SAP ABAP 数据填充进EXCEL模板或代码生成EXCEL并维护数据下载到本地
文章目录
- 需求
- 一、针对有EXCEL模板只填充数据的情况
- 二、没有模板需要凭空生成Excel的情况
-
- 如果需要把大量数据整理后转化为excel传向OA
- 三、检查Excel是否正确安装
- 四、如果系统中没有ZCL_EXCEL**的帮助类
- 总结
需求
在网页应用中利用数据生成excel或填充数据到excel下载到本地（部分代码rept程序应该也是可以用的）
一、针对有EXCEL模板只填充数据的情况
如果我们已有数据需要填充到EXCEL中，并保存到本地，可以使用以下方法
一般模板保存在如下路径(T-CODE:SE80)：SAP/PUBLIC/EXCEL TEMPLATE/ZTEST_DEMO.XLSX
如图
示例代码：
DATA lv_mime_file TYPE xstring.
DATA: lv_xdocument TYPE xstring.
DATA lo_excel_e TYPE REF TO zcx_excel.
DATA lo_excel_reader TYPE REF TO zif_excel_reader.
DATA lo_excel_writer TYPE REF TO zif_excel_writer.
DATA lo_excel TYPE REF TO zcl_excel.
DATA lo_worksheet TYPE REF TO zcl_excel_worksheet.
DATA: lt_field_catalog TYPE zexcel_t_fieldcatalog,
ls_table_settings TYPE zexcel_s_table_settings,
ls_table_settings_out TYPE zexcel_s_table_settings.
* 下载模板
cl_mime_repository_api=>get_api( )->get(
EXPORTING i_url = 'SAP/PUBLIC/EXCEL TEMPLATE/ZTEST_DEMO.XLSX'
IMPORTING e_content = lv_mime_file
EXCEPTIONS OTHERS = 8 ).
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
RETURN.
ELSE.
CREATE OBJECT lo_excel_reader TYPE zcl_excel_reader_2007.
TRY.
lo_excel = lo_excel_reader->load( i_excel2007 = lv_mime_file ).
IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
lo_worksheet = lo_excel->get_worksheet_by_name(
EXPORTING
ip_sheet_name = '测试模板' ).
IF is_data-mcost1 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 4 ip_column = 'A' ip_value = is_data-mcost1 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
IF is_data-mcost2 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 5 ip_column = 'B' ip_value = is_data-mcost2 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
IF is_data-mcost3 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 6 ip_column = 'C' ip_value = is_data-mcost3 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
IF is_data-mcost4 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 7 ip_column = 'D' ip_value = is_data-mcost4 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
IF is_data-mcost5 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 8 ip_column = 'E' ip_value = is_data-mcost5 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
IF is_data-mcost6 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 9 ip_column = 'F' ip_value = is_data-mcost6 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
IF is_data-mcost7 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 10 ip_column = 'G' ip_value = is_data-mcost7 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
IF is_data-mcost8 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 11 ip_column = 'H' ip_value = is_data-mcost8 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
IF is_data-mcost9 IS NOT INITIAL.
lo_worksheet->set_cell( ip_row = 12 ip_column = 'I' ip_value = is_data-mcost9 ip_abap_type = cl_abap_typedescr=>typekind_string ).
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
* 导出文件
CREATE OBJECT lo_excel_writer TYPE zcl_excel_writer_2007.
lv_xdocument = lo_excel_writer->write_file( lo_excel ).
CATCH zcx_excel INTO lo_excel_e.
ENDTRY.
cl_wd_runtime_services=>attach_file_to_response(
i_filename = '模板.xlsx' "可自定义文件名
* i_content = lv_mime_file
i_content = lv_xdocument
i_mime_type = 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'
i_in_new_window = abap_false
i_inplace = abap_false
).
ENDIF.
如果出现调用Excel.Application报错，请按文章最后传送门方法检查office是否正确配置
2022.08.11更新
上面下载的方法针对与网页应用（fpm）
如果是REPORT程序，应该用以下方法：
DATA: lv_path TYPE string,
t_rawdata TYPE solix_tab,
bytecount TYPE I.
t_rawdata = cl_bcs_convert=>xstring_to_solix( iv_xstring = lv_xdocument ).
bytecount = xstrlen( lv_xdocument ).
CONCATENATE lv_path TEXT '.XLSX' INTO lv_path.
* Get trailing blank
cl_gui_frontend_services=>gui_download( EXPORTING bin_filesize = bytecount
filename = lv_path
filetype = 'BIN'
CHANGING data_tab = t_rawdata ).
二、没有模板需要凭空生成Excel的情况
如果需要把大量数据整理后转化为excel传向OA
这里面有三个参数 IS_HEADER和IT_DATA都是FIELD-SYMBOL，IV_ATTACHNAME是自定义要保存的EXCEL名字，IS_HEADER是excel的第一行，列名，IT_DATA为数据，做成function的好处是可以复用，不必每次都去新建相应结构
举例：
代码：
FUNCTION z_convert_data_to_excel.
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
*"*"本地接口：
*" IMPORTING
*" REFERENCE(IS_HEADER) TYPE ANY OPTIONAL
*" REFERENCE(IV_ATTACHNAME) TYPE STRING
*" TABLES
*" IT_DATA TYPE STANDARD TABLE
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA: excel TYPE REF TO zcl_excel, reader TYPE REF TO zif_excel_reader.
DATA: worksheet TYPE REF TO zcl_excel_worksheet,
highest_column TYPE zexcel_cell_column,
highest_row TYPE int4,
column TYPE zexcel_cell_column VALUE 1,
col_str TYPE zexcel_cell_column_alpha,
row TYPE int4 VALUE 1,
value TYPE zexcel_cell_value,
lv_highest_column TYPE string,
dref TYPE REF TO data,
lv_highest_row TYPE string,
lv_error_flag TYPE sap_bool,
lo_excel_writer TYPE REF TO zif_excel_writer,
lv_file TYPE xstring.
DATA: ex TYPE REF TO cx_root.
DATA:lv_xdocument TYPE xstring.
DATA:itab_type TYPE REF TO cl_abap_tabledescr,
struct_type TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr,
elem_type TYPE REF TO cl_abap_elemdescr,
comp_tab TYPE cl_abap_structdescr=>component_table,
comp_fld TYPE cl_abap_structdescr=>component,
column_num TYPE i,
row_num TYPE i,
tcolumn TYPE string,
lv_str TYPE string.
FIELD-SYMBOLS : <lt_outtab> TYPE ANY TABLE,
<ls_outtab> TYPE any,
<l_fld> TYPE any.
TRY.
itab_type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_data( it_data[] ).
struct_type ?= itab_type->get_table_line_type( ).
comp_tab = struct_type->get_components( ).
DESCRIBE TABLE comp_tab LINES highest_column.
CREATE DATA dref TYPE HANDLE struct_type.
ASSIGN dref->* TO <ls_outtab>.
* start excel data set
CREATE OBJECT reader TYPE zcl_excel_reader_2007.
* excel = reader->load( lv_xstring ).
CREATE OBJECT excel.
worksheet = excel->get_active_worksheet( ).
row_num = 1.
IF is_header IS NOT INITIAL.
column_num = 1.
WHILE column_num <= highest_column.
ASSIGN COMPONENT column_num OF STRUCTURE is_header TO <l_fld>.
CALL FUNCTION 'ZCONVERT_NUMBER_EXCEL_COLUMN'
EXPORTING
number = column_num
IMPORTING
column = tcolumn.
lv_str = <l_fld>.
IF lv_str IS NOT INITIAL.
worksheet->set_cell( ip_column = tcolumn ip_row = row_num ip_value = lv_str ).
ENDIF.
column_num = column_num + 1.
ENDWHILE.
row_num = row_num + 1.
ENDIF.
LOOP AT it_data ASSIGNING <ls_outtab>.
column_num = 1.
WHILE column_num <= highest_column.
ASSIGN COMPONENT column_num OF STRUCTURE <ls_outtab> TO <l_fld>.
CALL FUNCTION 'ZCONVERT_NUMBER_EXCEL_COLUMN'
EXPORTING
number = column_num
IMPORTING
column = tcolumn.
lv_str = <l_fld>.
IF lv_str IS NOT INITIAL.
worksheet->set_cell( ip_column = tcolumn ip_row = row_num ip_value = lv_str ).
ENDIF.
column_num = column_num + 1.
ENDWHILE.
row_num = row_num + 1.
ENDLOOP.
CREATE OBJECT lo_excel_writer TYPE zcl_excel_writer_2007.
lv_xdocument = lo_excel_writer->write_file( excel ).
CATCH zcx_excel INTO ex. " Exceptions for ABAP2XLSX
EXIT.
ENDTRY.
cl_wd_runtime_services=>attach_file_to_response(
i_filename = IV_ATTACHNAME && '.XLSX' "可自定义文件名
* i_content = lv_mime_file
i_content = lv_xdocument
i_mime_type = 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'
i_in_new_window = abap_false
i_inplace = abap_false
).
ENDFUNCTION.
*用到的function
FUNCTION zconvert_number_excel_column.
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
*"*"本地接口：
*" IMPORTING
*" REFERENCE(NUMBER) TYPE I
*" EXPORTING
*" REFERENCE(COLUMN) TYPE STRING
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
CLEAR column.
CALL FUNCTION 'ZCONVERT_GET_DATA'
EXPORTING
input = number
CHANGING
output = column.
ENDFUNCTION.
FUNCTION zconvert_get_data.
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
*"*"本地接口：
*" IMPORTING
*" REFERENCE(INPUT) TYPE I
*" CHANGING
*" REFERENCE(OUTPUT) TYPE STRING
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA lv_div TYPE i.
DATA lv_rem TYPE i.
CHECK input GT 0.
lv_div = input DIV 26.
lv_rem = input MOD 26.
IF lv_rem IS INITIAL.
lv_rem = 26.
SUBTRACT 1 FROM lv_div.
ENDIF.
SUBTRACT 1 FROM lv_rem.
CONCATENATE sy-abcde+lv_rem(1) output INTO output.
CALL FUNCTION 'ZCONVERT_GET_DATA'
EXPORTING
input = lv_div
CHANGING
output = output.
ENDFUNCTION.
三、检查Excel是否正确安装
- 这里有个老哥写的很详细了：传送门
- 如果还是不行，那就完全卸载（一定要完全卸载，网上都有工具）并重装office，即可修复，亲测可行，我之前也遇到过
四、如果系统中没有ZCL_EXCEL**的帮助类
开源项目下载导入即可，什么？你不知道ABAPGIT?
读到这里你就必须得去abapgit的开源项目看看了，开源项目里面也有很多处理excel的例子，让你发现新大陆，哈哈~
这里有直达=======>ABAPGIT传送门
总结
这篇文章主要针对网页上处理EXCEL，但也不止于此，还有很多处理，比如涉及宏，手动设置超链接等，以后有时间再补充到本栏。
REPORT程序处理/下载EXCEL我看网上很多，这里没必要多写了
希望对你有所帮助，如果有错误请大胆指出，大家互相进步