RustDay04------Exercise[11-20]

11.函数原型有参数时需要填写对应参数进行调用

这里原先call_me函数没有填写参数导致报错 添加一个usize即可

// functions3.rs
// Execute `rustlings hint functions3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.



fn main() {
    call_me(10);
}

fn call_me(num: u32) {
    for i in 0..num {
        println!("Ring! Call number {}", i + 1);
    }
}

12.函数需要返回值

fn sale_price(price: i32) -> i32前面括号内是传入参数类型,后面是返回值类型

// functions4.rs
// Execute `rustlings hint functions4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.

// This store is having a sale where if the price is an even number, you get
// 10 Rustbucks off, but if it's an odd number, it's 3 Rustbucks off.
// (Don't worry about the function bodies themselves, we're only interested
// in the signatures for now. If anything, this is a good way to peek ahead
// to future exercises!)



fn main() {
    let original_price = 51;
    println!("Your sale price is {}", sale_price(original_price));
}

fn sale_price(price: i32) -> i32{
    if is_even(price) {
        price - 10
    } else {
        price - 3
    }
}

fn is_even(num: i32) -> bool {
    num % 2 == 0
}

13.函数隐式返回,不能使用逗号作为默认返回

这里square函数隐式返回num*num,如果加上分号会返回()

// functions5.rs
// Execute `rustlings hint functions5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.

// I AM NOT DONE

fn main() {
    let answer = square(3);
    println!("The square of 3 is {}", answer);
}

fn square(num: i32) -> i32 {
    num * num
}

14.使用if编写函数功能

这里使用if判断a>b的情况 然后分情况讨论

// if1.rs
// Execute `rustlings hint if1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.



pub fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
    // Complete this function to return the bigger number!
    // Do not use:
    // - another function call
    // - additional variables
    if a>b {
        a
    }
    else {
        b
    }
}

// Don't mind this for now :)
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn ten_is_bigger_than_eight() {
        assert_eq!(10, bigger(10, 8));
    }

    #[test]
    fn fortytwo_is_bigger_than_thirtytwo() {
        assert_eq!(42, bigger(32, 42));
    }
}

15.嵌套if返回条件

// if2.rs

// Step 1: Make me compile!
// Step 2: Get the bar_for_fuzz and default_to_baz tests passing!
// Execute `rustlings hint if2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.



pub fn foo_if_fizz(fizzish: &str) -> &str {
    if fizzish == "fizz" {
        "foo"
    } else {
        if fizzish =="fuzz"{
            "bar"
        }
        else {
            "baz"
        }
    }
}

// No test changes needed!
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn foo_for_fizz() {
        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("fizz"), "foo")
    }

    #[test]
    fn bar_for_fuzz() {
        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("fuzz"), "bar")
    }

    #[test]
    fn default_to_baz() {
        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("literally anything"), "baz")
    }
}

其中assert_eq!(a,b)是在比较a,b两个数值是否相等,用于做单元测试

16.使用if进行简单应用场景功能实现

自己编写calculate_price_of_apples(price:i32)->i32即可

// quiz1.rs
// This is a quiz for the following sections:
// - Variables
// - Functions
// - If

// Mary is buying apples. The price of an apple is calculated as follows:
// - An apple costs 2 rustbucks.
// - If Mary buys more than 40 apples, each apple only costs 1 rustbuck!
// Write a function that calculates the price of an order of apples given
// the quantity bought. No hints this time!



// Put your function here!
fn calculate_price_of_apples(price:i32)->i32 {
    if (price<=40){
        return price*2;
    }
    return price;


}

// Don't modify this function!
#[test]
fn verify_test() {
    let price1 = calculate_price_of_apples(35);
    let price2 = calculate_price_of_apples(40);
    let price3 = calculate_price_of_apples(41);
    let price4 = calculate_price_of_apples(65);

    assert_eq!(70, price1);
    assert_eq!(80, price2);
    assert_eq!(41, price3);
    assert_eq!(65, price4);
}

17.利用boolean类型变量做判断

// primitive_types1.rs
// Fill in the rest of the line that has code missing!
// No hints, there's no tricks, just get used to typing these :)



fn main() {
    // Booleans (`bool`)

    let is_morning = true;
    if is_morning {
        println!("Good morning!");
    }
    let is_evening = false;
    // let // Finish the rest of this line like the example! Or make it be false!
    if is_evening {
        println!("Good evening!");
    }
}

18.判断字符类型

我们在这里只需要填一个字符即可,即使是emjoy

// primitive_types2.rs
// Fill in the rest of the line that has code missing!
// No hints, there's no tricks, just get used to typing these :)



fn main() {
    // Characters (`char`)

    // Note the _single_ quotes, these are different from the double quotes
    // you've been seeing around.
    let my_first_initial = 'C';
    if my_first_initial.is_alphabetic() {
        println!("Alphabetical!");
    } else if my_first_initial.is_numeric() {
        println!("Numerical!");
    } else {
        println!("Neither alphabetic nor numeric!");
    }

    let your_character='u';// Finish this line like the example! What's your favorite character?
    // Try a letter, try a number, try a special character, try a character
    // from a different language than your own, try an emoji!
    if your_character.is_alphabetic() {
        println!("Alphabetical!");
    } else if your_character.is_numeric() {
        println!("Numerical!");
    } else {
        println!("Neither alphabetic nor numeric!");
    }
}

19.获取字符串长度

// primitive_types3.rs
// Create an array with at least 100 elements in it where the ??? is.
// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.


fn main() {
    let a = "99999999999999999999999999999999";

    if a.len() >= 100 {
        println!("Wow, that's a big array!");
    } else {
        println!("Meh, I eat arrays like that for breakfast.");
    }
}

20.字符串切片

使用&引用变量 [leftIndex..rightIndex)区间内切片

// primitive_types4.rs
// Get a slice out of Array a where the ??? is so that the test passes.
// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.



#[test]
fn slice_out_of_array() {
    let a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

    let nice_slice = &a[1..4];

    assert_eq!([2, 3, 4], nice_slice)
}