1、配置chrony服务，实现服务器时间自动同步
[21:15:33 root@centos7-1 ~]#yum -y install chrony
[21:24:24 root@centos7-1 ~]#vim /etc/chrony.conf
ntp.aliyun.com iburst
allow 192.168.0.0/16
[21:24:54 root@centos7-1 ~]#systemctl enable chronyd
[21:24:54 root@centos7-1 ~]#systemctl start chronyd
[21:15:33 root@centos7-2 ~]#yum -y install chrony
[21:24:24 root@centos7-2 ~]#vim /etc/chrony.conf
192.168.23.7 iburst
[21:24:54 root@centos7-2 ~]#systemctl enable chronyd
[21:24:54 root@centos7-2 ~]#systemctl start chronyd
2、实现cobbler+pxe自动化装机
1.环境准备
两台主机
一台主机：CentOS 7 充当 Cobbler，http，dhcp，tftp 服务器，并关闭防火墙和SELinux
一台主机：充当测试机，用于实现自动化安装Linux系统
网络要求：关闭Vmware软件中的NAT模式中的DHCP服务，两个主机网卡基于NAT模式
2.安装相关包并启动服务
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install cobbler dhcp -y
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now cobblerd httpd tftp dhcpd
3.修改cobbler相关的配置
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other
than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a
resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that
will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings
must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the
boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may
run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle
x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version
of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files
in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include
pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command
is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian
deployments and repositories
7 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed
machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to
'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrasehere'
'your-password-here'" to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power
management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
#生成新密码，默认安装好的系统root密码为cobbler
[root@centos7 ~]#openssl passwd -1 'magedu'
$1$1spuisnh$j34LNmyTQWs3l6xKxCZY60
#根据以上提示，只需要做1，2，8这三项即可，修改下面四行
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$1spuisnh$j34LNmyTQWs3l6xKxCZY60"
next_server：< tftp服务器的 IP 地址>
server：
manage_dhcp：1 #设置为1，表示通过cobbler生成dhcpd.conf配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart cobblerd
4.实现dhcp服务
#修改dhcp的模版文件下面的行，用来生成dhcp的配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.100.1;
option domain-name-servers 180.76.76.76,223.6.6.6;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.100.1 192.168.100.200;
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start dhcpd
5.下载启动的相关文件
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2020-02-10_163111_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Mon Feb 10 16:31:11 2020)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@centos7 ~]#ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README
COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot
[root@centos7 ~]#tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── boot
├── etc
├── grub
├── images
├── images2
├── ppc
├── pxelinux.cfg
└── s390x
8 directories, 0 files
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
task started: 2020-02-10_163219_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Feb 10 16:32:19 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@centos7 ~]#tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── boot
│ └── grub
│ └── menu.lst
├── etc
├── grub
│ ├── efidefault
│ ├── grub-x86_64.efi
│ ├── grub-x86.efi
│ └── images -> ../images
├── images
├── images2
├── memdisk
├── menu.c32
├── ppc
├── pxelinux.0
├── pxelinux.cfg
│ └── default
├── s390x
│ └── profile_list
└── yaboot
10 directories, 10 files
6.修改菜单的标题信息(可选)
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.magedu.com/
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.magedu.com/ #默认为：http://cobbler.github.io/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT local
LABEL local
MENU LABEL (local)
MENU DEFAULT
LOCALBOOT -1
MENU end
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
7.导入CentOS系统的安装文件，生成相应的YUM源
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler import --name=centos-8.1-x86_64 --path=/misc/cd --
arch=x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr1 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler import --name=centos-7.7-x86_64 --path=/mnt --
arch=x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#du -sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/*
11G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7.7-x86_64
7.2G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-8.1-x86_64
12K /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler distro list
centos-7.7-x86_64
centos-8.1-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile list
centos-7.7-x86_64
centos-8.1-x86_64
#默认生成的是最小化安装
8.准备 kickstart文件,并关联至指定的YUM源
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
zerombr
text
reboot
clearpart --all --initlabel
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
url --url=$tree #注意此行必须指定
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
lang en_US.UTF-8
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens160 --ipv6=auto --activate
network --hostname=centos8.magedu.com
rootpw --iscrypted
$6$nOPs5JTMlP4mhQeW$R/o62B6SXAh3RR.zrZ3U0X4xYX9/u5nSLrR/vqCB6kdO2XFfMk2a4yAgrHJQ
pXK/e4jzRb0jiLBv2nFMXaBjB/
firstboot --enable
skipx
services --disabled="chronyd"
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=wang --
password=$6$oUfb/02CWfLb5l8f$sgEZeR7c7DpqfpmFDH6huSmDbW1XQNR4qKl2EPns.gOXqlnAIgv
9pTogtFVaDtEpMOC.SWXKYqxfVtd9MCwxb1 --iscrypted --gecos="wang"
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
%packages
@^minimal-environment
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
#将kickstart文件，关联指定的YUM源和生成菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-8.1_test --distro=CentOS-8.1-
x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-7.7_test --distro=CentOS-7.7-
x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg
#删除默认生成的菜单
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=centos-8.1-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=centos-7.7-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile list
CentOS-7.7_test
CentOS-8.1_test
#删除默认的菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=CentOS8.0-x86_64
9.测试客户端基于Cobbler实现自动安装
image.png
10.支持UEFI安装
注意：CentOS6的虚拟机不支持UEFI
修改文件设置时间，默认不显示菜单
#修改模版文件
[root@cobbler-centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/efidefault.template
[root@cobbler-centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
default=0
timeout=60
$grub_menu_items
#使模版生效
[root@cobbler-centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
#验证生效
[root@cobbler-centos7 ~]#head -n 2 /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
default=0
timeout=0
设置客户端的启动使用UEFI
image.png
启动客户机可以看到面界面
image.png
选择对应的菜单进行自动安装
image.png
11.实现cobbler 的web管理
[root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install cobbler-web
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart httpd
通过浏览器访问下面地址： https://cobblerserver/cobbler_web
image.png
用户名：cobbler，默认密码：cobbler
image.png
image.png
12.创建cobbler的自定义的web用户
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
cobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3
[root@centos7 ~]#htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler admin
Adding password for admin in realm Cobbler.
New password:
Re-type new password:
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
admin:Cobbler:461941848a17e1b412f94c100a79bf75
3
[root@centos7 ~]#htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler admin2
Adding user admin2 in realm Cobbler
New password:
Re-type new password:
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
admin:Cobbler:461941848a17e1b412f94c100a79bf75
3
admin2:Cobbler:8e3ab6cc196fac11dcf0512c200a672f
使用上面命令创建的用户登录web界面即可