《道德经》译解(11)有无之间

                      — 《道德经》第十一章

图10-1 铜车马

三十輻，共一轂，當其無，有車之用。埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用。鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用。故有之以為利，無之以為用。

The thirty spokes unite in the one nave;

And it is on the empty space for the axle,

That the use of the wheel depends.

Clay is fashioned into vessels;

And it is on their empty hollowness,

That their use depends.

The door and windows are cut out from the walls to form an apartment;

And it is on the empty space within,

That its use depends.

Therefore, what has a positive existence serves for profitable adaptation,

And the actual usefulness depends upon the void.

【解】据《河上公注》“三十輻共一轂，古者車三十輻，法月數也。共一轂者，轂中有孔，故眾輻共湊之。治身者當除情去欲，使五藏空虛，神乃歸之。治國者寡能，摠眾弱共使強也。當其無，有車之用。無，謂空虛。轂中空虛，輪得轉行，轝中空虛，人得載其上也。埏埴以為器，埏，和也。埴，土也。和土以為飲食之器。當其無，有器之用。器中空虛，故得有所盛受。鑿戶牖以為室，謂作屋室。當其無有室之用。言戶牖空虛，人得以出入觀視；室中空虛，人得以居處，是其用。故有之以為利，利，物也，利於形用。器中有物，室中有人，恐其屋破壞，腹中有神，畏其形亡也。無之以為用。言虛空者乃可用盛受萬物，故曰虛無能制有形。道者空也。”已经解释得比较清楚了，