从句由because，as等引导；条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导；让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although，though，even
though，even if等引导；目的状语从句可由so
that，in order that等连词引导；结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such
(a) +(形容词) + 名词 + that来引导；比较状语从句结构包括as +形容词/副词 + as，not so/as … as，形容词/副词的比较级 +than，more…than，less…than等
2、分词结构的复合句
①用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等，现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。
Feeling tired, Iwent to bed earlier than usual.
②过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态
Followed by his
mom, he went there. (被动概念,)
3、不定式结构的复合句
这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.
【Multiple choice questions】
6、Where wasthe courtyard? c
a. Down. b.Under. c. Below. d.Bottom.
down adv.在……下(向下)go down, sit down
under 介词必须加宾语below adv.下面, 表示一种状态bottom n.下面
7、He looked atthe bits of wood and metal ___c___ around him. a. laying b.laid c. lying d.lie
laying(lay) vt.放 (lay the egg(下蛋))
lying(lie vi.躺 lie in bed)
lie(lied，lied) 撒谎过去分词属于非谓语动词, 做定语时与被修饰词形成被动关系
8 Agust of wind swept the bed off the roof. The wind blewvery ___a___.
a. hard b.fast c.quickly d.soon
a gust of wind一阵风hard 修饰动词, 表示程度大
9 The bed crashedinto the courtyard. It ___c___ the courtyard.
a. smashed b.knocked c.struck d.exploded
crash vi.从上往下掉, 摔碎；smash vt.摔碎；knock v. 敲击；explode v.爆炸；struck v.撞击
11 He glanced atthe bits of wood and metal. He ___a___ the bits of wood and metal.
a. looked quicklyat b. had a glimpse of c. stared at d.watched
glance at (漫不经心的)扫视,(主动的看)look quickly at 快速地看had a glimpse of (无意识的)看stare at 盯着看watch 注视, 密切关注
Lesson 50 Taken for a ride
【New words and expressions】(4)
★ride n.旅行(不走路的)；v. 骑(车, 马)
trip n.(出差性的)旅行(旅行地方不远或呆的时间不长)travel n.(周游世界性的)旅行journey n.(陆地上的)旅行flight n.(空中)旅行voyage n.(海上)旅行tour n.游玩sightseeing n.观光游
★excursion n.远足，游玩, 郊游(距离不会很远) weekend's excursion 周末游
★view n.景色(主观性较强)
in one's view＝in one'sopinion 就某人看来
sight n.景色, 视线, 视野(强调客观)
【课文讲解】
1、Taken for a
ride就当作是一次兜风
take…for… 把……当作……
take sb. for aride 欺骗taken for 上当了
2、I lovetravelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way.
love/ like doingsth. 喜欢做某事(强调一种习惯)
lose one’s way 迷路
3、I went on anexcursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.
go on an excursion ＝have an
excursion 作一次短距离的旅行go on 进行，为(某一目的)而去
take sb. some time 花费某人多少时间
My trip took me along time.
It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 花费某人多少时间
It took me a monthto learn book 2.
It takes sb. sometime that… 花费某人多少时间
sb. spend some time(on) doing sth. .
sb. spend some timeon sth.
金钱上的花费cost,pay for sth.
than Iexpected 比我所预料的(口语)
The question iseasier than I expected.
than I thought 比我原以为的
The English classtook me longer than I thought.
4\'I'll tell youwhere to get off.' answered the conductor.
get on the bus 上车 ；get off the bus 下车
“特殊疑问词+to+动词原形”可用来取代宾语从句
【语法精粹】
1、Did you findout__c__the pie out of oven?
a. to take b. have taken c. when to take d. being taken find out 发现take sth. out of 取出来
Did you find outwhen we could(can)take the pie out of oven?
6、I sat in thefront of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
in the front of 在(某一事物的)前部，前者属于后者的范围in front of 在……前面，前者不属于后者的范围get a good view of 欣赏……的美景
7、Lookinground, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.
非谓语动词(现在分词或过去分词)做状语, 这个动作必然与主句主语有关：－ing与主句主语构成主动关系；－ed 与主句主语构成被动关系；to do与主句主语构成目的关系如果非谓语动词做定语, 只与被修饰词相关, 与主语无关passing plain 路过的飞机； ploughed field耕过的地
如果-ing/-ed做宾补, 与宾语有关
I find the door
locked. (locked被动，门被锁)
with+ n. 表示状态I do sth with an excitement.
on the bus = in thebus 在火车上、汽车上既可以用“in”又可用“on”
8、'This is asfar as we go.'
as far as + 从句 到……程度/限度，就……的限度而言as far
as we go＝we couldn't go any more
I can't bear(it anymore). / It was more than I could bear. = This is as far as I bear.
9、'Oh dear,'said the conductor suddenly. 'I forgot to put you off.'
oh dear 哦, 天呐
forget to do sth. /forget doing sth.忘记已经做了I
put sb. off 让……下车(或飞机、船等)
put sb. off ＝remind sb.to do 提醒(某人)……
put sb. off 推脱, 敷衍put sth. off 推迟, 延期
10、'Well, inthat case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered. in that(this) case 如果那样(这样)的 话，既然是那样(这样)
prefer to dosth. 宁可做某事
prefer to do…ratherthan… 宁可……也不……
【letter writing】
给朋友写信要称呼他们的名字，如“亲爱的弗雷德”，决不要以“亲爱的朋友”类的词语开头。
给亲戚写信，则可以这样开头：亲爱的妈妈、亲爱的爸爸、亲爱的弗雷德叔叔、亲爱的艾丽丝姨妈，但决不可称“亲爱的表兄”，或“亲爱的弗雷德表兄”。
给长辈写信，长辈中的直系亲属不加名字，只加称谓；长辈中的旁系亲属既要加称谓，又要加名字。给平辈的亲属写信，直接称呼名字，不加称谓。
【Key structures】
表示习惯性动作
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词appear，appreciate，believe，feel，forget，hear，know，like，look，notice，remember，resemble，see，think，understand，belong to，consist of，contain，desire，detest，dislike，hate，hope，love，matter，mean，mind，need，want，wish常用于一般现在时而不用于进行时
【Special Difficulties】
Lose, Loose, Miss.
lose vt. 失去，丧失，遗失，丢失Royhas lost his job
If you bet on that horse you will lose yourmoney. (bet on sth 就……打赌)
loose adj. 松动的，松的，松开的
Servral screws have
come loose. (come loose，松了
miss v.怀念, 思念, 错过，未能……，缺(课等)，惦念，想念missing adj.不见了的
sth. is lost = sth.is missing
missing boy 失踪了的孩子(不能用“lost” )
Expect, Wait for
expect可以表示“预计……可能发生(或来到)，等待，期盼”，它表示等待时往往侧重人的心理而不是具体在某个地方等。
I expect / I’m expecting to hear from you.
I’m expecting thebus to arrive in the next ten minutes.
My trip took melonger than I expected.
wait for主要指“等待”这个动作本身。
【Multiple choice
questions】
5‘Where ___c___ getoff?’I asked.‘I'll tell you where to get off,’answered the conductor.
a. to b.for c.shall I d. in order to
在日常口语中语法概念很弱,如“What to do？”也常常使用, 不符合语法, 但在写作时语法概念要很强.
7 This is as far aswe go. We don't go ___a___.
a. any further b. more far c. further more d. so far
not any more = notany longer = not any further 不再……furthermore 更进一步, 更有甚者的是
9 The writer got onthe bus, but he didn't know where to ___b___.
a. get down b.get off c. get out of d. get over
下某种交通工具, 一定要用get off
get down: 如吃完饭后, 下桌子时会用 get down(不会和下车相连)After dinner, I got down. 我吃完饭后, 离开了桌子. get out of + 地方 从……地方出去get over 恢复
12 I prefer to stayon the bus. That's ___d___.
a. myfavourite b. my best c. beloved d. what I'd like to do best I’d like to do… 我愿意做某事
I like sth.best. 我最喜欢的事
Lesson51 Reward for Virtue
【New words and expressions】(10)
★reward n.报偿；v. 给奖赏
give sb.reward 给……报偿reward sb.
with sth. 用……奖赏...reward sb.
for sth. 因为…给某人奖赏
…reward him for thefirst prize
★virtue n.美德
strongpoints n.长处， merit n.优点
shortpoints n.短处， weak points 弱点
★diet n.节食go on a diet =be on a diet 实行节食
forbid(forbade[，forbidden) v.禁止
forbid sb. to dosth. 禁止某人做某事
allow sb. to dosth. 允许某人做某事
Forbidden City 紫禁城 (被禁止的城市) ；Forbidden fruit 禁果
★embarrass v.使尴尬sth. embarrass sb. 让……感到尴尬embarrassing adj.令人尴尬地；embarrassed adj.感到尴尬embarrassment n.尴尬To my embarrassment，…让我感到尴尬的是……
★guiltily adv.内疚地guiltily conscience 问心有愧clear conscience 问心无愧
★strict adj.严格的
be strict with sb./in sth. 对……严格
★occasionally adv.偶而地
on the occasion偶尔， sometimes偶尔，attimes 偶尔off andon now and again 偶尔
【课文讲解】
1、My friend,Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to goon a diet.
things(要用复数形式)可以表示“情况，情形，状况，形势”等含义：Howare things going on with you?
get作不及物动词时可以表示“变得”：
diet用于表示治疗某种疾病或调节体重的“特种饮食”、“规定饮食”时通常与on连用：The doctor
put him on a strict diet. 医生让他严格控制饮食。I once went on adiet for a week and then I gave up.
2、First ofall, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
first of all 首先, 首要 (许多事情中首要的, 即最重要的) at first 首先(句型at first…, then… 起先…然后…)write out 写出，(正式)写，全部写出
3、The listincluded most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk,chocolate; and sweets. most of… 大部分……
includ和contain都有“包含”的意思，但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include则只表示其中的一部分。contain一定是容器里面装，include则含义更广，在这里不能用contain。
It included three bags of sweets.
4、Yesterday I paid him a visit.
pay sb. avisit 拜访某人
pay a visit tosb./someplace =call up sb./at someplace 拜访某人/某地. have a visit＝visit
5、I rang thebell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
as…as ever 像往常一样，照旧，依然
be surprised to dosth. / be surprised at sth.
6、He led meinto his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
lead sb. into(进门)； show sb. out(出门)；see sb. off(送行)
7、It wasobvious that he was very embarrassed.
obviously
【Letter writing】
如果给一个不很熟悉的人写信,应按如下方式开头：亲爱的布朗先生，亲爱的史密斯夫人。在姓名之后总要加上一个逗号。对对方熟悉, 但是为了表示一种尊重, 也可这么写。
写信开头：你的姐姐(Dear
+姐姐的名字), 你的朋友比尔(Dear Bill), 你的老板(Dear Mr./Mrs. +某人), 你的老校长(Dear Mr./Mrs. +姓)。 在不知道对方性别姓名时 : 如应聘信开头 Dear Sir/Madam,
【Key structures】
一般过去时
与一般过去时常用的两个词是once和recently，recently在表示“最近一段时期”时也可以与现在完成时连用。一般过去时可以用于时间状语从句中，一般过去时可以用于与最近的打算比较时。
【Special difficulties】
Raise and Rise.
rais作动词时只能作及物动词，即它必须跟宾语。它可以表示“举起，往上提，使……升高”等含义：
Heavy rains haveraised the level of the river this year.
rise作动词时通常为不及物动词，表示“起立，起床，(日、月等)升起”等含义：
Lay and Lie.:lay(laid，laid) vt. 置，搁，铺，准备lie(lay，lain) vi. 躺，平卧
Beat and Win.
beat vt.打败，战胜，胜过，超过
win vt.在……获胜(成功)，赢得，获得，夺得beat后面接对手，win不能接对手。
【Multiple choice questions】
11 He wasvery embarrassed. He felt ___d___.
a.shy b. shameful c.hot d. uncomfortable
注意以下三类词：
① 感官动词feel,
smell(闻起来 : The food smeel well.), sound(听起来: The idea sound good.)
② 变得get , become③lie feel+adj
shy adj.害羞的(习惯性的, 在某一种情况下就会作出的反应)shame n. 羞愧shameful adj.令人羞愧的It’sshameful. (注意它没有“-ing” 形式)
ashamed adj.感到羞愧的hot 热的, 恼火的
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的, 不放松的(comfortable 一种自在, 轻松, 放松)
Lesson52 Aprettycarpet
【New words and expressions】(4)
★inch n. 英寸(度量单位)foot 英尺(pl. feet ); mile 英里
★space n.空间 注意读音浊化, 六个爆破音中有三个清辅音 [] 在 [] 后面是要浊化为对应的三个浊辅音 [] 又如school
★actually adv.实际上＝in fact
【课文讲解】
1、We have justmoved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.
现在完成进行时用来强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作有现在的结果。现在完成时表示在漫长地时间段，过去发生的, 还一定要对现在产生影响；在过去发生的动作, 一直延续到现在，现在完成时, 动词一定是延续性动词
It has rained forhalf day. It has been raining.
2、I have been trying to get my new room inorder.
get sth. in order 使……有秩序，把……整理好(get 使役动词)
in order 整齐，井然有序，有秩序, 有次序
3、This has notbeen easy because I own over a thousand books.
★own
① vt. 拥I own over athousand books.
② vt. &vi. 承认He owned tostealing the wallet.
③ adj. 自己的He has acar of his own.
4、To makematters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books onthe floor.
to make mattersworse 更糟糕的是……，插入语
5、At the moment, they cover every inch of floorspace and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.
at the moment ＝now 现在，此刻，目前
every inch 每一英寸(夸张)
Gold covered everyinch of the ground in America.
It is worth everypenny of it.
6、A shortwhile ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.
help sb. (to) dosth. 帮某人做某事(to 可省略)
help sb. withsth. 帮某人做某事
with one’shelp 在某人的帮助下
7、'This is the
prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. “I have ever seen” 做定语从句出现, 是最高级的标志
8、She gazed atit for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit herein your spare time and read the carpet!'
gazed at 对……向往, 羡慕not at all 完全不，起强调作用in one’s spare time 某人空闲的时候，spare表示“空闲的，多余的”
【Key
structures】
现在完成时，现在完成进行时
现在完成时：have
done，表示已完成的动作
现在完成进行时：have
been doing，强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作现在有结果。到现在为止，该动作可能已不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如all day，all
morning等或for和since。
I have read thebook. 书已看完
I have been reading
the book. 还没看完, 还要继续
表示持续性的动词，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副词短语连用，也可用于以how long开头的疑问句中：
I’ve been working for Exxon for 15 years.
现在完成进行时还可以表示经常重复的动作：Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week. 与段时间连用可以用现在完成时, 也可以用现在完成进行时, 但跟次数连用的, 一定只能用完成时, 不能用现在完成进行时
He has rung me upfive times since 12 o’clock.
【语法精髓】
1、You should
go to bed. You _____ (watch) TV for 5 hours.2、I _____(write) letters since breakfast.
3、I _____(write) 3 letters since breakfast.
4、Sorry, butMr.Smith _____ (leave) for Beijing.
5、I _____ (look)
for him everywhere, where can he be?1、have beenwatching/have watched
2、having been
writing 3、have written 4、hasleft
和现在完成进行时连用的, 一定不能是次数；和现在完成进行时连用的动词, 一定不能是短暂动词，leave是瞬间动词5、have been looking 通过 “where can he be?” 这句话可知人没找到, 还要继续找
【Special Difficulties】
形容词、相应的副词及其用法：
许多副词，特别是表示方式的副词，皆由形容词加-ly构成，如easy(容易的)/easyly，beautiful(漂亮的)/beautifully。一些频度副词也如此构成，如usual(通常)/usually。还有少数几个表示程度及观点的副词也都以-ly结尾：high(高的)/highly(高度地)，real(真的)/really。大多数形容词加 “ly” 变为副词 : 如beautiful－－beautifully，但是不是所有的形容词都可以加ly(asleep)；不是所有的副词都一定以ly结尾(late)；不是所有的加ly的都是副词(lovely)有些副词虽然由形容词加-ly构成，但在意义上与其相应的形容并不相同，如hard(勤奋的，困难的)/hardly(几乎不)，cold(冷的)/coldly(冷淡的)，late(迟到的，晚的)/lately(最近，近来)，near(近的，接近的)/nearly(几乎，差不多，差点儿)。有些副词有两种形式。有的意义相同，如cheap(廉价的)/cheaply(廉价地)，但有的意义不同如late(迟，晚)/lately(近来)，hard(努力地，猛烈地)/hardly(几乎不)。late adv.> 深的； deeply〈adv.> 深度地 (不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)near 大多数方式副词的位置一般在宾语或动词前面，表示时间的副词常位于句尾，有时也可位于句首。程度副词，如almost，enough，hardly，nearly，quite，rather，too等，大部分用在它们所修饰的动词之前。 副词修饰动词(walk quickly), 形容词(very beautiful), 副词词性本身(very much), 还可以修饰句子 【Multiple choice questions】 3 He has beenworking all morning and he ___c___hard. a.still works b.has still worked c. is still working d.still worked still works 一般现在时是一种习惯 10 Heactually has to walk on them. He can't do ___c___. a.else b.different c.otherwise d.other else一定放在不定代词和疑问代词后面anything else,anybody else,who else,what else等 different形容词, 动词后应加副词或名词做宾语, 而不是形容词other形容词；the other代词 ★otherwise conj.否则, 不然 Hurry up, otherwiseyou will miss train. ② adj. 另外的, 其他方面的 ③ adv. 另外, 否则, 不同地, 别的方式(=differently) 12 You cansit here in your spare time. You can sit here when you're ___d___. a.working b.studying c.notworking d.reading spare time = notwork 在考试时没上下文是答案为c；在本课文中应为d Lesson 53 Hot snake 【New words and expressions】(13) ★hot hot adj.热的；新鲜的；棘手的；带电的, 充电的hot-hot-hot 麻辣烫；hot-wings 辣鸡翅；hot dog 热狗hot-tempere火暴(脾气)的 hot line 热线；hot topic 热门话题hot cake 热蛋糕 It sells like a hot cake/cakes. 表示一个东西的畅销, 热销best seller 畅销的东西hot potato 棘手的问题hot news 最热点的新闻 ★fireman n.消防队员 hydrant n.消防栓, 消防龙头 fire ext灭火器 (extinguisher n.熄灭者,灭火器) extinguish＝put out 灭火 ★cause ① v. 引起Pridecauses failure. cause sb. to do sth. 引起某人做某事, 导致某人做某事 ② n. 原因，强调事情发生的直接原因(一个) because 因为reason 理由，其他各种的理由(很多个)★examine v.检查check v.核实, 核对 ★accidentally adv.意外地, 偶然地 (但更趋向于 “偶然的意思)accident－>accidental－>accidentallyaccident n.事故unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地(更趋向于 “意外” 的意思) ★remains n.尸体, 残骸 指deadbody ★solve v.解决 solve the mystery solvethe problem ★snatch v.抓住 catch v.抓，如抓鱼hold v.握着 snatch v. (突然抓起来)强调动作的突然性 seize v.抓住(用力) 【课文讲解】 1、Hot snake 触电的蛇 get a electricshock 触电 2、At lastfiremen have put out a big forest fire in California. at last 最后，终于 put out a fire 扑灭火(put out扑灭，熄灭，关掉) a fire 一场(堆)火 3、Since then,they have been trying to find out how the fire began. since then 从那时起，到现在为止 find out (经过研究、努力等)找出，发现，查出……(这里find out的宾语是个从句) 4、Forest fires are often caused by broken glassor by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. broken glass 被打碎的玻璃片 cigarette ends 烟头 5、They werealso quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. be sure that 对……很有把握；quitesure 相当的把握性rather adv.相当fairly adv.相当, 公正地, 诚实地quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly 程度一个比一个轻quite a few 颇有几个(相当多的) start a fire＝cause a fire(start vt. 使……发生，引起) 6、This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. accidentally =by chance 偶然地discover本身含有偶然发现(某个已经存在的东西)的含义 7、He noticed the remains of a snake which waswound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. notice 注意别人没注意的东西 the remains表示“尸体，残骸”，必须用复数形式： 16,000-volt power line 连字符“-” 一旦加在两个词之间, 这个词之间就失去了加复数的资格, 能够加连字符的概念一定是做定语 ★wind ① vt. 缠绕，卷在…上(常与around/round连用)Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree?② vt. 蜿蜒，盘旋wind one'sway 蜿蜒而行 8、A bird hadsnatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. had done 先发生的事drop 无意掉下去的 【Summary writing】 1 Now that firemanhave put out a big forest fire in California ,they have been trying to discoverits cause. now that 既然2 evidence n.证据 区分同位语与定语从句：that做了主语或者宾语, 是定语从句； that既不作主语也不作宾语, 是同位语从句fact , evidence 的后面往往是加同为语从句 5 (In) windingitself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it causedthe fire. 介词“in”“on”放在动词“-ing”前面的理解方式和没有“in”“on”的理解方式一样 【Key structures】 一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时 一般过去时通常与一个表示确切的时间的状语连用，现在完成时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时不需要时间状语，而现在完成进行时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时与all+表示时间的名词连用。现在完成时与一般过去时中既可以用状态动词(表示存在、拥有、感情、思想、需求等的动词)也可以用行为动词，现在完成进行时则通常与行为动词连用。 【Special Difficulties】 Throw to，Throw at andThrow away throw作及物动词主要含义为“投，掷，抛，扔”。 throw to (sb.) 扔给(某人)throw at 对准某一目标扔throw away 扔掉，丢弃 Cause and Reason cause ① n. 原因，起因； Do you know the cause of the war?② v. 使……产生/发生，引起 cause sth. 导致, 引起 cause sb. to dosth. 导致某人做某事 reason ① n. 理由，原因 What was the reasonfor the delay? 作“原因”讲时，reason与cause可以互换，但reason与介词for连用；而cause则与介词of连用。 reason后面通常跟why引导的从句： That was the reason why the meeting was putoff. ② v. 推理劝导，说服reason with sb. 劝说(以道理) Drop and Fall drop vi.&vt. (使)掉下，(使)落下，放(强调的是不小心掉下来)fall vi. 落下，(雨、雪)下，降，跌倒，摔倒(强调的是掉下来的概念, 动作) 【Multiple choice questions】 11 In thisway he was able to solve the mystery. ___c___he did it. a.That's so b.Like this c.That's how d. So Lesson 54 Stickyfingers 【New words and expressions】(14) ★sticky adj.粘的as sticky as glue ★finger n.手指toe n. 脚趾 thumb 大拇指；index f inger 食指；middle finger 中指；ring finger 无名指；little finger 小指 ★mix ① vt. 使混和拌和mixture n.混合物 You can mix somesalt into the flour. ② vi. 交往，相处 I’m not going tomix with those people. ★annoying adj.恼人的 annoyed adj.感到烦恼的(比anger的语气弱) ★dismay v. 失望, 泄气dismay sb.让某人感到失望 dismaying adj.令人失望；dismayed adj. 感到失望 ★recognize ① vt. 辨出，认出，认识 ② vt. 承认，确认，认可 He recognized Danas one of his best friends. ★persuade v.说服, 劝说 表示劝说已经成功 try topersuade 劝说 reason withsb. 劝说，并不能说明是否劝说成功 ★mess n.乱七八糟 口语中a mess用来指“困境，窘境，一团糟”等含义 What a mess! 真是糟糕透了！You are a mess!你真邋遢make a mess of sth. 把……搅得乱七八糟 ★sign v.签字signature n.签名 sign your name(s)here 在这签名 (许多人加“s” ) sign for 签收 autograph 明星,名人的签名 (n. 亲笔签名；v. 签署) ★register v.挂号邮寄a registered letter 挂号信 【课文讲解】 1、The childrenwere at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. at school 在上学；at work 在上班；at home 在家休息school和work前都不加冠词，因为不是指具体那个学校或具体干什么工作，只是泛指他们在干什么。home为副词，所以也不加冠词。 2、In a shorttime I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered withsticky pastry. be busy doingsth. 忙于做某事 flour面粉, 不可数名词,发音于“flower 相同, 但 “flower” 是可数名词, 一般会用复数“flowers” be coveredwith… 盖满…… 3、At exactlythat moment, the telephone rang. at exactly thatmoment 就在那时，恰恰在此时 exactly用于加强语气，表示“正、恰恰”： 4、Nothingcould have been more annoying. No one couldbe/have been… 没有人…… No one could be/have been fatter. 没有人更胖了 Nothing could havebeen… 没有……更…… Nothing could havebeen more exciting. No face could beuglier. 没有一张脸更丑了 No books could bemore interesting. 5、I picked upthe receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized thevoice of Helen Bates. pick up the receiver 捡起话筒 6、It took meten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 persuade sb. intodoing sth. 说服某人做…… I persuaded him into giving up that plan. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. ring back 回电话；再打电话 7、At last Ihung up the receiver. hang up 挂起hang up the receiver 挂断电话 8、I had nosooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake thedead. no sooner…than… = hardly…when… 刚……就……(用于过去完成时) ★enough n.& adj.& adv.足够 ① n. 足够I have/hadhad enough. ② adj. 足够的enough +n./ n. +enough 修饰名词 ③ adv. 足以……修饰adj.或者adv.时放在被修饰词的后面enoughto do sth. 足以用来做某事 【Composition】 2 Two hours had passed.I smelled something burning.(When) Two hours had passed when I smelled something burning.…(time)passed, and then…；…(time)passed, before…一般不会把 “when” 放在“…(time)passed…” 之前, 这是习惯 【Letter writing】 在信的第一段里, 你应该提及你已经收到的一封信或促使你回信的某一事件 pleased to dosth. 非常高兴的/Thank you for +n. 【Key structures】 The, Some and Any 1、some和any可用于不可数名词及复数可数名词之前，some通常用于肯定句，any通常用于否定句或疑问句中。但在期待得到肯定答复的疑问句中也可以用some，而在肯定句中表示“随便哪个，任何一个”的含义时也可以用any。 These are the only meat pies I have. Do youwant some of them? Yes, please. Any meatpies will do. 2、有些形容词可以用于the之后(决不能用于a/an之后)，表示作为整体的群体，如the blind，the deaf，the living，the dead，the rich，the poor，the young，the old。这些形容词后要跟复数动词，不可用这些形容词本身来指个体:This is a special school for the deaf. 如果想指单数个体，则可以说： Sam is a young man with a lot of money. 3、当下列名词指其“主要目的”，即与其相关的动作时，要用零冠词(即名词前没有冠词)。这类名词有bed，church，class，college，hospital，market，prison，school，sea，university，work。 但在特指的东西面前要用the，泛指同类事物中的任何一个时则用a。 4、在形容词/副词的最高级前面要用the，但当most表示“大多数”时它前面则不加the。 the most 最most of the… 大部分的…… 【Multiple choice questions】 5 Nothingcould have been more annoying. It was ___d___annoying thing that could havehappened. a.the more b.more c.most d.the most nothing + be more annoying表达最高级含义 8 She wasbusy mixing butter and flour. She was ___d___. a.joiningthem b.uniting them c.unifying them d. putting them together United States (政治上的联合)；unify 与 unite 的用法基本相同, 指的是政治上的联合 join ①加入团体，组织join the army/join the party ②加入某某人Join us!(口语常用, 注意连读) 10 She wasdismayed when she heard Helen Bates. She felt _____ a.pity b.sorry c.ill d.tired tired 单独表 “很累”， “tired of” 表示“厌烦”pity 为名词, sorry 为形容词，felt 为感官动词，后接形容词ill 身体上的不舒服