python进阶宝典19- pyautogui自动化鼠标和键盘操作

一  pyautogui模块简要说明

## 使用 pyautogui 模块相关函数，可以模拟鼠标及键盘操作， 完整说明文档见: http://pyautogui.readthedocs.org/

# pip install pyautogui

# 要注意的是，模拟移动鼠标与击键可能太快，导致其他程序跟不上，并且程序可能失去控制，

# 需要掌握如何从问题中恢复，至少要能中止它。

# 防止或恢复GUI自动化问题

# 1) 使用pyautogui.PAUSE设置每个PyAutoGUI函数调用在执行动作后暂停的秒数

# 2) pyautogui自动防故障功能：将鼠标移到屏幕的左上角，来抛出failSafeException异常

二  控制鼠标移动与交互

三  屏幕快照与识别比较

四  控制键盘

五  综合例子

具体见以下代码及说明：

## 使用 pyautogui 模块相关函数，可以模拟鼠标及键盘操作， 完整说明文档见: http://pyautogui.readthedocs.org/
# pip install pyautogui
# 要注意的是，模拟移动鼠标与击键可能太快，导致其他程序跟不上，并且程序可能失去控制，
# 需要掌握如何从问题中恢复，至少要能中止它。
# 防止或恢复GUI自动化问题
#   1) 使用pyautogui.PAUSE设置每个PyAutoGUI函数调用在执行动作后暂停的秒数
#   2) pyautogui自动防故障功能：将鼠标移到屏幕的左上角，来抛出failSafeException异常
import pyautogui
pyautogui.PAUSE = 1
pyautogui.FAILSAFE = True           # 启用自动防故障功能
width,height = pyautogui.size()     # 屏幕的宽度和高度
pyautogui.position()                # 鼠标当前位置

## 控制鼠标移动
for i in range(10):
    pyautogui.moveTo(100,100,duration=0.25)      # 移动到 (100,100)
    pyautogui.moveTo(200,100,duration=0.25)
    pyautogui.moveTo(200,200,duration=0.25)
    pyautogui.moveTo(100,200,duration=0.25)

for i in range(10):
    pyautogui.moveRel(100,0,duration=0.25)       # 从当前位置右移100像素
    pyautogui.moveRel(0,100,duration=0.25)       # 向下
    pyautogui.moveRel(-100,0,duration=0.25)      # 向左
    pyautogui.moveRel(0,-100,duration=0.25)      # 向上

## 例子:持续获取鼠标位置并更新显示
# 1.获取当前坐标
# 2.在屏幕上打印，并删除之前打印的坐标
# 3.处理异常，并能按键退出
# Displays the mouse cursor's currrent position.
import pyautogui
print('Press Ctrl-C to quit.')
try:
    while True:
        # Get and print the mouse coordinates.
        x,y = pyautogui.position()
        positionStr = 'X: '+str(x).rjust(4)+' Y:'+str(y).rjust(4)
        pix = pyautogui.screenshot().getpixel((x,y))   # 获取鼠标所在屏幕点的RGB颜色
        positionStr += ' RGB:('+str(pix[0]).rjust(3)+','+str(pix[1]).rjust(3)+','+str(pix[2]).rjust(3)+')'
        print(positionStr,end='')                      # end='' 替换了默认的换行
        print('\b'*len(positionStr),end='',flush=True) # 连续退格键并刷新，删除之前打印的坐标，就像直接更新坐标效果
except KeyboardInterrupt:                              # 处理 Ctrl-C 按键
    print('\nDone.')

## 控制鼠标交互
# pyautogui.click() 封装了 pyautogui.mouseDown()和pyautogui.mouseUp(), 这两个函数也可以单独使用
# pyautogui.doubleClick() 双击左键， pyautogui.rightClick() 双击右键，pyautogui.middleClick() 双击中键
import pyautogui
pyautogui.click(10,5)                     # 在(10,5)单击鼠标，默认左键
pyautogui.click(100,150,button='left')
pyautogui.click(200,250,button='right')
# pyautogui.dragTo()    按键并拖动鼠标移动，参数为坐标，与moveTo相同
# pyautogui.dragRel()   按键并拖动鼠标移动，参数为距离，与moveRel相同

import pyautogui,time
time.sleep(5)
# 这里停顿5秒，用于手工打开windows绘图应用，并选中铅笔或画图工具，让鼠标停留在画图工具的窗口中
# 或使用在线paint (http://sumopaint.com)
pyautogui.click()      # click to put drawing program in focus
distance = 200
while distance > 0 :
    pyautogui.dragRel(distance,0,duration=0.2)  # move right
    distance = distance - 5
    pyautogui.dragRel(0,distance,duration=0.2)  # move down
    pyautogui.dragRel(-distance,0,duration=0.2) # move left
    distance = distance - 5
    pyautogui.dragRel(0,-distance,duration=0.2) # move up
print('Done')

pyautogui.scroll(200)         # 鼠标向上滚动200像素
pyautogui.scroll(-100)        #     负数向下

import pyperclip
numbers = ''
for i in range(200):
    numbers = numbers + str(i) + '\n'
pyperclip.copy(numbers)
print(numbers)
# 这里手动打开一个文本窗口，粘贴
import time,pyautogui
time.sleep(5);pyautogui.scroll(100)

## 分析屏幕快照
import pyautogui
im = pyautogui.screenshot()     # 获取屏幕快照
im.getpixel((50,200))           # (130,135,144)
pyautogui.pixelMatchesColor(50,200,(130,135,144))   # True  可用来判断屏幕是否发生变化
pyautogui.pixelMatchesColor(50,200,(255,135,144))   # False
# 图像定位识别
pyautogui.locateOnScreen('submit.png')   # 在屏幕上查找匹配与文件相同的区域--每个区域像素都要相同 左,顶,宽,高
pyautogui.center(pyautogui.locateOnScreen('submit.png'))  # 获取匹配图像中心点坐标
pyautogui.click((678,759))               # 点击该区域核心
list(pyautogui.locateAllOnScreen('submit.png'))   # 匹配到多处，返回区域list

## 控制键盘
pyautogui.click(100,100);pyautogui.typewrite('Hello python')
pyautogui.typewrite(['a','b','left','left','X','Y'])  # typewrite可传入击键列表，这里输出XYab，left是左箭头
print(pyautogui.KEYBOARD_KEYS)           # pyautogui接受的所有可能字符串

pyautogui.press('enter')                 # 接受按键命令
pyautogui.keyDown('shift');pyautogui.press('4');pyautogui.keyUp('shift')    # 输出 $ 符号的按键
#热键组合
pyautogui.keyDown('ctrl')
pyautogui.keyDown('c')
pyautogui.keyUp('c')
pyautogui.keyUp('ctrl')
# 这四句是组合 ctrl-c，类似这种顺序按下，再反序释放的，可以用hotkey()
pyautogui.hotkey('ctrl','c')                # 同上面四句，组合键
pyautogui.hotkey('ctrl','alt','shift','s')  # Ctrl-Alt-Shift-S 热键组合

## 综合例子: 自动填表程序
# http://autbor.com/form
# 将电子表格中的大量数据自动输入到另一个应用的表单界面
# 1.点击表单的第一个文本字段
# 2.遍历表单，再每个输入栏键入信息
# 3.点击submit按钮
# 4.用下一组数据重复这个过程
# Automatically fills in the form.

import pyautogui,time
# set these to the correct coordinates for your computer.
nameField = (648,319)
submitButton = (651,817)
submitButtonColor = (75,141,249)
submitAnotherLink = (760,224)

formData = [{'name':'Alice','fear':'eavppers','source':'wand','robocop':4,'comments':'Tell us'},
            {'name':'Bog','fear':'eaves','source':'crystal','robocop':4,'comments':'Big room'},
            {'name':'Kad','fear':'apple','source':'woold','robocop':1,'comments':'Nice day'},
            {'name':'Cace','fear':'ppers','source':'ball','robocop':5,'comments':'n/a'}
           ]
pyautogui.PAUSE = 0.5
for person in formData:
    # Give the user a chance to kill the script.
    print('>>> 5 SECOND PAUSE TO LET USER PRESS CTRL-C <<<')
    time.sleep(5)
    # Wait until the form page has loaded.
    while not pyautogui.pixelMatchesColor(submitButton[0],submitButton[1],submitButtonColor):
        time.sleep(0.5)
    print('Entering %s info...' % (person['name']))
    pyautogui.click(nameField[0],nameField[1])       # 单击第一个文本字段输入位置
    # Fill out the Name field.
    pyautogui.typewrite(person['name']+'\t')         # 输入该域，并按下 tab 键，将焦点转向下一个输入框
    # Fill out the Greatest Fear(s) field.
    pyautogui.typewrite(person['fear']+'\t')
    # 处理下拉框
    # Fill out the Source of Wizard Powers Field
    if person['source'] == 'wand':
        pyautogui.typewrite(['down','\t'])
    elif person['source'] == 'crystal':
        pyautogui.typewrite(['down','down','\t'])
    elif person['source'] == 'woold':
        pyautogui.typewrite(['down','down','down','\t'])
    elif person['source'] == 'ball':
        pyautogui.typewrite(['down','down','down','down','\t'])                
    # 处理单选按钮
    # Fill out the RoboCop field
    if person['robocop'] == 1:
        pyautogui.typewrite([' ','\t'])
    elif person['robocop'] == 2:
        pyautogui.typewrite(['right','\t'])
    elif person['robocop'] == 3:
        pyautogui.typewrite(['right','right','\t'])
    elif person['robocop'] == 4:
        pyautogui.typewrite(['right','right','right','\t'])
    elif person['robocop'] == 5:
        pyautogui.typewrite(['right','right','right','right','\t'])
    # Fill out the Additional Comments field.
    pyautogui.typewrite(person['comments']+'\t')
    # Click Submit.
    pyautogui.press('enter')
    # Wait until form page has loaded.
    print('Clicked submit.')
    time.sleep(5)
    # Click the Submit another response link.
    pyautogui.click(submitAnotherLink[0],submitAnotherLink[1])