Spark【Spark Streaming】

1、基本数据源

1.1、文件流

在spark Shell 下运行:

[lyh@hadoop102 spark-yarn-3.2.4]$ spark-shell 
Setting default log level to "WARN".
To adjust logging level use sc.setLogLevel(newLevel). For SparkR, use setLogLevel(newLevel).
2022-09-08 08:56:21,875 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Spark context Web UI available at http://hadoop102:4040
Spark context available as 'sc' (master = local[*], app id = local-1662598583370).
Spark session available as 'spark'.
Welcome to
      ____              __
     / __/__  ___ _____/ /__
    _\ \/ _ \/ _ `/ __/  '_/
   /___/ .__/\_,_/_/ /_/\_\   version 3.2.4
      /_/
         
Using Scala version 2.12.15 (Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, Java 1.8.0_241)
Type in expressions to have them evaluated.
Type :help for more information.

scala> import org.apache.spark.streaming._
import org.apache.spark.streaming._

scala> val ssc = new StreamingContext(sc,Seconds(20))
ssc: org.apache.spark.streaming.StreamingContext = org.apache.spark.streaming.StreamingContext@379899f4

scala> val lines = ssc.textFileStream("file:///home/lyh/streaming/logfile")
lines: org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream[String] = org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.MappedDStream@531245fe

scala> val kv = lines.map((_,1)).reduceByKey(_+_)
kv: org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream[(String, Int)] = org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.ShuffledDStream@c207c10

scala> kv.print()

scala> ssc.start()

------------------------------------------
Time: 1662598860000 ms
-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------
Time: 1662598880000 ms
-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------
Time: 1662598900000 ms
-------------------------------------------
(c#,1)
(hh,1)
(h,1)
(javafx,1)
(spark,1)
(hadoop,1)
(js,1)
(java,1)
(s,1)
(c,1)

执行后立即新建终端在  /home/lyh/streaming/logfile 目录下创建文件并写入数据

1.2、Socket 套接字流

// todo 创建环境对象
    val conf = new SparkConf()
    conf.setAppName("word count").setMaster("local[*]")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(3))

    // todo 逻辑处理
    // 获取端口数据(Socket)
    val lines: ReceiverInputDStream[String] = ssc.socketTextStream("localhost", 9999)
    val words: DStream[String] = lines.flatMap(_.split(" "))
    val word: DStream[(String,Int)] = words.map((_, 1))
    val wordCount: DStream[(String,Int)] = word.reduceByKey(_ + _)
    wordCount.print()
    // todo 关闭环境
    // 由于SparkStreaming的采集器是长期运行的,所以不能直接关闭
    // 而且main方法的关闭也会使SparkStreaming的采集器关闭
    ssc.start()
    // 等待采集器关闭
    ssc.awaitTermination()

启动 NetCat

> nc -lp 9999 
> hello world
> hello spark
> ...

运行结果: 

Spark【Spark Streaming】_第1张图片

1.3、自定义 Socket 数据源

通过自定义 Socket 实现数据源不断产生数据

import java.io.PrintWriter
import java.net.{ServerSocket, Socket}
import scala.io.Source

/**
 * 通过自定义的Socket来不断给客户端发送数据
 */
object MySocketReceiver {

  def index(length: Int): Int = {
    val rdm = new java.util.Random()
    rdm.nextInt(length)
  }

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val fileName = "input/1.txt"
    val lines: List[String] = Source.fromFile(fileName).getLines().toList

    val listener: ServerSocket = new ServerSocket(9999)

    while(true){
      val socket: Socket = listener.accept()
      new Thread(){
        override def run(){
          val out: PrintWriter = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream,true)
          while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000)
            val content = lines(index(lines.length)) // 源源不断,每次打印list的第(1~length)随机行
            println(content)
            out.write(content + '\n')
            out.flush()
          }
          socket.close()
        }
      }.start()
    }

  }
}

定义一个处理器接收自定义数据源端口发送过来的数据。

def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    // todo 创建环境对象
    val conf = new SparkConf()
    conf.setAppName("word count").setMaster("local[*]")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(3))

    // todo 逻辑处理
    // 获取端口数据(Socket)
    val lines: ReceiverInputDStream[String] = ssc.socketTextStream("localhost", 9999)
    val words: DStream[String] = lines.flatMap(_.split(" "))
    val word: DStream[(String,Int)] = words.map((_, 1))
    val wordCount: DStream[(String,Int)] = word.reduceByKey(_ + _)
    wordCount.print()
    // todo 关闭环境
    // 由于SparkStreaming的采集器是长期运行的,所以不能直接关闭
    ssc.start()
    // 等待采集器关闭
    ssc.awaitTermination()

  }

先运行我们的数据源,再运行处理器:

Spark【Spark Streaming】_第2张图片

处理器:

Spark【Spark Streaming】_第3张图片

1.4、RDD 队列流

import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
import org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.{DStream, InputDStream}
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext}

import scala.collection.mutable

object SparkStreaming02_RDDStream {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    // 1. 初始化配置信息
    val conf = new SparkConf()
    conf.setAppName("rdd Stream").setMaster("local[*]")

    // 2.初始化SparkStreamingContext
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(4))

    // 3.创建RDD队列
    val rddQueue: mutable.Queue[RDD[Int]] = new mutable.Queue[RDD[Int]]()

    // 4.创建QueueInputStream
    // oneAtATime = true 默认,一次读取队列里面的一个数据
    // oneAtATime = false, 按照设定的时间,读取队列里面数据
    val inputStream: InputDStream[Int] = ssc.queueStream(rddQueue,oneAtATime = false)

    // 5. 处理队列中的RDD数据
    val sumStream: DStream[Int] = inputStream.reduce(_ + _)

    // 6. 打印结果
    sumStream.print()

    // 7.启动任务
    ssc.start()

    // 8.向队列中放入RDD
    for(i <- 1 to 5){
      rddQueue += ssc.sparkContext.makeRDD(1 to 5)
      Thread.sleep(2000)
    }

    // 9. 等待数据源进程停止后关闭
    ssc.awaitTermination()
  }

}

2、高级数据源

2.1、Kafka 数据源

2.1.1、消费者程序处理流数据

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.{ConsumerConfig, ConsumerRecord}
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.{DStream, InputDStream}
import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.{ConsumerStrategies, KafkaUtils, LocationStrategies}
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext}

object SparkStreaming03_Kafka {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("kafka source")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(3))

    // 定义Kafka参数: kafka集群地址、消费者组名称、key序列化、value序列化
    val kafkaPara: Map[String,Object] = Map[String,Object](
      ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG -> "hadoop102:9092,hadoop103:9092,hadoop104:9092",
      ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG ->"lyh",
      ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG -> "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer",
      ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG -> classOf[StringDeserializer]
    )

    // 读取Kafka数据创建DStream
    val kafkaDStream: InputDStream[ConsumerRecord[String,String]] = KafkaUtils.createDirectStream[String,String](
      ssc,
      LocationStrategies.PreferConsistent,  //优先位置
      ConsumerStrategies.Subscribe[String,String](Set("testTopic"),kafkaPara) // 消费策略:(订阅多个主题,配置参数)
    )

    // 将每条消息的KV取出
    val valueDStream: DStream[String] = kafkaDStream.map(_.value())

    // 计算WordCount
    valueDStream.flatMap(_.split(" "))
      .map((_,1))
      .reduceByKey(_+_)
      .print()

    // 开启任务
    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()

  }

}

2.1.2、生产者生产数据

(1)kafka 端生产数据

启动 Kafka 集群

创建 Topic(指定一个分区三个副本): 

kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server hadoop102:9092 --topic  --create --partitions 1 --replication-factor 3 

 查看是否生成 Topic:

kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server hadoop102:9092 --list

生产者生产数据:

> kafka-console-producer.sh --bootstrap-server hadoop102:9092 --topic 
> hello world
> hello spark
> ...
(2)编写生产者程序
package com.lyh

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.{ConsumerConfig, ConsumerRecord}
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.{DStream, InputDStream}
import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010.{ConsumerStrategies, KafkaUtils, LocationStrategies}
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext}

object SparkStreaming03_Kafka {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("kafka source")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(3))

    // 定义Kafka参数: kafka集群地址、消费者组名称、key序列化、value序列化
    val kafkaPara: Map[String,Object] = Map[String,Object](
      ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG -> "hadoop102:9092,hadoop103:9092,hadoop104:9092",
      ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG ->"lyh",
      ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG -> "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer",
      ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG -> classOf[StringDeserializer]
    )

    // 读取Kafka数据创建DStream
    val kafkaDStream: InputDStream[ConsumerRecord[String,String]] = KafkaUtils.createDirectStream[String,String](
      ssc,
      LocationStrategies.PreferConsistent,  //优先位置
      ConsumerStrategies.Subscribe[String,String](Set("testTopic"),kafkaPara) // 消费策略:(订阅多个主题,配置参数)
    )

    // 将每条消息的KV取出
    val valueDStream: DStream[String] = kafkaDStream.map(_.value())

    // 计算WordCount
    valueDStream.flatMap(_.split(" "))
      .map((_,1))
      .reduceByKey(_+_)
      .print()

   // 开启任务
    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()

  }

}

3、转换操作

3.1、无状态转换操作

3.2、有状态转换操作

3.1.1、滑动窗口转换操作

import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext}

object SparkStreaming05_Window {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("sparkStreaming window")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(3))

    val lines:DStream[String] = ssc.socketTextStream("localhost", 9999)

    val word_kv = lines.map((_, 1))

    /**
     * 收集器收集RDD合成DStream: 3s 窗口范围: 12s 窗口滑动间隔: 6s/次
     * 1. windowLength:表示滑动窗口的长度,即窗口内包含的数据的时间跨度。它是一个Duration对象,用于指定窗口的时间长度。
     * 2. slideInterval:表示滑动窗口的滑动间隔,即每隔多长时间将窗口向右滑动一次。同样是一个Duration对象。
     * 返回一个新的 DStream
     **/
    val wordToOneByWindow:DStream[(String,Int)] = word_kv.window(Seconds(12), Seconds(6))

    // 窗口每滑动一次(6s),对窗口内的数据进行一次聚合操作.

    val res: DStream[(String,Int)] = wordToOneByWindow.reduceByKey(_ + _)

    res.print()

    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()
  }
}

3.1.2、updateStateByKey

import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext}

/**
 * DStream 有状态转换操作之 updateStateByKey(func) 转换操作
 */
object SparkStreaming04_State {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("kafka state")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(3))

    /**
     * 设置检查点目录的作用是为了确保Spark Streaming应用程序的容错性和可恢复性。
     * 在Spark Streaming应用程序运行过程中,它会将接收到的数据分成一批批进行处理。
     * 通过设置检查点目录,Spark Streaming会定期将当前的处理状态、接收到的数据偏移量等信息保存到可靠的存储系统中,
     * 比如分布式文件系统(如HDFS)或云存储服务(如Amazon S3)。
     * 一旦应用程序出现故障或崩溃,它可以从最近的检查点中恢复状态,并从上次处理的位置继续处理数据,从而确保数据的完整性和一致性。
     */
    //检查点的路径如果是本地路径要+ file:// 否则认为是 hdfs路径 / 开头
    ssc.checkpoint("file:///D://IdeaProject/SparkStudy/data/")  //设置检查点,检查点具有容错机制

    val lines: DStream[String] = ssc.socketTextStream("localhost",9999)

    val word_kv = lines.map((_, 1))

    val stateDStream: DStream[(String, Int)] = word_kv.updateStateByKey(
      /** 参数是一个函数
       1. Seq[Int]: 当前key对应的所有value值的集合,因为我们的value是Int,所以这里也是Int
       2. Option[Int]: 当前key的历史状态,对于wordCount,历史值就是上一个DStream中这个key的value计算结果(求和结果)
       Option 是 Scala 中用来表示可能存在或可能不存在的值的容器,是一种避免空引用(null reference)问题的模式。
       Option[Int] 有两个可能的实例:
          (1) Some(value: Int):表示一个包含 Int 类型值的 Option。
          (2) None:表示一个空的 Option,不包含任何值。
      **/
      (values: Seq[Int], state: Option[Int]) => {
        val currentCount = values.foldLeft(0)(_ + _)
        val previousCount = state.getOrElse(0)
        Option(currentCount + previousCount)
      }
    )

    stateDStream.print()
    stateDStream.saveAsTextFiles("./out") //输出结果保存到 文本文件中
    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()
  }
}

4、输出操作

4.1、输出到文本文件

上面 3.1.2 中就保存DStream输出到了本地:

stateDStream.saveAstextFiles("./out")

4.2、输出到MySQL数据库

import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
import org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.{DStream, ReceiverInputDStream}
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext}

import java.sql.{Connection, PreparedStatement}

object NetWorkWordCountStateMySQL {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val updateFunc = (values: Seq[Int],state: Option[Int]) => {
      val currentCount = values.foldLeft(0)(_+_)
      val previousCount = state.getOrElse(0)
      Some(currentCount + previousCount)
    }

    val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("state mysql")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(5))
    // file:\\ 代表本地文件系统 如果用的是 /user/... 这种形式是 HDFS 文件系统 需要启动Hadoop集群
    ssc.checkpoint("file:\\D:\\IdeaProjects\\SparkStudy\\data\\state")

    val lines: ReceiverInputDStream[String] = ssc.socketTextStream("localhost", 9999)
    val word_kv: DStream[(String, Int)] = lines.flatMap(_.split(" ").map((_, 1))).reduceByKey(_ + _)

    val stateDStream: DStream[(String, Int)] = word_kv.updateStateByKey[Int](updateFunc)
    stateDStream.print()

    stateDStream.foreachRDD( rdd=> {

      def func(records: Iterator[(String,Int)]): Unit ={
        var conn: Connection = null
        var stmt: PreparedStatement = null
        try{
          conn = DBUtils.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spark","root","Yan1029.")
          records.foreach(p=>{
            val sql = "insert into wordcount values (?,?)"
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)
            stmt.setString(1,p._1.trim)
            stmt.setInt(2,p._2)
            stmt.executeUpdate()    //不executeUpdate就不会写入数据库
          })
        }catch {
          case e: Exception => e.printStackTrace()
        }finally {
//          if (stmt!=null) stmt.close()
//          DBUtils.close()
        }
      }
      val repartitionedRDD: RDD[(String,Int)] = rdd.repartition(3)  //扩大分区用 repartition
      repartitionedRDD.foreachPartition(func)
    })
    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()
  }

}

运行结果:

Spark【Spark Streaming】_第4张图片

5、优雅的关闭和恢复数据

5.1、关闭SparkStreaming

        流式任务通常都需要7*24小时执行,但是有时涉及到升级代码需要主动停止程序,但是分布式程序,没办法做到一个个进程去杀死,所以配置优雅的关闭就显得至关重要了。
       关闭方式:我们通常使用外部文件系统来控制内部程序关闭。

package com.lyh

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.{FileSystem, Path}
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext, StreamingContextState}

import java.net.URI

object SparkStreaming06_Close {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("sparkStreaming close")
    val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf,Seconds(3))

    val lines:DStream[String] = ssc.socketTextStream("localhost", 9999)
    val word_kv = lines.map((_, 1))

    word_kv.print()

    ssc.start()

    // 再创建一个线程去关闭
    new Thread(new MonitorStop(ssc)).start()

    ssc.awaitTermination()  //阻塞当前main线程
  }
}

class MonitorStop(ssc: StreamingContext) extends Runnable{
  override def run(): Unit = {
    while (true){ // 一直轮询判断
      Thread.sleep(5000)  //每5s检查一遍
      val fs: FileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:9000"),new Configuration(),"lyh")
      val exists: Boolean = fs.exists(new Path("hdfs://hadoop102:9000/stopSpark"))
      if (exists) { //如果比如(MySQL出现了一行数据、Zookeeper的某个节点出现变化、hdfs是否存在某个目录...)就关闭
        val state: StreamingContextState = ssc.getState()
        if (state == StreamingContextState.ACTIVE){
          // 优雅地关闭-处理完当前的数据再关闭
          // 计算节点不再接受新的数据,而是把现有的数据处理完毕,然后关闭
          ssc.stop(true,true)
          System.exit(0)
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

5.2、恢复检查点的数据

使用 getActiveOrCreate 的方法来对上一个失败的 Spark 任务进行数据恢复(通过检查点来进行恢复)

方法说明:

        若Application为首次重启,将创建一个新的StreamingContext实例;如果Application从失败中重启,从checkpoint目录导入checkpoint数据来重新创建StreamingContext实例。

import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream
import org.apache.spark.streaming.{Seconds, StreamingContext, StreamingContextState}

import java.net.URI

object SparkStreaming07_Resume {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    //好处:若Application为首次重启,将创建一个新的StreamingContext实例;如果Application从失败中重启,从checkpoint目录导入checkpoint数据来重新创建StreamingContext实例。
    val ssc: StreamingContext = StreamingContext.getActiveOrCreate("file:\\D:\\IdeaProjects\\SparkStudy\\data\\state", () => {
      val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("sparkStreaming resume")
      val ssc = new StreamingContext(conf, Seconds(3))

      val lines: DStream[String] = ssc.socketTextStream("localhost", 9999)
      val word_kv = lines.map((_, 1))

      word_kv.print()

      ssc
    })
    // 依然设置检查点 防止application失败后丢失数据
    ssc.checkpoint("file:\\D:\\IdeaProjects\\SparkStudy\\data\\state")

    ssc.start()
    ssc.awaitTermination()  //阻塞当前main线程
  }
}

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