一 支付宝支付
大概
支付宝支付 正式环境:需要用营业执照去申请商户号,appid 测试环境:沙箱环境:https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info 支付宝提供接口:给商户使用,收钱 -Java,php,C#的demo,没有python的demo（事例） -git有人封装了 -需要安装模块:pip3 install pycryptodome -应用私钥---自己保存,一定不能丢 -应用公钥---给别人用 -支付宝公钥---支付宝用的 -生成公钥私钥:https://docs.open.alipay.com/291/105971 -把应用公钥配置在支付宝上:应用公钥,配置完成以后,支付宝自动生成一个支付宝公钥 -在程序中:配置应用私钥,支付宝公钥 -如果支付成功,支付宝会回调,但是如果你的服务器挂掉了怎么办? -支付宝24小时以内不定时再给你发,你修改掉订单状态即可 -支付成功,支付宝会有一个get回调,一个post回调:修改订单状态
沙箱测试流程(详情)
1.输入支付金额:在我们的网站往支付宝的网关https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do后面拼?账单(商品名,价格,我数据库生成的订单号等),回调的url等数据 
2.扫码支付：点击去支付来到了拼好的支付宝url 显示支付宝页面
3.支付完成:
4.回调之前拼接的url:支付宝向这个url 发起get请求:GET取数据【显示】支付成功失败和post请求:body(bytes格式)内取数据：状态/我数据库的订单号/支付宝的订单号等
代码(详情)
1.目录
2.keys:应用私钥，支付宝公钥
alipay_public_2048.txt -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- # 加上这行 支付宝的公钥 -----END PUBLIC KEY----- # 同上 app_private_2048.txt -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- #同上 应用的私钥 -----END PUBLIC KEY----- # 同上
3.pay.py:这是从git上找到的支付宝支付接口(PC端支付接口)
from datetime import datetime from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA from Crypto.Signature import PKCS1_v1_5 from Crypto.Hash import SHA256 from urllib.parse import quote_plus from base64 import decodebytes, encodebytes import json class AliPay(object): """ 支付宝支付接口(PC端支付接口) """ def __init__(self, appid, app_notify_url, app_private_key_path, alipay_public_key_path, return_url, debug=False): self.appid = appid self.app_notify_url = app_notify_url self.app_private_key_path = app_private_key_path self.app_private_key = None self.return_url = return_url with open(self.app_private_key_path) as fp: self.app_private_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read()) self.alipay_public_key_path = alipay_public_key_path with open(self.alipay_public_key_path) as fp: self.alipay_public_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read()) if debug is True: self.__gateway = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do" else: self.__gateway = "https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do" def direct_pay(self, subject, out_trade_no, total_amount, return_url=None, **kwargs): biz_content = { "subject": subject, "out_trade_no": out_trade_no, "total_amount": total_amount, "product_code": "FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY", # "qr_pay_mode":4 } biz_content.update(kwargs) data = self.build_body("alipay.trade.page.pay", biz_content, self.return_url) return self.sign_data(data) def build_body(self, method, biz_content, return_url=None): data = { "app_id": self.appid, "method": method, "charset": "utf-8", "sign_type": "RSA2", "timestamp": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), "version": "1.0", "biz_content": biz_content } if return_url is not None: data["notify_url"] = self.app_notify_url data["return_url"] = self.return_url return data def sign_data(self, data): data.pop("sign", None) # 排序后的字符串 unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data) unsigned_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items) sign = self.sign(unsigned_string.encode("utf-8")) # ordered_items = self.ordered_data(data) quoted_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, quote_plus(v)) for k, v in unsigned_items) # 获得最终的订单信息字符串 signed_string = quoted_string + "&sign=" + quote_plus(sign) return signed_string def ordered_data(self, data): complex_keys = [] for key, value in data.items(): if isinstance(value, dict): complex_keys.append(key) # 将字典类型的数据dump出来 for key in complex_keys: data[key] = json.dumps(data[key], separators=(',', ':')) return sorted([(k, v) for k, v in data.items()]) def sign(self, unsigned_string): # 开始计算签名 key = self.app_private_key signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key) signature = signer.sign(SHA256.new(unsigned_string)) # base64 编码，转换为unicode表示并移除回车 sign = encodebytes(signature).decode("utf8").replace("\n", "") return sign def _verify(self, raw_content, signature): # 开始计算签名 key = self.alipay_public_key signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key) digest = SHA256.new() digest.update(raw_content.encode("utf8")) if signer.verify(digest, decodebytes(signature.encode("utf8"))): return True return False def verify(self, data, signature): if "sign_type" in data: sign_type = data.pop("sign_type") # 排序后的字符串 unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data) message = "&".join(u"{}={}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items) return self._verify(message, signature)
4.路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.conf.urls import url from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url('admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^page1/', views.page1), url(r'^page2/', views.page2), ]
5.views
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse from utils.pay import AliPay import json import time def ali(): # 沙箱环境地址：https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info app_id = "2016092000554611" # 支付宝收到用户的支付,会向商户发两个请求,一个get请求,一个post请求 # POST请求，用于最后的检测 notify_url = "http://42.56.89.12:80/page2/" # GET请求，用于页面的跳转展示 return_url = "http://42.56.89.12:80/page2/" #应用私钥 merchant_private_key_path = "keys/app_private_2048.txt" #支付宝公钥 alipay_public_key_path = "keys/alipay_public_2048.txt" # 生成一个AliPay的对象 alipay = AliPay( appid=app_id, app_notify_url=notify_url, return_url=return_url, app_private_key_path=merchant_private_key_path, alipay_public_key_path=alipay_public_key_path, # 支付宝的公钥，验证支付宝回传消息使用，不是你自己的公钥 debug=True, # 默认False, ) return alipay def page1(request): if request.method == "GET": return render(request, 'page1.html') else: money = float(request.POST.get('money')) # 生成一个对象 alipay = ali() # 生成支付的url # 对象调用direct_pay query_params = alipay.direct_pay( subject="充气娃娃", # 商品简单描述 out_trade_no="x2" + str(time.time()), # 商户订单号 total_amount=money, # 交易金额(单位: 元 保留俩位小数) ) pay_url = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do?{}".format(query_params) print(pay_url) # 朝这个地址发get请求 return redirect(pay_url) def page2(request): alipay = ali() if request.method == "POST": # 检测是否支付成功 # 去请求体中获取所有返回的数据：状态/订单号 from urllib.parse import parse_qs body_str = request.body.decode('utf-8') print(body_str) post_data = parse_qs(body_str) print('支付宝给我的数据:::---------',post_data) post_dict = {} for k, v in post_data.items(): post_dict[k] = v[0] print('转完之后的字典',post_dict) sign = post_dict.pop('sign', None) status = alipay.verify(post_dict, sign) print('POST验证', status) return HttpResponse('POST返回') else: params = request.GET.dict() sign = params.pop('sign', None) status = alipay.verify(params, sign) print('GET验证', status) return HttpResponse('支付成功')
6.template
"en"> "UTF-8">Title "stylesheet" href="dist/css/bootstrap.css">
二 微信服务号推送消息
大概
用什么推送 -邮件 -微信推送 -短信推送 微信推送 -公众号(群聊) -认证的公众号:需要营业执照,需要交钱,可以发多篇文章 -未认证的公众号:一天只能发一篇文章 -服务号(微信推送)(私聊) -需要申请,需要认证 -可以主动给单个用户推送消息 -能给推送的人,必须关注我的服务号 -沙箱环境:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
-企业号 -企业里用的: -你们所见的二维码:其实就是一个url地址 -咱们在前端通过url(https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2.....)生成一个二维码
-注意*****修改:网页授权获取用户基本信息
代码(详情)
1.目录
2.路由
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^login/$', views.login), url(r'^index/$', views.index), url(r'^bind/$', views.bind), url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode), url(r'^callback/$', views.callback), url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg), ]
3.settings.py
# ############# 微信 ############## WECHAT_CONFIG = { 'app_id': 'wx3e1f0883236623f9', 'appsecret': '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a', 'redirect_uri': 'http://42.56.89.12/callback/', }
4.models.py
import hashlib from django.db import models class UserInfo(models.Model): username = models.CharField("用户名", max_length=64, unique=True) password = models.CharField("密码", max_length=64) uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人唯一ID',max_length=64, unique=True) wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): # 创建用户时，为用户自动生成个人唯一ID if not self.pk: m = hashlib.md5() m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8")) self.uid = m.hexdigest() super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
5.views.py
import json import functools import requests from django.conf import settings from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse from django.http import JsonResponse from app01 import models # 沙箱环境地质：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login def index(request): obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1) return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj}) def auth(func): def inner(request, *args, **kwargs): user_info = request.session.get('user_info') if not user_info: return redirect('/login/') return func(request, *args, **kwargs) return inner def login(request): """ 用户登录 :param request: :return: """ # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123) if request.method == "POST": user = request.POST.get('user') pwd = request.POST.get('pwd') obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first() if obj: request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid} return redirect('/bind/') else: return render(request, 'login.html') @auth def bind(request): """ 用户登录后，关注公众号，并绑定个人微信（用于以后消息推送） :param request: :return: """ return render(request, 'bind.html') @auth def bind_qcode(request): """ 生成二维码 :param request: :return: """ ret = {'code': 1000} try: access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect" access_url = access_url.format( # 商户的appid appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd', # 回调地址 redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"], # 当前登录用户的唯一id state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值 ) ret['data'] = access_url except Exception as e: ret['code'] = 1001 ret['msg'] = str(e) return JsonResponse(ret) def callback(request): """ 用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。 用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。 :param request: :return: """ code = request.GET.get("code") # 用户md5值,用户唯一id state = request.GET.get("state") # 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息) # request模块朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址发get请求 res = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token", params={ "appid": 'wx3e1f0883236623f9', "secret": '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a', "code": code, "grant_type": 'authorization_code', } ).json() # res.data 是json格式 # res=json.loads(res.data) # res是一个字典 # 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功 openid = res.get("openid") if openid: models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid) response = "授权成功 %s
" % openid else: response = "用户扫码之后，手机上的提示
" return HttpResponse(response) def sendmsg(request): def get_access_token(): """ 获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时) 如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可 """ result = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token", params={ "grant_type": "client_credential", "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'], "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'], } ).json() if result.get("access_token"): access_token = result.get('access_token') else: access_token = None return access_token access_token = get_access_token() openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id def send_custom_msg(): body = { "touser": openid, "msgtype": "text", "text": { "content": 'lqz大帅哥' } } response = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send", # 放到路径?后面的东西 params={ 'access_token': access_token }, # 这是post请求body体中的内容 data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8') ) # 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息) result = response.json() return result def send_template_msg(): """ 发送模版消息 """ res = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send", params={ 'access_token': access_token }, json={ "touser": openid, "template_id": 'IaSe9s0rukUfKy4ZCbP4p7Hqbgp1L4hG6_EGobO2gMg', "data": { "first": { "value": "lqz", "color": "#173177" }, "keyword1": { "value": "大帅哥", "color": "#173177" }, } } ) result = res.json() return result result = send_custom_msg() if result.get('errcode') == 0: return HttpResponse('发送成功') return HttpResponse('发送失败')
6.template.py
"en"> "UTF-8">Title
{% load staticfiles %}
"en">
"UTF-8">
Title
"width: 600px;margin: 0 auto">
请关注路飞学城服务号，并绑定个人用户（用于以后的消息提醒）
第一步：关注路飞学城微信服务号
![]()
"height: 100px;width: 100px" src="{% static "img/luffy.jpeg" %}">
"button" value="下一步【获取绑定二维码】" οnclick="getBindUserQcode()">
第二步：绑定个人账户
"qrcode" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;">
{#qrcode 可以生成二维码 #}
"zh-CN"> "UTF-8">Title "viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">{{ obj.username }} -> {{ obj.wx_id }}
沙箱测试流程(详情)
1.先去微信 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login申请服务号:拿到appid,appsecret,服务号二维码
2.为了给微信用户推送信息(我们的服务器数据库要存上用户的微信号,如上图):先要关注服务号,然后诱导用户向我们拼好的一个微信url连接发请求
ret = {'code': 1000}
try:
access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
access_url = access_url.format(
# 商户的appid
appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd',
# 回调地址
redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"],
# 当前登录用户的唯一id
state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值
)
ret['data'] = access_url
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = str(e)
{#qrcode 可以生成二维码 #}
3.回调地址:微信根据回调地址再向我们服务器发请求,获得数据的同时我们服务器又向微信某个地址发送了一个request.get（爬虫请求）直接拿到了用户的微信号,更新到我们的数据库
#回调地址的路由url(r'^callback/$', views.callback) def callback(request): """ 用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。 用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。 :param request: :return: """ code = request.GET.get("code") # 用户md5值,用户唯一id state = request.GET.get("state") # 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息) # request模块朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址发get请求 res = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token", params={ "appid": 'wx3e1f0883236623f9', "secret": '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a', "code": code, "grant_type": 'authorization_code', } ).json() # res.data 是json格式 # res=json.loads(res.data) # res是一个字典 # 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功 openid = res.get("openid") if openid: models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid) response = "授权成功 %s
" % openid else: response = "用户扫码之后，手机上的提示
" return HttpResponse(response)
4.最终:用户扫码后会得到回调地址的返回信息,例如 '授权成功'
5.我们定义了一个sendmsg(request)视图：1爬取当前用户的token，2服务器拿着token、用户微信号向微信发消息。这样用户就收到了服务号私发的信息
def sendmsg(request): def get_access_token(): """ 获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时) 如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可 """ result = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token", params={ "grant_type": "client_credential", "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'], "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'], } ).json() if result.get("access_token"): access_token = result.get('access_token') else: access_token = None return access_token access_token = get_access_token() openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id def send_custom_msg(): body = { "touser": openid, "msgtype": "text", "text": { "content": 'lqz大帅哥' } } response = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send", # 放到路径?后面的东西 params={ 'access_token': access_token }, # 这是post请求body体中的内容 data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8') ) # 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息) result = response.json() return result def send_template_msg(): """ 发送模版消息 """ res = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send", params={ 'access_token': access_token }, json={ "touser": openid, "template_id": 'IaSe9s0rukUfKy4ZCbP4p7Hqbgp1L4hG6_EGobO2gMg', "data": { "first": { "value": "lqz", "color": "#173177" }, "keyword1": { "value": "大帅哥", "color": "#173177" }, } } ) result = res.json() return result result = send_custom_msg() if result.get('errcode') == 0: return HttpResponse('发送成功') return HttpResponse('发送失败')