Milestones: 25 to 36 months/25~36个月龄幼儿的发展里程碑
IN THIS ARTICLE/在这篇文章中我们将讨论:
Milestones / 发展里程碑
Your role / 你的角色
Red flags / 危险信号
Keep in mind that this is only a guideline to what to expect from your preschooler this year. Each child is unique and develops at her own pace. There's a wide range of what's considered normal, and you probably don't need to be concerned unless you notice one of the red flags described below.
记住，本文只是对今年达到25~36个月龄的孩子，成长和发展该达到什么样的期望值，做出一个指南性的说明。其实每个孩子都是独一无二的，按照自己的节奏成长。关于什么是正常发展应该达到的期望值，其实也是一个宽泛的范围，您一点儿都不需要担心，除非您注意到本文末尾描述的危险信号中，有和您的孩子相符的情况。
Milestones / 发展里程碑
Your preschooler's imagination is taking off: Playing make-believe is a hallmark of this age, along with fears about imaginary monsters and more ordinary things such as the dark or the vacuum cleaner. She might have a hard time sorting out fantasy and reality.
你的这个25~36个月龄孩子 的想象力正处于起飞阶段：“假装游戏”是这个阶段的一个标志，伴随着孩子会对想象中的怪物和更普通的东西（例如黑暗或吸尘器真空管）的恐惧。这么大的孩子可能很难分清幻想和现实。
Her speech is becoming clear enough that strangers can usually understand her. She can use some pronouns properly and follow multi-step instructions. Her vocabulary is increasing dramatically: She'll be using hundreds of words by the time she's 3.
25~36个月龄的幼儿说话越来越清楚，即便陌生人通常都能听懂了。孩子能正确使用一些代词了，也能遵循一些多步骤的指示。孩子的词汇量正在急剧增加中：到3岁时，孩子将会掌握使用数百个词汇。
She can walk up and down stairs, jump, and pedal a tricycle. Her manual dexterity is improving too: Your preschooler is figuring out how to open doors and containers and can manipulate moving parts on toys. She can also draw a circle and complete simple puzzles.
25~36个月龄的幼儿能够上下楼梯，能跳，还能蹬三轮车。孩子的动手能力也在提高，正在学习如何打开门和容器、如何操作玩具上面可移动的部件、在纸上画一个圆圈，完成简单的拼图。
You'll see her start to develop friendships, showing empathy and affection for her playmates – and even her dolls! She's getting the hang of taking turns and sharing, but may struggle with tantrums when her emotions get the best of her.
你会看到25~36个月龄的孩子开始和小伙伴发展友谊，会对小伙伴甚至玩具娃娃表现出有感情，有同理心。她/他也学会了轮流和分享，但当她/他情绪失控时，可能会挣扎着发脾气。
Your role / 你的角色
Provide your child with lots of opportunities to play with kids her own age. Give her a chance to resolve disputes with her friends, but be ready to step in and facilitate sharing or taking turns. She'll need help figuring out how to solve problems and how to handle her emotions.
给你的孩子多找些机会和同龄的小伙伴一起玩。给孩子一些和小伙伴解决争端的机会，但要准备好介入他们玩耍的过程，促进孩子们分享玩具、轮流玩耍。25~36个月龄的孩子需要大人帮助他们解决问题和应对情绪。
Play learning games: Count stairs together, ask her to find matching toys, and name body parts. Pretend play may help her sort through emotions, but let her direct the play. Make sure she gets plenty of time outside to run, hop, pedal, and freely explore.
玩学习性质的游戏的例子有：一起数楼梯、让孩子找匹配的玩具、说出身体各个部位的叫法等等。假装性的（扮演）游戏可以帮助孩子整理情绪，但请注意一定要让孩子自己来指挥这个游戏。同时，确保孩子有足够多的时间进行户外运动，诸如：跑、跳、蹬，以及自由探索的活动。
Set simple and clear limits and follow through with consequences calmly and consistently. Be sure to praise her when she behaves well.
设定简单而清晰的界限，冷静而持续地完成任务。当孩子表现的好的时候，一定要表扬孩子。
Stay on top of her evolving skills and childproof your home accordingly.
掌握孩子正在不断发展自身的何种技能，确保家中的设施是对孩童安全的。
She might be ready to move from her crib to a bed near her third birthday. Watch for signs that your preschooler is ready for toilet training.
25~36个月龄的孩子可能已经准备好，当三岁生日时，从婴儿床搬到儿童床上了。注意你的孩子是否已经准备好，可以做自己上洗手间的训练了。
9 signs your child is ready to potty train (with 1:07 min video) Potty training success depends more on your child's readiness than his age. Watch this video to see if he might be ready to give up diapers for good.
这里有一段1分07分钟的视频，展示那九个信号意味着你的孩子已经准备好可以上厕所了。上厕所训练的成功与否，更多地取决于你孩子的准备程度，而不是年龄。看看这段视频，再看看自己的孩子是否已经准备好永远放弃尿布了。
Red flags / 危险信号
Each child develops at her own pace, but talk to your child's doctor if your preschooler still:
每个孩子都有自己的成长节奏，但是如果你25~36个月龄的孩子仍然有以下现象，请和你孩子的医生谈谈:
>Doesn't interact with people outside her family
>不和家人以外的人交流
>Avoids eye contact
>和别人交流时避免目光接触
>Can't throw a ball or jump
>不能扔球、不能跳
>Can't climb stairs with alternating feet
>不能双脚交替爬楼梯
>Has trouble scribbling
>涂鸦画画比较有困难
>Doesn't use more than three words in a sentence
>在一个句子中只能使用不超过三个单词
>Isn't able to complete a sentence
>不能完整地说一个句子
>Is often difficult for strangers to understand when she talks
>陌生人往往很难听懂孩子说的话
>Doesn't play make-believe
>不完假装扮演游戏
>Excessively balks at basic self-care, like getting dressed or going to sleep
>过于逃避基本的自理行为，比如逃避自己穿衣服、逃避自己睡觉
>Loses skills she previously had, and back to the previous stage: 13 to 24 months
>失去了小时候曾经具备的技能，看起来回到了13到24个月的阶段。
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来源：https://www.babycenter.com/0_milestones-25-to-36-months_1496593.bc
译者：吴和平
版权：英文版原文版权归属babycenter网站所有，中文版仅为个人学习使用，转载的读者请注明出处，感谢！
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