learning armbian steps(5) ----- armbian 构建arm rootfs

简要描述

• 基于learning armbian step(4) 的总结，我们来实践一下，接下来的会把整个构建的log都贴出来：

操作日记

• 安装相关的工具

vmuser@vmuser-virtual-machine:~/qemu-arm$ sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
[sudo] password for vmuser:
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
binfmt-support
The following NEW packages will be installed:
binfmt-support qemu-user-static
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 325 not upgraded.
Need to get 7,753 kB of archives.
After this operation, 86.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 binfmt-support amd64 2.1.6-1 [50.7 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 qemu-user-static amd64 1:2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.34 [7,702 kB]
Fetched 7,753 kB in 8s (910 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package binfmt-support.
(Reading database … 276761 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/binfmt-support_2.1.6-1_amd64.deb …
Unpacking binfmt-support (2.1.6-1) …
Selecting previously unselected package qemu-user-static.
Preparing to unpack …/qemu-user-static_1%3a2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.34_amd64.deb …
Unpacking qemu-user-static (1:2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.34) …
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.15) …
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …
Setting up binfmt-support (2.1.6-1) …
Setting up qemu-user-static (1:2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.34) …
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.15) …
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) …

vmuser@vmuser-virtual-machine:~/qemu-arm$ sudo apt install debootstrap
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
debootstrap
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 325 not upgraded.
Need to get 37.2 kB of archives.
After this operation, 262 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 debootstrap all 1.0.78+nmu1ubuntu1.6 [37.2 kB]
Fetched 37.2 kB in 0s (357 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package debootstrap.
(Reading database … 276841 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/debootstrap_1.0.78+nmu1ubuntu1.6_all.deb …
Unpacking debootstrap (1.0.78+nmu1ubuntu1.6) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …
Setting up debootstrap (1.0.78+nmu1ubuntu1.6) …
We can use qemu-debootstrap to building ubuntu rootfs .

vmuser@vmuser-virtual-machine:~/qemu-arm$ sudo qemu-debootstrap --verbose --arch=arm64 --variant=buildd xenial ubuntu_arm64_xenial http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports
[sudo] password for vmuser:
Ok , we get it.
I: Configuring gcc-5…
I: Configuring libstdc+±5-dev:arm64…
I: Configuring gcc…
I: Configuring g+±5…
I: Configuring g++…
I: Configuring build-essential…
I: Configuring libc-bin…
I: Base system installed successfully.
Now we can get the ubuntu rootfs capacity

vmuser@vmuser-virtual-machine:~/qemu-arm$ du -h ubuntu_arm64_xenial/

1.2M ubuntu_arm64_xenial/var/cache/debconf
12K ubuntu_arm64_xenial/var/cache/ldconfig
4.0K ubuntu_arm64_xenial/var/cache/apt/archives/partial
54M ubuntu_arm64_xenial/var/cache/apt/archives
54M ubuntu_arm64_xenial/var/cache/apt
55M ubuntu_arm64_xenial/var/cache
4.0K ubuntu_arm64_xenial/var/tmp
68M ubuntu_arm64_xenial/var
318M ubuntu_arm64_xenial/

If you want to custom your rootfs , your can add build args , qemu-debootstrap will transmit args to debootstrap , so learn debootstrap usage, read fonts can help you customization you ubuntu rootfs.

vmuser@vmuser-virtual-machine:~/qemu-arm$ debootstrap --help

Usage: debootstrap [OPTION]… [ [

Bootstrap a Debian base system into a target directory.

  --help                 display this help and exit

  --version              display version information and exit

  --verbose              don't turn off the output of wget



  --download-only        download packages, but don't perform installation

  --print-debs           print the packages to be installed, and exit



  --arch=A               set the architecture to install (use if no dpkg)

                           [ --arch=powerpc ]



  --include=A,B,C        adds specified names to the list of base packages

  --exclude=A,B,C        removes specified packages from the list

  --components=A,B,C     use packages from the listed components of the

                         archive

  --variant=X            use variant X of the bootstrap scripts

                         (currently supported variants: buildd, fakechroot,

                          scratchbox, minbase)

minbase: 只包含必要的包和apt；
buildd: 包含编译工具包
fakechroot: 包含不用root权限的包
scratchbox: 包含scratchbox(交叉编译工具链)相关包

  --keyring=K            check Release files against keyring K

  --no-check-gpg         avoid checking Release file signatures

  --force-check-gpg      force checking Release file signatures

                         (also disables automatic fallback to HTTPS in case

                         of a missing keyring), aborting otherwise

  --no-resolve-deps      don't try to resolve dependencies automatically



  --unpack-tarball=T     acquire .debs from a tarball instead of http

  --make-tarball=T       download .debs and create a tarball (tgz format)

  --second-stage-target=DIR

                         Run second stage in a subdirectory instead of root

                           (can be used to create a foreign chroot)

                           (requires --second-stage)

  --extractor=TYPE       override automatic .deb extractor selection

                           (supported: dpkg-deb ar)

  --debian-installer     used for internal purposes by debian-installer

  --private-key=file     read the private key from file

  --certificate=file     use the client certificate stored in file (PEM)

  --no-check-certificate do not check certificate against certificate authorities

Verify arm64 ubuntu rootfs:

• cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static ubuntu_arm64_xenial/usr/bin/

• mount proc ubuntu_arm64_xenial/proc -t proc

• mount sysfs ubuntu_arm64_xenial/sys -t sysfs

• cp /etc/hosts ubuntu_arm64_xenial/etc/hosts

• cp /etc/resolv.conf ubuntu_arm64_xenial/etc/resolv.conf

• chroot ubuntu_arm64_xenial/

root@vmuser-virtual-machine:/# ls ---- 》we got it, running arm rootfs in X86 host

bin boot dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var

root@vmuser-virtual-machine:/# ifconfig

bash: ifconfig: command not found

root@vmuser-virtual-machine:/# apt install net-tools

Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree… Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
net-tools
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 165 kB of archives.
After this operation, 688 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports xenial/main arm64 net-tools arm64 1.60-26ubuntu1 [165 kB]
Fetched 165 kB in 2s (79.9 kB/s)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = “en_US”,
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_PAPER = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_NUMERIC = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_IDENTIFICATION = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_MEASUREMENT = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_NAME = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_TELEPHONE = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_ADDRESS = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_MONETARY = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LC_TIME = “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
LANG = “en_US.UTF-8”
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale (“C”).
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
E: Can not write log (Is /dev/pts mounted?) - posix_openpt (2: No such file or directory)
Selecting previously unselected package net-tools.
(Reading database … 11949 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/net-tools_1.60-26ubuntu1_arm64.deb …
Unpacking net-tools (1.60-26ubuntu1) …
Setting up net-tools (1.60-26ubuntu1) …

附加如下为构建桌面系统对应的源：

deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main restricted
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security multiverse
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security multiverse

如下链接为ubuntu各版本的下载地址
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/