参考资料
- RabbitMQ官方网站
- RabbitMQ官方文档
- 噼咔噼咔-动力节点教程
Exchange (简称X)翻译为交换机、交换器、路由器…
注意:交换机并不是所有消息中间件都有,但是是一个很好的概念
交换机分为以下四个类型
扇形交换机会将生产者的消息投递到所有绑定的队列中,不需要路由键,更不需要路由键匹配,相当于广播群发。
环境,jdk1.8,ieda2022.3.3,springboot版本2.5.2
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqpartifactId>
dependency>
项目用到的几个依赖
application.yml
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.3.10
port: 5672
username: admin
password: huiju@2022!
virtual-host: hc-test
注意和控制台端口做出区分,控制台是15672,服务器端口是5672
思路整理
具体代码:
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @Author zhuhuacong
* @Date: 2023/10/13/ 17:25
* @description rmq交换机配置
*/
@Configuration
public class ExchangeConfig {
// 定义交换机
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange("xcong.fanout");
}
// 定义两个不同的队列
@Bean
public Queue queueA(){
return new Queue("xcong.fanout.A");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB(){
return new Queue("xcong.fanout.B");
}
// 绑定队列,注意参数名称
@Bean
public Binding bindingA(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange , Queue queueA){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(fanoutExchange);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingB(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange , Queue queueB){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(fanoutExchange);
}
}
注意:
package com.zhc.rabbitmqdemo.demos.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* @Author zhuhuacong
* @Date: 2023/10/13/ 17:39
* @description 扇形X
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/fanout")
public class FanoutController {
@Resource
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/{msg}")
public void sendMessage(@PathVariable("msg") String msg){
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("xcong.fanout","",msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
log.info("成功发送消息 {} " ,msg);
}
}
成功启动后访问http://localhost:12378/fanout/jjjj
可以检测是否发送成功:
控制台消息如下:
2023-10-13 17:47:53.593 INFO 30476 --- [io-12378-exec-2] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.3.10:5672]
2023-10-13 17:47:53.608 INFO 30476 --- [io-12378-exec-2] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#791c12e3:1/SimpleConnection@69c9eb7c [delegate=amqp://[email protected]:5672/hc-test, localPort= 53349]
2023-10-13 17:47:53.675 INFO 30476 --- [io-12378-exec-2] c.z.r.demos.service.FanoutController : 成功发送消息 jjjj
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqpartifactId>
dependency>
server:
port: 12378
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.3.10
port: 5672
username: admin
password: huiju@2022!
virtual-host: hc-test
注意使用几个关键注解:
@RabbitListener
@Service
@Slf4j
public class ConsumerService {
@RabbitListener(queues = {"xcong.fanout.A", "xcong.fanout.B"})
public void revicerMsg(Message message) {
byte[] body = message.getBody();
MessageProperties messageProperties = message.getMessageProperties();
String consumerQueue = messageProperties.getConsumerQueue();
String receivedExchange = messageProperties.getReceivedExchange();
log.info("接收到的消息:{} . 消息队列 :{} , 交换机名称:{}",new String(body) , consumerQueue , receivedExchange);
}
}
为了便于接受消息,设置打印了参数信息
在生产者出产生消息,然后控制台输出:
接收到的消息:一个普通的信息 . 消息队列 :xcong.fanout.B , 交换机名称:xcong.fanout
接收到的消息:一个普通的信息 . 消息队列 :xcong.fanout.A , 交换机名称:xcong.fanout
成功接受消息
根据 路由键 匹配,进行路由消息队列。
流程梳理如下:
具体的依赖和配置都不变,不做赘述了。接下来的示例只会解释不同的部分
思路整理
@ConfigurationProperties
从配置文件中读取属性package com.zhc.rabbitmqdemo.demos.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @Author zhuhuacong
* @Date: 2023/10/16/ 9:58
* @description 直连交换机
*/
@Configuration
public class DirectExchangeConfig {
public static String exchangeName = "xcong.direct";
public static String queueC = "xcong.direct.C";
public static String queueD = "xcong.direct.D";
// 创建交换机
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange(){
// 使用建造者模式
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(exchangeName).build();
}
// 创建队列
@Bean
public Queue queueC(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueC).build();
}
// 创建队列
@Bean
public Queue queueD(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueD).build();
}
// 绑定队列
@Bean
public Binding bindingC(DirectExchange directExchange , Queue queueC){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC).to(directExchange).with("error");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingD1(DirectExchange directExchange , Queue queueD){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(directExchange).with("error");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingD2(DirectExchange directExchange , Queue queueD){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(directExchange).with("info");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingD3(DirectExchange directExchange , Queue queueD){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(directExchange).with("warning");
}
}
@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/direct")
public class DirectController {
@Resource
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/{key}/{msg}")
public void sentErrorMsg(@PathVariable("msg") String msg , @PathVariable("key")String key){
log.info("准备发送的信息:{} , 路由键 :{}",msg , key);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName , key , msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
log.info("成功发送");
}
}
小结,发送消息时的路由key和队列的key一致,就可以将消息发送到指定的UI队列
访问接口/direct/info/一个普通的信息
:队列D接收到消息
访问接口/direct/error/一个报错的信息
:队列CD都接收到消息
访问接口/direct/warning/一个警告
:队列D接收到消息
接受消息代码一致,截图展示一下结果
通配符匹配(路由键),相当于模糊查询
#
匹配多个单词,用来表示任意数量的单词(一个或多个
*
匹配一个单词(必须且只有一个)
.
来隔开为一个单词举个例子:左边是队列的路由键,而右边是发送的路由键
@Configuration
public class TopicExchangeConfig {
public static String exchangeName = "xcong.topic";
public static String queue1 = "xcong.queue.1";
public static String queue2 = "xcong.queue.2";
@Bean
public TopicExchange topicExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(exchangeName).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queue1(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queue1).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queue2(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queue2).build();
}
@Bean
public Binding binding1(TopicExchange topicExchange , Queue queue1){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue1).to(topicExchange).with("*.orange.*");
}
@Bean
public Binding binding2A(TopicExchange topicExchange , Queue queue2){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue2).to(topicExchange).with("*.*.rabbit");
}
@Bean
public Binding binding2B(TopicExchange topicExchange , Queue queue2){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue2).to(topicExchange).with("lazy.#");
}
}
@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/topic")
public class TopicController {
@Resource
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/{key}/{msg}")
public void sendMsg(@PathVariable("key")String key , @PathVariable("msg")String msg){
log.info("发送的信息:{},发送的键:{}", msg , key);
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(TopicExchangeConfig.exchangeName , key , message);
}
}
访问接口/topic/ssss/一条普通的消息
:无法再后台查询到接受的消息(无匹配)
访问接口/topic/lazy.orange.rabbit/一条普通的消息
:队列1和2都可查
访问接口/topic/A.orange.B/一条普通的消息
:只有队列1接收到消息
头部交换机使用较少,要知道,每一次消息不只包含body,还有头部信息headers。
注意:
@Configuration
public class HeaderExchangeConfig {
public static String exchangeName = "xcong.header";
@Bean
public HeadersExchange headersExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.headersExchange(exchangeName).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queue9(){
return QueueBuilder.durable("xcong.queue.9").build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queue10(){
return QueueBuilder.durable("xcong.queue.10").build();
}
@Bean
public Binding binding9(HeadersExchange headersExchange , Queue queue9){
Map<String , Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
headers.put("type" , "m");
headers.put("status",1);
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue9).to(headersExchange).whereAll(headers).match();
}
@Bean
public Binding binding10(HeadersExchange headersExchange , Queue queue10){
Map<String , Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
headers.put("type" , "s");
headers.put("status",2);
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue10).to(headersExchange).whereAny(headers).match();
}
}
访问控制台可以看到匹配规则:
注意看q10是匹配规则就是all ,而q10的规则是any
@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/header")
public class HeadersController {
@Resource
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/{type}/{status}/{msg}")
public void sendMsg(@PathVariable("type")String type , @PathVariable("status")Integer status , @PathVariable("msg")String msg){
log.info("(头部交换器)发送的信息:{},发送的头部为< type : {} , status : {}>", msg , type ,status);
MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
messageProperties.setHeader("type",type);
messageProperties.setHeader("status" , status);
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).andProperties(messageProperties).build();
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(HeaderExchangeConfig.exchangeName , "" , message);
}
}
/header/k/1/一个普通的消息
:没有匹配/header/m/1/一个普通的消息
:匹配Q9/header/s/1/一个普通的消息
:匹配Q10(走了任意匹配