k8s-ingress&ingress-nginx

一,ingress 简介

1,简介

Kubernetes 暴露服务的方式目前只有三种:LoadBlancer Service、NodePort Service、Ingress
ingress公开了从集群外部到集群内部服务的HTTP和HTTPS路由,流量路由由 Ingress 资源上定义的规则控制
可以将 Ingress 配置为服务提供外部可访问的 URL、负载均衡流量、终止 SSL/TLS,以及提供基于名称的虚拟主机等能力。 Ingress 控制器 通常负责通过负载均衡器来实现 Ingress,尽管它也可以配置边缘路由器或其他前端来帮助处理流量。

Ingress 不会公开任意端口或协议。 将 HTTP 和 HTTPS 以外的服务公开到 Internet 时,通常使用 Service.Type=NodePort 或 Service.Type=LoadBalancer 类型的服务。


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2,ingress实现理解

Ingress 的实现分为两个部分 Ingress Controller 和 Ingress。
Ingress Controller 是流量的入口,是一个实体软件, 一般是Nginx 和 Haproxy(较少使用)。
Ingress 描述具体的路由规则。
Ingress Controller 会监听 api server上的 /ingresses 资源 并实时生效。
Ingerss 描述了一个或者多个 域名的路由规则,以 ingress 资源的形式存在。
简单说: Ingress 描述路由规则, Ingress Controller 实时实现规则。

二,部署ingress

1,github上下载ingress-nginx的yaml文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
----------
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat mandatory.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-configuration
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      # Defaults to "-"
      # Here: "-"
      # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
      # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      # wait up to five minutes for the drain of connections
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:master
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
            - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            # www-data -> 101
            runAsUser: 101
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  limits:
  - default:
    min:
      memory: 90Mi
      cpu: 100m
    type: Container

#创建ingress-nginx
kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx 
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-ingress-controller-755bc94d87-wwqjv   1/1     Running   0          12m

2,创建后端服务
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat deploy-myapp.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata: 
  name: myapp
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
      release: cancay
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
        release: cancay
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: myapp
spec:
  selector:
    app: myapp
    release: cancay
  ports:
  - name: http
    targetPort: 80
    port: 80

#查看创建的pod
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get pods
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myapp-5968d7d997-hkf59          1/1     Running   0          29m
myapp-5968d7d997-l5tx6          1/1     Running   0          29m
myapp-5968d7d997-wjlzv          1/1     Running   0          29m
#查看service
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)             AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1                443/TCP             6d1h
myapp        ClusterIP   10.100.181.102           80/TCP              29m
#service查看详细信息
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl describe  svc myapp
Name:              myapp
Namespace:         default
Labels:            
Annotations:       
Selector:          app=myapp,release=cancay
Type:              ClusterIP
IP:                10.100.181.102
Port:              http  80/TCP
TargetPort:        80/TCP
Endpoints:         10.244.1.61:80,10.244.1.62:80,10.244.2.50:80
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            
4,创建ingress-nginx的service
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat service-nodeport.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    - name: https
      port: 443
      targetPort: 443
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
#查看创建的service
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx ingress-nginx 
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.104.215.220           80:31140/TCP,443:31465/TCP   34m
#查看详细信息
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl describe  svc -n ingress-nginx ingress-nginx 
Name:                     ingress-nginx
Namespace:                ingress-nginx
Labels:                   app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
                          app.kubernetes.io/part-of=ingress-nginx
Annotations:              
Selector:                 app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=ingress-nginx
Type:                     NodePort
IP:                       10.104.215.220
Port:                     http  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
NodePort:                 http  31140/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.1.64:80
Port:                     https  443/TCP
TargetPort:               443/TCP
NodePort:                 https  31465/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.1.64:443
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   

浏览器测试访问ingress是否都正常


image.png

能看见页面说明我们ingress-nginx的服务是正常的。
下面我们发布一下创建的后端服务

5,创建ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat ingress-myapp.yaml 
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-myapp
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: myapp.abc.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
        backend:
          serviceName: myapp
          servicePort: 80
#查看ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ingress
NAME             CLASS    HOSTS            ADDRESS          PORTS   AGE
ingress-myapp       myapp.abc.com    10.104.215.220   80      23m

测试用域名访问服务:


image.png

测试服务访问正常

三,发布一个tomcat的web应用

1,创建tomcat服务
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat tomcat-deploy.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: tomcat
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: tomcat
    release: canary
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080
  - name: ajp
    port: 8009
    targetPort: 8009
 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata: 
  name: tomcat-deploy
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector: 
    matchLabels:
      app: tomcat
      release: canary
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tomcat
        release: canary
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: tomcat
        image: tomcat:8.5.32-alpine
        ports:
        - name: httpd
          containerPort: 8080
        - name: ajp
          containerPort: 8009
#查看创建的pod
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get pods
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
tomcat-deploy-7dff9c464-b6j4m   1/1     Running   0          49m
tomcat-deploy-7dff9c464-c4rhn   1/1     Running   0          49m
tomcat-deploy-7dff9c464-d6pp7   1/1     Running   0          49m
#查看service
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)             AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1                443/TCP             6d1h
tomcat       ClusterIP   10.110.35.32             8080/TCP,8009/TCP   50m
2,创建tomcat-ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat ingress-tomcat.yaml 
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-tomcat
  namespace: default
  annotations: 
    kubernets.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: tomcat.abc.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: 
        backend:
          serviceName: tomcat
          servicePort: 8080
#查看ingress-tomcat
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ingress ingress-tomcat 
NAME             CLASS    HOSTS            ADDRESS          PORTS   AGE
ingress-tomcat      tomcat.abc.com   10.104.215.220   80      52m

测试访问tomcat


image.png

http访问成功!!!!!

四,使用https验证访问

1,制作证书
[root@k8s-master ingress]# openssl genrsa -out tls.kye 2048
[root@k8s-master ingress]# openssl req -new -x509 -key tls.kye -out tls.crt -subj /C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/0=DevOps/CN=tomcat.abc.com
2,创建secret
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl create secret tls tomcat-ingress-secret --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.kye 
#查看secret
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get secret
NAME                    TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
default-token-4npm9     kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      6d1h
tomcat-ingress-secret   kubernetes.io/tls                     2      80s
3,创建tls的ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat ingress-tomcat-tls.yaml 
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-tomcat-tls
  namespace: default
  annotations: 
    kubernets.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - tomcat.abc.com
    secretName: tomcat-ingress-secret
  rules:
  - host: tomcat.abc.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: 
        backend:
          serviceName: tomcat
          servicePort: 8080
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-tomcat-tls.yaml
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ingress ingress-tomcat-tls 
NAME                 CLASS    HOSTS            ADDRESS          PORTS     AGE
ingress-tomcat-tls      tomcat.abc.com   10.104.215.220   80, 443   3m20s
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx ingress-nginx 
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.104.215.220           80:31140/TCP,443:31465/TCP   98m

使用https测试访问


image.png

image.png

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