做一个简易计算器 Python

做一个简易的计算器，实现功能加减乘除

菜单栏实现复制粘贴帮助等功能

使用Pycharm运行

 

import tkinter
import math
import tkinter.messagebox

class Calculator:
    # 界面布局方法
    def __init__(self):
        # 创建主界面，并且保存到成员属性中
        self.root = tkinter.Tk()
        self.root.minsize(280, 450)
        self.root.maxsize(280, 470)
        self.root.title('属于我自己的计算器3.0')
        # 设置显式面板的变量
        self.result = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.result.set(0)
        # 设置一个全局变量
        self.lists = []
        # 添加一个用于判断是否按下运算符号的标志
        self.ispresssign = False
        # 界面布局
        self.menus()
        self.layout()
        self.root.mainloop()

    # 计算器菜单界面摆放
    def menus(self):
        # 创建总菜单
        allmenu = tkinter.Menu(self.root)
        # 添加子菜单"编辑"
        menu1 = tkinter.Menu(allmenu, tearoff=0)
        # 添加选项
        menu1.add_command(label='复制(C)         Ctrl+C',command=self.myfunc)
        menu1.add_command(label='粘贴(V)         Ctrl+V',command=self.myfunc)
        # 添加分割线
        menu1.add_separator()
        # 添加选项
        menu2 = tkinter.Menu(menu1, tearoff=0)
        menu2.add_command(label='复制历史记录(I)',command=self.myfunc)
        menu2.add_command(label='编辑(E)                      F2',command=self.myfunc)
        menu2.add_command(label='取消编辑(N)            Esc',command=self.myfunc)
        menu2.add_command(label='清除(L)    Ctrl+Shift+D',command=self.myfunc)
        menu1.add_cascade(label='历史记录(H)', menu=menu2)
        allmenu.add_cascade(label='编辑(E)', menu=menu1)

        # 添加子菜单"帮助"
        helpmenu = tkinter.Menu(allmenu, tearoff=0)
        # 添加选项卡
        helpmenu.add_command(label='查看帮助(V)       F1',command=self.myfunc)
        # 添加分割线
        helpmenu.add_separator()
        # 添加选项卡
        helpmenu.add_command(label='关于计算器(A)',command=self.myfunc)
        allmenu.add_cascade(label='帮助(H)',menu=helpmenu)
        #读取文件中的配置
        self.root.config(menu=allmenu)

    # 计算器主界面摆放
    def layout(self):
        result = tkinter.StringVar()
        result.set(0)
        show_label = tkinter.Label(self.root, bd=3, bg='lavender', font=('楷体', 50),anchor='e', textvariable=self.result)
        show_label.place(x=10, y=20, width=270, height=70)

        button_mc = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='MC', command=self.wait)
        button_mc.place(x=5, y=95, width=50, height=50)

        button_mr = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='MR', command=self.wait)
        button_mr.place(x=60, y=95, width=50, height=50)

        button_ms = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='MS', command=self.wait)
        button_ms.place(x=115, y=95, width=50, height=50)

        button_mjia = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='M+', command=self.wait)
        button_mjia.place(x=170, y=95, width=50, height=50)

        button_mjian = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='M-', command=self.wait)
        button_mjian.place(x=225, y=95, width=50, height=50)

        button_zuo = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='←', command=self.dele_one)
        button_zuo.place(x=5, y=150, width=50, height=50)

        button_ce = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='CE', command=lambda: self.result.set(0))
        button_ce.place(x=60, y=150, width=50, height=50)

        button_c = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='C', command=self.sweeppress)
        button_c.place(x=115, y=150, width=50, height=50)

        button_zf = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='±', command=self.zf)
        button_zf.place(x=170, y=150, width=50, height=50)

        button_kpf = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='√', command=self.kpf)
        button_kpf.place(x=225, y=150, width=50, height=50)

        button_7 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='7', command=lambda: self.pressnum('7'))
        button_7.place(x=5, y=205, width=50, height=50)

        button_8 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='8', command=lambda: self.pressnum('8'))
        button_8.place(x=60, y=205, width=50, height=50)

        button_9 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='9', command=lambda: self.pressnum('9'))
        button_9.place(x=115, y=205, width=50, height=50)

        button_division = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='/', command=lambda: self.pressnum('/'))
        button_division.place(x=170, y=205, width=50, height=50)

        button_remainder = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='//', command=lambda: self.pressnum('//'))
        button_remainder.place(x=225, y=205, width=50, height=50)

        button_4 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='4', command=lambda: self.pressnum('4'))
        button_4.place(x=5, y=260, width=50, height=50)

        button_5 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='5', command=lambda: self.pressnum('5'))
        button_5.place(x=60, y=260, width=50, height=50)

        button_6 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='6', command=lambda: self.pressnum('6'))
        button_6.place(x=115, y=260, width=50, height=50)

        button_multiplication = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='*', command=lambda: self.pressnum('*'))
        button_multiplication.place(x=170, y=260, width=50, height=50)

        button_reciprocal = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='1/x', command=self.ds)
        button_reciprocal.place(x=225, y=260, width=50, height=50)

        button_1 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='1', command=lambda: self.pressnum('1'))
        button_1.place(x=5, y=315, width=50, height=50)

        button_2 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='2', command=lambda: self.pressnum('2'))
        button_2.place(x=60, y=315, width=50, height=50)

        button_3 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='3', command=lambda: self.pressnum('3'))
        button_3.place(x=115, y=315, width=50, height=50)

        button_subtraction = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='-', command=lambda: self.pressnum('-'))
        button_subtraction.place(x=170, y=315, width=50, height=50)

        button_equal = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='=', command=lambda: self.pressequal())
        button_equal.place(x=225, y=315, width=50, height=105)

        button_0 = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='0', command=lambda: self.pressnum('0'))
        button_0.place(x=5, y=370, width=105, height=50)

        button_point = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='.', command=lambda: self.pressnum('.'))
        button_point.place(x=115, y=370, width=50, height=50)

        button_plus = tkinter.Button(self.root, text='+', command=lambda: self.pressnum('+'))
        button_plus.place(x=170, y=370, width=50, height=50)

    # 计算器菜单功能
    def myfunc(self):
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('','菜单只是装饰')

    # 数字方法
    def pressnum(self, num):
        # 判断是否按下了运算符号
        if self.ispresssign == False:
            pass
        else:
            self.result.set(0)
            # 重置运算符号的状态
            self.ispresssign = False
        if num == '.':
            num = '0.'
        # 获取面板中的原有数字
        oldnum = self.result.get()
        # 判断界面数字是否为0
        if oldnum == '0':
            self.result.set(num)
        else:
            # 连接上新按下的数字
            newnum = oldnum + num

            # 将按下的数字写到面板中
            self.result.set(newnum)

    # 运算函数
    def presscalculate(self, sign):
        # 获取界面数字
        num = self.result.get()
        self.lists.append(num)
        # 保存按下的操作符号
        self.lists.append(sign)
        # 设置运算符号为按下状态
        self.ispresssign = True

    # 获取运算结果
    def pressequal(self):
        # 获取当前界面上的数字
        curnum = self.result.get()
        # 将当前界面的数字存入列表
        self.lists.append(curnum)
        # 将列表转化为字符串
        calculatestr = ''.join(self.lists)
        # 使用eval执行字符串中的运算即可
        endnum = eval(calculatestr)
        # 将运算结果显示在界面中
        self.result.set(str(endnum)[:10])
        if self.lists != 0:
            self.ispresssign = True
        # 清空运算列表
        self.lists.clear()

    # 暂未开发说明
    def wait(self):
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('', '此功能不会')

    # ←按键功能
    def dele_one(self):
        if self.result.get() == '' or self.result.get() == '0':
            self.result.set('0')
            return
        else:
            num = len(self.result.get())
            if num > 1:
                strnum = self.result.get()
                strnum = strnum[0:num - 1]
                self.result.set(strnum)
            else:
                self.result.set('0')

    # ±按键功能
    def zf(self):
        strnum = self.result.get()
        if strnum[0] == '-':
            self.result.set(strnum[1:])
        elif strnum[0] != '-' and strnum != '0':
            self.result.set('-' + strnum)

    # 1/x按键功能
    def ds(self):
        dsnum = 1 / int(self.result.get())
        self.result.set(str(dsnum)[:10])
        if self.lists != 0:
            self.ispresssign = True
        # 清空运算列表
        self.lists.clear()

    # C按键功能
    def sweeppress(self):
        self.lists.clear()
        self.result.set(0)

    # √按键功能
    def kpf(self):
        strnum = float(self.result.get())
        endnum = math.sqrt(strnum)
        if str(endnum)[-1] == '0':
            self.result.set(str(endnum)[:-2])
        else:
            self.result.set(str(endnum)[:10])
        if self.lists != 0:
            self.ispresssign = True
        # 清空运算列表
        self.lists.clear()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    myCalculator = Calculator()