7-1 汽车租赁 :编写一个程序,询问用户要租赁什么样的汽车,并打印一条消息,如“LetmeseeifIcan find you a Subaru”。
message=input("What kind of car do you want to rent?")
print('Let me see if I can find you a '+message)
D:\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/pythonProject/first.py
What kind of car do you want to rent?RR
Let me see if I can find you a RR
Process finished with exit code 0
7-2 餐馆订位 :编写一个程序,询问用户有多少人用餐。如果超过8人,就打印一条消息,指出没有空桌;否则指出有空桌
num=input('How many people will come to dinner?')
num=int(num)
if num>8:
print("There are vacent tables")
else:
print("There are enough tables")
D:\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/pythonProject/first.py
How many people will come to dinner?8
There are enough tables
Process finished with exit code 0
7-4 比萨配料:编写一个循环,提示用户输入一系列的比萨配料,并在用户输入’quit’ 时结束循环。每当用户输入一种配料后,都打印一条消息,说我们会在比萨 中添加这种配料。
prompt = "\nPlease enter pizza toppings:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
message = " "
while message != 'quit':
message = input(prompt)
if message != 'quit':
print('We will add '+message+' to the pizza')
D:\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/pythonProject/first.py
Please enter pizza toppings:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. aa
We will add aa to the pizza
Please enter pizza toppings:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. bb
We will add bb to the pizza
Please enter pizza toppings:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. quit
Process finished with exit code 0
7-5 电影票 :有家电影院根据观众的年龄收取不同的票价:不到3岁的观众免费;3~12岁的观众为10美元;超过12岁的观众为15美元。请编写一个循环,在其中询问用户的年龄,并指出其票价。
age = "\ta.您在下方输入你的年龄选择购票;\n"
age += "\n\tb.年输入quit可以退出购票界面;\n"
age += "\n\tc.请输入您的年龄:"
ticket = ""
while ticket != quit:
ticket = input(age)
if ticket== 'quit':
break
elif int(ticket) < 3:
print("\n\t小于三岁的免费观影;\n")
elif int(ticket) <= 12:
print("\n\t您的票价是10元;\n")
else:
print("\n\t您的票价是15元\n")
D:\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/pythonProject/first.py
a.您在下方输入你的年龄选择购票;
b.年输入quit可以退出购票界面;
c.请输入您的年龄:18
您的票价是15元
a.您在下方输入你的年龄选择购票;
b.年输入quit可以退出购票界面;
c.请输入您的年龄:quit
Process finished with exit code 0
7-6 三个出口:以另一种方式完成练习7-4或练习7-5,在程序中采取如下所有做法。
··在while 循环中使用条件测试来结束循环。
··使用变量active 来控制循环结束的时机。
·· 使用break 语句在用户输入’quit’ 时退出循环。
age = "\ta.您在下方输入你的年龄选择购票;\n"
age += "\n\tb.年输入quit可以退出购票界面;\n"
age += "\n\tc.请输入您的年龄:"
active=True
while active:
age=input(age)
if age=='quit':
print('您已退出系统')
break
else:
age=int(age)
if age>0 and age<=3:
print("\n\t小于三岁的免费观影;\n")
elif age<=12:
print("\n\t您的票价是10元;\n")
else:
print("\n\t您的票价是15元\n")
active=False
D:\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/pythonProject/first.py
a.您在下方输入你的年龄选择购票;
b.年输入quit可以退出购票界面;
c.请输入您的年龄:18
您的票价是15元
Process finished with exit code 0
7-7 无限循环 :编写一个没完没了的循环,并运行它(要结束该循环,可按Ctrl+C,也可关闭显示输出的窗口)。
age=2
while age>=2:
print('j')
7-8 熟食店 :创建一个名为sandwich_orders 的列表,在其中包含各种三明治的名字;再创建一个名为finished_sandwiches 的空列表。遍历列 表sandwich_orders ,对于其中的每种三明治,都打印一条消息,如I made your tuna sandwich ,并将其移到列表finished_sandwiches 。所有三明治都制作好后,打印一条消息,将这些三明治列出来
sandwich_orders=['aa','bb','cc']
finished_sandwiches=[]
while sandwich_orders:
i=sandwich_orders.pop()
print('I made your '+i+' sandwich')
finished_sandwiches.append(i)
print('已经完成啦')
for i in finished_sandwiches:
print(i)
sandwich_orders=['aa','bb','cc']
finished_sandwiches=[]
while sandwich_orders:
i=sandwich_orders.pop()
print('I made your '+i+' sandwich')
finished_sandwiches.append(i)
print('已经完成啦')
for i in finished_sandwiches:
print(i)
pop()方法用于随机移除一个元素
例如:set.pop()
随机移除一个元素:
fruits = {'apple','banana','cherry'}
x = fruits.pop()
print(x)
print(fruits)
输出为
banana
{'cherry', 'apple'
7-9 五香烟熏牛肉 :使用为完成练习7-8而创建的列表sandwich_orders ,并确保’pastrami’ 在其中至少出现了三次。在程序开头附近添加 这样的代码:打印一条消息,指出熟食店的五香烟熏牛肉卖完了;再使用一个while 循环将列表sandwich_orders 中的’pastrami’ 都删除。确认最终的列 表finished_sandwiches 中不包含’pastrami’
sandwich_orders=['aa','pastrami','bb','pastrami','cc','pastrami']
print('The pastrami has been sold out')
while 'pastrami' in sandwich_orders:
sandwich_orders.remove('pastrami')
finished_sandwiches=sandwich_orders
print(finished_sandwiches)
D:\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/pythonProject/first.py
The pastrami has been sold out
['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
Process finished with exit code 0
7-10 梦想的度假胜地 :编写一个程序,调查用户梦想的度假胜地。使用类似于“If you could visit one placein the world, where would you go?”的提示,并编写一个打印调查 结果的代码块。
responses={}
polling_active=True
while polling_active:
name=input("\nWhat's your name?")
place=input('\nIf you could visit one placein the world, where would you go?')
responses[name]=place
repeat=input('\nWould you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no)')
if repeat=='no':
polling_active=False
print("\n--- Results ---")
for name,place in responses.items():
print(name+' would like to visit '+place)
D:\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/pythonProject/first.py
What's your name?jj
If you could visit one placein the world, where would you go?jj
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no)no
--- Results ---
jj would like to visit jj
Process finished with exit code 0
在本章中,你学习了:如何在程序中使用input() 来让用户提供信息;如何处理文本和数字输入,以及如何使用while 循环让程序按用户的要求不断地运行;多种控制while 循环流程的方式:设置活动标志、使用break 语句以及使用continue 语句;如何使用while 循环在列表之间移动元素,以及如何从列表中删除所有包含特定值的元素;如何 结合使用while 循环和字典。 在第8章中,你将学习函数。函数让你能够将程序分成多个很小的部分,其中每部分都负责完成一项具体任务。你可以根据需要调用同一个函数任意次,还可将函数存储在独立的 文件中。使用函数可让你编写的代码效率更高,更容易维护和排除故障,还可在众多不同的程序中重用。