LeetCode刷题笔记(六)字符串

六. 字符串

14. 最长公共前缀

题目:编写一个函数来查找字符串数组中的最长公共前缀。
输入:strs = ["flower","flow","flight"]
输出:"fl"

    def longestCommonPrefix(self, strs: List[str]) -> str:
        if len(strs) == 0: # 字符串数组为空
            return ""
        if len(strs) == 1: # 字符串数组只有一个元素
            return strs[0]
        for j in range(0, len(strs[0])): # 第一个元素的0~j位
            for i in range(1, len(strs)): # 0~i个元素
                if len(strs[i])>=j+1:                   
                    if strs[0][j] != strs[i][j]: 
                        return strs[0][0: j] # 一旦返现第j位有异样,返回0到j-1位
                    if (j == len(strs[0])-1 and i == len(strs)-1):
                        return strs[0][0:j+1] # 循环到最后都满足,返回第0个字符串
                else:                  
                    return strs[0][0: j]
        
        return ""
28. 实现 strStr()

题目:给你两个字符串 haystack 和 needle ,请你在 haystack 字符串中找出 needle 字符串出现的第一个位置(下标从 0 开始)。如果不存在,则返回 -1 。
输入:haystack = "hello", needle = "ll"
输出:2
思考:KMP问题。

    def strStr(self, haystack: str, needle: str) -> int:
        a = len(needle)
        b = len(haystack)
        if a == 0:
            return 0
        next = self.getnext(a, needle)
        p = -1
        for j in range(b):
            while p >= 0 and needle[p+1] != haystack[j]:
                p = next[p]
            if needle[p+1] == haystack[j]:
                p += 1
            if p == a-1:
                return j-a+1
        return -1

    def getnext(self, a, needle):
        next=['' for i in range(a)]
        k = -1
        next[0] = k
        for i in range(1,len(needle)):
            while (k >- 1 and needle[k+1] != needle[i]):
                k = next[k]
            if needle[k+1] == needle[i]:
                k += 1
            next[i] = k
        return next
58. 最后一个单词的长度

题目:最后一个单词的长度
输入:s = "Hello World"
输出:5

    def lengthOfLastWord(self, s: str) -> int:
        flag = 0 # 0 表示还没遇到字母, 第一次遇到字母后置1
        count = 0
        for x in s[::-1]:
            if x == " " and flag == 0:
                count = 0
            elif x == " " and flag == 1:
                return count
            else:
                flag = 1 # 冗余
                count += 1
        return count
125. 验证回文串

题目:验证回文串

    def isPalindrome(self, s: str) -> bool:
        sgood = "".join(ch.lower() for ch in s if ch.isalnum()) # 去除空格和符号
        n = len(sgood)
        left, right = 0, n - 1
        
        while left < right: # 左右逼近
            if sgood[left] != sgood[right]:
                return False
            left, right = left + 1, right - 1
        return True
205. 同构字符串

题目:同构字符串
输入:s = "egg", t = "add"
输出:True

    def isIsomorphic(self, s: str, t: str) -> bool:

        ds = dict()
        dt = dict()
        for i in range(0, len(s)):
            if s[i] in ds: # 存在,检查ds
                if t[i] != ds[s[i]]:
                    return False       
            elif t[i] in dt: # 存在,检查dt
                if s[i] != dt[t[i]]:
                    return False
            else: # 不存在,则更新ds和dt
                ds[s[i]] = t[i]
                dt[t[i]] = s[i]
        return True

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