MySQL----基于Docker部署MySQL

【原文链接】MySQL----基于Docker部署MySQL

（1）环境首先需要已经安装Docker，若未安装可参考 CentOS系统安装Docker Engine 安装

（2） 搜索mysql镜像

[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11731     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4472      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   875                  [OK]
phpmyadmin                        phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   381       [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   92
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   89
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   59                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         53
prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              43                   [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                   [OK]
tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   35
linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   34
schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   31                   [OK]
mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   23
centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   21
arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      19                   [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   16                   [OK]
genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  8                    [OK]
yloeffler/mysql-backup            This image runs mysqldump to backup data usi…   7                    [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6
devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici…   3
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                3                    [OK]
centos/mysql-80-centos7           MySQL 8.0 SQL database server                   2
jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   2
widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   1                    [OK]
[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]#

（3）下载MySQL的镜像

[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Pull complete
b76a7eb51ffd: Pull complete
258223f927e4: Pull complete
2d2c75386df9: Pull complete
63e92e4046c9: Pull complete
f5845c731544: Pull complete
bd0401123a9b: Pull complete
2724b2da64fd: Pull complete
d10a7e9e325c: Pull complete
1c5fd9c3683d: Pull complete
2e35f83a12e9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7a3a7b7a29e6fbff433c339fc52245435fa2c308586481f2f92ab1df239d6a29
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]#

（4）创建数据库数据文件本地存储目录

mkdir -p /docker/mysql/var/lib/mysql

（5）启动docker容器

docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true -v /docker/mysql/var/lib/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxx --name mysql mysql:5.7 --character-set-server=utf8 --collation-server=utf8_general_ci

参数说明：

• -d　 表示后台运行
• -p　　表示容器内部端口和服务器端口映射关联
• –privileged=true　设值MySQL 的root用户权限, 否则外部不能使用root用户登陆
• -v /docker/mysql/var/lib/mysql:/var/lib/mysql　　映射数据库的数据目录, 避免以后docker删除重新运行MySQL容器时数据丢失
• -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=xxxxxxx　　　设置MySQL数据库root用户的密码
• –name mysql　　　　 设值容器名称为mysql
• mysql:5.7　　表示从docker镜像mysql:5.7中启动一个容器
• –character-set-server=utf8 设置编码格式
• –collation-server=utf8_general_ci 设值数据库默认编码

（6）进入docker验证mysql数据库

[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                                                             NAMES
4afca70d4674   mysql:5.7             "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                                              mysql
373b8eaed36f   jenkins/jenkins:lts   "/sbin/tini -- /usr/…"   8 days ago      Up 3 days      0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, :::5000->5000/tcp, 50000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8081->8080/tcp, :::8081->8080/tcp   myjenkins
1906e95db7ab   nginx                 "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 weeks ago     Up 7 days      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp                                                                 nginx
[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]# docker exec -it  4afca70d4674 bash
root@4afca70d4674:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
root@4afca70d4674:/# exit
exit
[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]#

（7） 设置root用户可以远程链接mysql数据库
进入docker，登录mysql数据库后，执行如下命令即可（xxxxxx为数据库密码）

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxxxxx';
flush privileges;

如

[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                             NAMES
4afca70d4674   mysql:5.7             "docker-entrypoint.s…"   17 minutes ago   Up 17 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                                              mysql
373b8eaed36f   jenkins/jenkins:lts   "/sbin/tini -- /usr/…"   8 days ago       Up 3 days       0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, :::5000->5000/tcp, 50000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8081->8080/tcp, :::8081->8080/tcp   myjenkins
1906e95db7ab   nginx                 "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 weeks ago      Up 7 days       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp                                                                 nginx
[root@iZbp1flzt6x7pxmxfhmxeeZ jdk1.8.0_301]# docker exec -it  4afca70d4674 bash
root@4afca70d4674:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxxxxx';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

此时即可使用root用户远程连接了

（7） 如不想对外暴露root用户远程连接，可以使用如下命令创建一个普通用户对外暴露
如下，暴露一个用户名为mysql的用户

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mysql'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxxxx' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges;

如：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mysql'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxxxx' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

此时即可使用mysql用户远程连接了

（8） 此时数据库编码并未支持中文，如果向此数据库写入中文数据，则会显示乱码，为解决这个问题，需要在mysql视图下执行如下命令：

SET NAMES 'utf8';