MySQL利用mysqldump搭建主从复制（传统模式，GTID模式）

主库为master，从库为slave，使用mysqldump将主库数据导出，导入从库，并搭建主从复制。
1.主库mysqldump导出

[root@master mysqlData]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

--主库有一个sam库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sam                |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use sam;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_sam |
+---------------+
| test          |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

--sam.test表有一条数据
mysql> select * from test;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | sam  |
+----+------+

--mysqldump导出数据
[root@master mysqlData]# mysqldump --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf -uroot -psam123 --master-data=2 --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=off --log-error=all.log -A >all.sql

2.从库

[root@slave logs]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

--从库是刚完成初始化的状态
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

--导入主库数据
[root@slave mysqlData]# mysql -uroot -psam123 < all.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@slave mysqlData]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database