matlab static 函数,如何获取MATLAB类中的静态成员变量？
Is there a way to define static member variables in MATLAB classes?
This doesn't work:
classdef A
properties ( Static )
m = 0;
end
end
It suggests to use keyword "Constant" instead of "Static", the constant properties cannot be modified. I want a variable common to all objects of class A and I want to be able to modify that variable in methods of class A.
So what I need is a private static member variable. Is there a way to obtain it in MATLAB?
Found out that a workaround can be done using persistent variables in static member functions.
In this case you should inherit all your classes from a base class like the following.
classdef object < handle
properties ( GetAccess = 'public', SetAccess = 'private' )
id
end
methods ( Access = 'protected' )
function obj = object()
obj.id = object.increment();
end
end
methods ( Static, Access = 'private' )
function result = increment()
persistent stamp;
if isempty( stamp )
stamp = 0;
end
stamp = stamp + uint32(1);
result = stamp;
end
end
end
解决方案
You can not, it is by design. You should use a persistent variable (technique from the MATLAB as 1980 applied in year 2011)!
For completeness I should mention that actually there is as of 2010b an undocumented and probably not longer supported static property modifier.
For background see here the answer of Dave Foti, MATLAB OO group manager:
In MATLAB, classes can define Constant
properties, but not "static"
properties in the sense of other
languages like C++. There were beta
releases that experimented with
"Static" properties and the
undocumented attribute remains from
then. However, the Static attribute is
undocumented, should not be used, and
will likely be removed in a future
MATLAB release. R2008a implements it
as a synonym for Constant and provides
no additional functionality beyond
the documented behavior of Constant
properties.
Constant properties may not be changed
from the initial value specified in
the property declaration. There are a
couple of reasons why MATLAB works
the way it does. First, MATLAB has
longstanding rules that variables
always take precedent over the names
of functions and classes and that
assignment statements introduce a
variable if one doesn't already exist.
Thus, any expression of the form "A.B
= C" will introduce a new variable A that is a struct array containing a
field B whose value is C. If "A.B = C"
could refer to a static property of
class A, then class A would take
precedent over variable A and this
would be a very significant
incompatibility with prior releases
of MATLAB. It would mean that an
m-file containing the assignment
statement "A.B = C" could have its
meaning changed by the introduction
of a class named A somewhere on the
MATLAB path. MATLAB programmers have
always been able to rely on assignment
statements introducing variables that
shadow any other use of the same name.
Second, we have observed that static
data is rarely used in other classes
except as private data within the
class or as public constants. For
example, a survey of several Java
class libraries found that all public
static fields were also final. In
MATLAB, Constant properties can be
used like "public final static"
fields in Java. For data internal to a
class, MATLAB already has persistent
variables that can be created inside
of private or protected methods or
local functions privately used by a
class. There are also good reasons to
avoid static data in MATLAB where
possible. If a class has static data,
it can be difficult to use the same
class in multiple applications
because the static data can be a
source of conflicts among
applications. In some other languages,
this is less of an issue because
different applications are separately
compiled into executables running in
different processes with different
copies of class static data. In
MATLAB, frequently many different
applications may be running in the
same process and environment with a
single copy of each class.