(整理笔记)Day98人类第一个朋友1:汪星人与人类的深厚渊源 The history of the relationship betw-een dogs and humans

课前想一想

1 . Do you like dogs ?

2. Why do we say that dogs are our good companions?

3. What does "play out" mean?

词汇装备库

1.rivalry/raɪvlri/(n.)相互较劲

2.timid/'tɪmɪd/

(adj.)羞怯的;胆小的,胆怯的

3.seductive/sɪ'dʌktɪv/

(adj.)诱人的;诱惑的;有魅力的

4. enchanting /ɪn'tʃæntɪŋ/(adj.)使人喜悦的;令人陶醉的;迷人的

5. scarcity /'skersəti/

(n.)缺乏;不足;短缺

the scarcity of skilled workers缺乏熟练工人

6.docile/'dɑ:sl/

(adj.)温和的;温顺的,驯服的

7.steppe/step/(n.)(尤指东南欧、俄罗斯和亚洲北部无树的)干草原,大草原

8.whimper/'wɪmpər/(v.)(尤指动物因疼痛或不高兴而)鸣咽,抽泣

9.lineage/'lɪniɪdʒ/(n.)血统;世系

10.raid/reɪd/(n.)(通常由一小队人发起的)突袭,袭击

词句兵工厂

This decision sparked a major devel-opment in human history.

这一决定引爆了人类历史的重大进程。Note:

1.spark/spɑ:rk/(v.)引起,导致,触发(尤指争论或打斗)

The recent interest-rate rises have sparked new problems for small busi-nesses.

近期利率的上调给小型企业带来了新问题。

spark off 引起

The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless phrase.

麻烦是由一句明显无恶意的话引起的。

2.major/'meɪdʒər/(adj.)较重要的;主要的;重大的

词句兵工厂

A story that was once so decisive for mankind is still being played out here today.

一个曾左右人类命运的故事如今依然在此地上演。

Note:

1.decisive/dɪ'saɪSɪV/

(adj.)决定性的,具有决定意义的

a decisive role 决定性的作用

a decisive victory决定性的胜利

The lawyer offered decisive proof.律师提供了决定性的证据。

2.play out发生,出现

Their love affair was played out against the backdrop of war .

他们的爱情故事是在战争的背景下发生的。

词句兵工厂

They live off the refuse.

它们靠垃圾为生。

Note:

1.live off 依靠...生活

*后面可以搭配sb/sth

All his life he had lived off his par-ents.他一辈子都靠父母生活。

They had learned to live off the land.他们学会了靠土地吃饭。

2.refuse/'ref,ju:s/(n.)(尤指家庭、工厂等固定产生的)废物,废料,垃圾refuse disposal 废物处理

municipal refuse城市生活垃圾refuse landfill 垃圾填埋

词句兵工厂

Here, it's the law of the strongest.

这里是强者的天下。

Note:

1.the law of the strongest 弱肉强食

*也可以说the law of the jungle

In this business, it's the law of the jungle.

在这个行业里,这是弱肉强食的法则。

We hope for a world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle, gov-erns the conduct of nations.

我们期盼一个以法律制度而不是丛林法则来规范各国行为的世界。

词句兵工厂

White Paw has learned to detect them from a distance and when he finds a group, his predatory instinct kicks in.

白爪已经学会在远处勘察它们的情况,当他发现一群猴子时,他狗猎的本能就发挥作用了。

Note:

1.detect/dɪ'tekt/(v.)(尤指用特殊方法)发现,察觉,看出

Financial experts have detected signs that the economy is beginning to improve

金融专家已经注意到了经济开始有好转的迹象。

2.from a distance 从远处

From a distance, he looks a bit like my math teacher.

从远处看他有点儿像我的数学老师。

3.predatory/'predətɔ:ri/(adj.)以捕食其他动物为生的,食肉的

4.instinct/'instɪŋkt/(n.)本能,直觉

5.kick in开始见效,起作用

It takes half an hour for the medi-cation to kick in.

药片半小时后药力会开始显现。

Reforms will kick in later this year.

改革将于今年晚些时候开始。

语法轻知识

形容词/名词加“en”的用法

Marker sentence:

In central Asia though, while the first dogs still looked very much like wolves,after contact with humans, their fur lightened.

在中亚地区,尽管一开始原始狗看起来依然很像狼,但经过与人类密切接触,它们的毛色变浅。

light作为形容词,意思是“浅的”,后面加后缀-en,组成动词lighten,表示“变浅,变淡”。以下是一些形容词/名词加“en”的用法:

en放在形容词/名词后,构成动词

1.threat→threaten恐吓,威胁

They threatened the shopkeeper with a gun.他们用枪威胁店主。

2.sharp→sharpen使变尖;使锋利,加强;加剧

My pencil is blunt - I'll have to sharpen it

我的铅笔钝了——我得削一下。

Recent changes have sharpened competition between the airlines.

近来的种种变化加剧了航空公司之间的竞争。

en作为前缀,加在某些形容词或名词前构成动词。表示“使(成)...”

1.enable使...能够

The new result should enable us to make a decision.

新的结果应该能使我们做出决定。

2.enlarge扩大,使变大

They are planning to enlarge the dining room.他们正在计划扩大餐厅。

实战练兵场

(2009年西安外国语大学601英语专业基础考研真题)

Although they initially want to eat,they eventually completely lose the desire for food. They diet continually,even when they are so underweight that their lives are threatened. The sight of food makes them 31 .

31.A.nauseated      B.picky

    C. timid              D. nervous

解析:

题目第一句话的意思是:虽然他们最初想要吃东西,但最终完全失去了对食物的欲望。initially和eventually在这是一对反义词,initially表示最初,一开始;eventu-ally指最后,最终。后半段的意思是:即使体重过轻,生命受到威胁,他们也会坚持节食。看到食物会使得他们...

四个选项中,A.nauseated表示作呕的,恶心的,B.picky指挑剔的,过分讲究的,C.timid指胆小的,羞怯的,D.ner-vous表示紧张的。上文提到这类病人怕超重而慢慢失掉食欲,吃不下饭。由此可知他们看到食物的反应应该是厌恶的,因此正确答案为A。

【答案】A

文化加油站

Quotes - lovely connection be-tween human and dog

1.A true friend leaves paw prints on your heart.

一个真正的朋友在你的心中留下爪痕。

2.A dog will be your best friend no matter what.

无论如何,狗都会成为你最好的朋友。

3. You may have many best friends but your dog only has one.

你可能有很多最好的朋友,但你的狗只有一个。

4.A best friend is someone who loves you when you forget to love yourself.最好的朋友就是当你忘了爱自己时,依然深爱着你的人。

5. If puppies could talk, I would never even try to make human friends.

如果小狗会说话,我甚至不会尝试结交人类朋友。

6.Whoever said diamonds are a girl's best friend never owned a dog.

谁说钻石是女孩最好的朋友,那肯定没有养过狗。

主题打包盒

1.大约三万年以前,人类和狼群一起统治着草原。他们保持着敌对的关系已经长达数千年。直到有一天,一只狼由于在狼群中找不到立足之地而决定离开。

它选择接近人类,人类也意识到它们具有强大的嗅觉和灵敏的听觉,是很好的伙伴。就这样,狼逐渐进化成为了狗,很快,狗狗们就迁徙到了世界各地,变成了人类的伙伴。

2.我们知道,狗狗可以帮助人类保护庄稼,那人们一开始是如何知道狗狗具有这种能力的呢?纪录片里讲述了一只名叫“白爪”的流浪狗的故事。“白爪”为了获取食物,一直在学习了解人类,通过观察人类的面部表情来判断人类的情绪。它每天都会离开村庄,前往附近的田地,那里的农民深受猴群的困扰。

图片发自App

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