二进制部署Kubernetes（k8s）集群
1、安装要求
在开始之前，部署Kubernetes 集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：
（1）一台或多台机器，操作系统CentOS7.x-86_x64
（2）硬件配置：2GB 或更多RAM，2 个CPU 或更多CPU，硬盘30GB 或更多
（3）集群中所有机器之间网络互通
（4）可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
（5）禁止swap 分区
2、准备环境
| 角色 | IP | 组件 |
|---|---|---|
| k8s-master | 10.0.0.121 | kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd |
| k8s-master2 | 10.0.0.122 | kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd |
| k8s-node1 | 10.0.0.11 | kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd |
| k8s-node2 | 10.0.0.31 | kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd |
| nginx-master | 10.0.0.123 | nginx，keepalived |
| nginx-backup | 10.0.0.124 | nginx，keepalived |
操作系统初始化配置
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.0.0.121 k8s-master
10.0.0.11 k8s-node1
10.0.0.31 k8s-node2
EOF
将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
3、部署etcd集群
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障
| 节点名称 | IP |
|---|---|
| etcd-1 | 10.0.0.121 |
| etcd-2 | 10.0.0.11 |
| etcd-3 | 10.0.0.31 |
3.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
3.2 生成Etcd证书
1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）
创建工作目录：
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd TLS/etcd
自签CA：
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem #查看证书文件
ca-key.pem ca.pem
2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件：
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.121",
"10.0.0.11",
"10.0.0.31"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书：
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
查看证书文件
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
3.3 从Github下载二进制文件
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
3.4 部署Etcd集群
以下在k8s-master上操作，为简化操作，待会将k8s-master生成的所有文件拷贝到k8s-node1和k8s-node2
- 创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/ - 创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.0.121:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.0.121:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.0.121:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.0.121:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.0.0.121:2380,etcd-2=https://10.0.0.11:2380,etcd-3=https://10.0.0.31:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
- systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
- 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
- 将上面k8s-master所有生成的文件拷贝到k8s-node1和k8s-node2
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在k8s-node1和k8s-node2分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
然后设置开机自启并启动服务etcd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
- 查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://10.0.0.121:2379,https://10.0.0.11:2379,https://10.0.0.31:2379" endpoint health
4、安装Docker
4.1 下载并解压二进制包
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
4.2 systemd管理docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.3 创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["阿里云镜像加速地址"]
}
EOF
registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器
4.4 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
5、部署Master Node
5.1 生成kube-apiserver证书
- 自签证书颁发机构（CA）
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
查看证书文件
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
- 使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件：
cd TLS/k8s
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"10.0.0.121",
"10.0.0.11",
"10.0.0.31",
"10.0.0.122",
"10.0.0.123",
"10.0.0.124",
"10.0.0.125",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
5.2 从Github下载二进制文件并解压
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.18.3/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
5.3 部署kube-apiserver
- 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://10.0.0.121:2379,https://10.0.0.11:2379,https://10.0.0.31:2379 \\
--bind-address=10.0.0.121 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=10.0.0.121 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
–logtostderr：启用日志
—v：日志等级
–log-dir：日志目录
–etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
–bind-address：监听地址
–secure-port：https安全端口
–advertise-address：集群通告地址
–allow-privileged：启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
–enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
–authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
–token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
–service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
–etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
–audit-log-xxx：审计日志
2. 拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
- 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
创建上述配置文件中token文件：
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ’ ’
之后生成的字符串替换到
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
字符串,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
- systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
- 授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
–clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper
–user=kubelet-bootstrap
5.4 部署kube-controller-manager
1.创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
–master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
–leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
–cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致
7. systemd管理controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
5.5 部署kube-scheduler
- 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
–master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
–leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
2. systemd管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
- 查看集群状态
所有组件都已经启动成功，通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态：
kubectl get cs
6、部署Worker Node（k8s-node1，k8s-node2）
下面还是在Master Node上操作，即同时作为Worker Node（不清楚是不是虚拟机快照的原因，用这个节点的ip加暴露端口访问nginx的时候经常访问不到，重启后就可以，待解决，其他两个节点node1和node2都可以正常访问nginx）
6.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
在所有worker node创建工作目录：
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
从master节点拷贝：
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝
6.2 部署kubelet
- 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
–hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
–network-plugin：启用CNI
–kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
–bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
–config：配置参数文件
–cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像
2. 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
- 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.121:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="8a26758d30a7b3f4650ba71821b31489" # 与token.csv里保持一致
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件路径：
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg
- systemd管理kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
6.3 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群
查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A 6m3s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A
查看节点
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady <none> 7s v1.18.3
6.4 部署kube-proxy
- 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="–logtostderr=false \
–v=2 \
–log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
–config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF - 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF - 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
生成kube-proxy证书：
切换工作目录
cd TLS/k8s
创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
“CN”: “system:kube-proxy”,
“hosts”: [],
“key”: {
“algo”: “rsa”,
“size”: 2048
},
“names”: [
{
“C”: “CN”,
“L”: “BeiJing”,
“ST”: “BeiJing”,
“O”: “k8s”,
“OU”: “System”
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
生成kubeconfig文件：
KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.0.121:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件指定路径：
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
- systemd管理kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
6.5 部署CNI网络
下载并解压CNI二进制文件：
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
#解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录：
mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
部署CNI网络：
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-7mzx4 1/1 Running 0 72s
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 41m v1.18.3
部署好网络插件，Node准备就绪。
6.6 授权apiserver访问kubelet
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
6.7 新增加Worker Node
- 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点
在master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点10.0.0.11/31
scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
- 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注：这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，必须删除重新生成。
- 修改主机名
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
–hostname-override=k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
4. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
- 在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
同意证书申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro
- 查看Node状态
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 65m v1.18.3
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 12m v1.18.3
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 81s v1.18.3
Node2（10.0.0.31 ）节点同上。记得修改主机名！
7、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS
部署dashboard
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问，修改Service为NodePort类型，暴露到外部：
vi recommended.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
type: NodePort
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-694557449d-z8gfb 1/1 Running 0 2m18s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-9774cc786-q2gsx 1/1 Running 0 2m19s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.141 <none> 8000/TCP 2m19s
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.239 <none> 443:30001/TCP 2m19s
访问地址：https://NodeIP:30001
创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色：
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
使用输出的token登录Dashboard。
部署coredns
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
报错ERROR
解决办法：
把extensions/v1beta1改为apps/v1
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
查看pods并测试coredns解析
[root@k8s-master k8s]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-64d575f97f-kv22n 1/1 Running 0 18s
kube-flannel-ds-7mzx4 1/1 Running 0 167m
kube-flannel-ds-pvsvq 1/1 Running 0 137m
kube-flannel-ds-sjprn 1/1 Running 0 146m
[root@k8s-master k8s]# kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
实验过程中遇到的问题
①etcd master起的时候失败，要先把node的etcd起来再起master的
证书生成时指定的配置文件要在当前目录下（没指定绝对路径的话），比如
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
②增加Worker Node时删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件，一个节点忘记删除了导致无法批准批准新k8s-node2 kubelet证书申请
③部署dashboard出现以下的问题（只是一张例图，原图没有截图了）
当我们搭建完一个k8s集群并且使用官方dashboard-yaml文件创建好k8s-dashboard之后发现，只有火狐浏览器可以打开dashbaord界面，chrome和IE浏览器都无法访问
由此可以发现，该证书的很多信息都没有，并且证书的时间也都不正常，这就导致了大部分浏览器不认这个证书，但是我们自己生成的证书大部分浏览器都是可以访问的，那是因为我们自己签发的证书是符合校验字段的
下面介绍两种k8s集群搭建方式对应的解决方案(主要是将自带的证书替换成我们自己签发的证书)
对于自签证书，我们可以使用openssl或者cfssl工具生成证书，或者直接使用k8s证书(/etc/kubernetes/pki)
kubeadm和二进制部署的k8s集群一般都有两套证书(2个ca签发)，一套是apiserver，一套是etcd，如果想使用现成的证书，这两套都可以。
k8s-dashboard证书是存储在k8s中的：
可以发现，certs后面的数据是空的，这就说明在这个secret中并没有存储任何东西，只不过有这个资源创建了，证书在镜像中自带，那么我们需要做的就是需要在这个secret去签发证书，随后在重新创建dashboard的pod即可
由于本人是二进制部署
注意你部署Dashboard的命名空间（之前部署默认是kube-system，新版是kubernetes-dashboard）
解决办法（二进制部署）
kubectl delete secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs \
--from-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --from-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem -n kubernetes-dashboard
2、修改 dashboard.yaml 文件，在args下面增加证书两行
args:
# PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ARGS HERE
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --tls-key-file=server-key.pem
- --tls-cert-file=server.pem
最后
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
kubeadm部署
注意你部署Dashboard的命名空间（之前部署默认是kube-system，新版是kubernetes-dashboard）
1、删除默认的secret，用自签证书创建新的secret
kubectl delete secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs \
--from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt -n kubernetes-dashboard
2、修改 dashboard.yaml 文件，在args下面增加证书两行
args:
# PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ARGS HERE
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --tls-key-file=apiserver.key
- --tls-cert-file=apiserver.crt
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
查看secret
